A kind of extracting method of platycodon root polysaccharide
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of polysaccharide extraction, be specifically related to a kind of extracting method of platycodon root polysaccharide.
background technology
Polysaccharide is the sugar chain combined by glycosidic link, is to be formed by condensation, dehydration by more than at least 10 monose, is connected between structure unit with glycosidic link, is the glucide of molecule huge structure and complexity.Polysaccharide is extensive in distributed in nature, is present in animal cell membrane, plant cell wall, microorganism wall more, is one of four large base substances forming vital movement.In recent years, along with the development of Celluar and Molecular Biology, scholars find it have antitumor, enhancing body is immune, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, the effect such as antiviral, anti-ageing, hypoglycemic.Since the sixties in 20th century, scholars' discovery polysaccharide successively has a lot of pharmacologically active, up to now, people isolate more than 300 kind of polysaccharide compound from natural generation, wherein important with the polysaccharide extracted in plant, because vegetable polysaccharides has, function is many, toxic side effect is little, the feature of high safety, causes the concern of numerous scholars, makes it become the study hotspot of medicine and health care of food industry.
Platycodon root polysaccharide is a kind of synanthrin type saccharan, is the important indicator evaluating balloonflower root eating quality.Modern pharmacology research finds that platycodon root polysaccharide has a variety of biological activity, as immunomodulatory, Eradicates phlegm, anti-inflammatory, protect the liver, antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, enhancing body immunologic function and improve the effects such as Regular Insulin, therefore, for the research of platycodon root polysaccharide, will there is very high pharmaceutical use.
The purity of balloonflower root directly affects the physiological function of polysaccharide, has the extracting method of patent application disclosure platycodon root polysaccharide as follows:
CN101830999 discloses a kind of extracting method of platycodon root polysaccharide, its step is as follows: one, choose dry balloonflower root rhizome, cross 60 mesh sieves after pulverizing, add Platycodon Root and the aqueous solution respectively with the ratio of certain solid-liquid ratio 1g:20mL-1 g:20mL, 0 soaks after 1 hour with after extraction under certain microwave power, 40-70 DEG C of water-bath, obtain the extraction liquid being rich in platycodon root polysaccharide, carry out solid-liquid separation with horizontal spiral shell formula whizzer with the speed of 1500-2000r/min, isolate extracting solution and residue; Two, with sevag method (chloroform: propyl carbinol=4:1) deproteinated repeatedly, dialysis tubing is dialysed, 45-55 DEG C of vacuum rotary evaporator concentrated extracting solution; Three, in extracting solution, add the ethanolic soln of times volume after measuring solution absorbance value with phend-sulphuric acid; Four, alcohol hypostasis is separated, obtains platycodon root polysaccharide powder by vacuum-freeze-dry machine vacuum lyophilization under 0.4-0.7mbar, temperature-40 ~-50 DEG C of conditions.Above-mentioned method extracts platycodon root polysaccharide, and its extraction yield can reach 20-30%, extracts and has exceeded 15-20%, substantially increase the economic worth of the polysaccharide of balloonflower root than common water-bath.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides the extracting method of the higher platycodon root polysaccharide of a kind of yield.
The extracting method of platycodon root polysaccharide of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
An extracting method for platycodon root polysaccharide, comprises following step:
Select the balloonflower root dried, cross 40-80 mesh sieve after pulverizing, obtain balloonflower powder, add water in balloonflower powder and stir, the part by weight of balloonflower powder and water is 1:5-10, in water, soak 8-16 hour, add cellulase, the addition of cellulase is 0.5-0.9%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5, above-mentioned raw material is placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment extract, the power of microwave is 400-600W, and frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h;
Add ficin and bromeline again, the add-on of ficin is 0.2-0.6%, the add-on of bromeline is 0.2-0.5%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5.5-6.5, be placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment by above-mentioned raw material and extract, and the power of microwave is 400-600W, frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h, go out after enzymolysis enzyme 5-10min at 100-105 DEG C, obtains enzymolysis solution;
Above-mentioned enzymolysis solution is placed in vacuum concentrator to concentrate, decompression cryoconcentration, to enzymolysis solution to 1/3 of original volume, obtains balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution;
In the concentrated solution of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides, add gac, described gac accounts for the 2-6% of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution weight, stirs 0.2-0.5h, leaches gac;
Centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, supernatant liquor and precipitation is collected respectively;
Get supernatant liquid filtering to remove slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated at 60-70 DEG C, being concentrated into its concentration is 60-70%, concentrated solution adds in 1:4 ratio that 95% alcohol settling leaves standstill 10-20 hour, centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, and lyophilize to moisture content is after 4-6%, pulverize at-1-4 DEG C again, obtain soluble polysaccharide;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent that enzyme accounts for the balloonflower root after micronizing.
Preferably, the part by weight of balloonflower root and water is 1:9;
Preferably, the consumption of ficin is 0.45%;
The addition of bromeline is 0.4%.
Preferably, a kind of extracting method of platycodon root polysaccharide, the method comprises following step:
Select the balloonflower root dried, cross 60 mesh sieves after pulverizing, obtain balloonflower powder, add water in balloonflower powder and stir, the part by weight of balloonflower powder and water is 1:7, soak 10 hours in water, add cellulase, the addition of cellulase is 0.8%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5, above-mentioned raw material is placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment extract, the power of microwave is 400-600W, and frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h;
Add ficin and bromeline again, the add-on of ficin is 0.45%, the add-on of bromeline is 0.4%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 6.0, be placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment by above-mentioned raw material and extract, and the power of microwave is 500W, frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.3h, go out after enzymolysis enzyme 6min at 100 DEG C, obtains enzymolysis solution;
Above-mentioned enzymolysis solution is placed in vacuum concentrator to concentrate, decompression cryoconcentration, to enzymolysis solution to 1/3 of original volume, obtains balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution;
In the concentrated solution of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides, add gac, described gac accounts for 4% of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution weight, stirs 0.3h, leaches gac;
Centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, supernatant liquor and precipitation is collected respectively;
Get supernatant liquid filtering to remove slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated at 65 DEG C, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in 1:4 ratio that 95% alcohol settling leaves standstill 10-20 hour, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, and lyophilize to moisture content is after 5%, pulverize at-1-4 DEG C again, obtain soluble polysaccharide;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent that enzyme accounts for the balloonflower root after micronizing.
In method of the present invention, freezing and pulverizing principle freezing and pulverizing is " low temperature brittleness " that utilize material under low-temperature condition, and namely material is along with the reduction of temperature, its hardness and fragility increase, and plasticity and toughness reduce, at a certain temperature, just can be pulverized by a very little power.Through the material of freezing and pulverizing, its granularity can reach the degree of " superfine ", therefore can produce " superfine food ".
" low temperature brittleness " of material is called that the phenomenon of glass transition is closely-related with a kind of.So-called glass transition refers to that amorphous polymer there will be the change of mechanical property when temperature variation originally, forms rubbery state and vitreous state two kinds of physical conditions; And temperature changing process can produce by the transformation of rubbery state to vitreous state.When rubbery state, the toughness of material is large, and deformability is strong; And when vitreous state, greatly, deformability is very little for material hardness and fragility.In fact glass transition phenomenon and non-polymer institute peculiar, food and agricultural-food there will be Glass Transition equally.But, because the composition complicated structure of food and agricultural-food, so its glass transition is more complex, as multistage Glass Transition and devitrification transition phenomenon may be there is.Usually, we claim material to be second-order transition temperature by rubbery state to temperature required during glassy transition.According to the character of above-mentioned rubbery state and vitreous state, can think that the second-order transition temperature of material correspond to " embrittlement temperature " of material.
Therefore, the freezing and pulverizing principle of food and agricultural-food is exactly: first make low-temperature material be chilled to below second-order transition temperature or embrittlement temperature, then pulverized with pulverizer.In food and agricultural-food fast cooling process, can cause the uneven contraction in inner each position and produce internal stress, under the effect of this stress, internal batch weak part produces tiny crack and causes the bonding force of interior tissue to reduce.Internal fissure is just made to expand rapidly and broken at outside low-force.
Freezing crusher system is in crushing material process, its low-temperature receiver forms a closed circuit circulatory system, the energy is fully used, save energy consumption: the sink temperature pulverized can be down to negative 196 degree, according to the brittleness temperature temperature of material, its temperature adjustable in crushing process, select best pulverizing temperature, reduce energy consumption: smashing fineness can reach 10-700 order, even reach the fineness such as micron μ: use liquid nitrogen as grinding medium, realize pulverizing at ultralow temperature, material explosion-proof, anti-oxidationly wait net effect.
Freezing and pulverizing is applicable to polysaccharide because polysaccharide easily produces bonding, blocking and the problem such as change of properties when ambient ground, and effect and efficiency poor.
Therefore, adopt the method for freezing and pulverizing to extracting the polysaccharide obtained in the present invention, the quality maintaining polysaccharide is unaffected.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, adopts enzyme action condition gentle, adopts various different enzyme by the fat in balloonflower root, cellulase hydrolysis, from balloonflower root, extract polysaccharide simultaneously, utilize balloonflower root to greatest extent, and the polysaccharide adopting method of the present invention to obtain, its yield and purity high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, so that those skilled in the art more understands the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention.
Following detection method, if no special instructions, adopts phend-sulphuric acid to survey the content of polysaccharide.
Embodiment 1
An extracting method for platycodon root polysaccharide, the method comprises following step:
Select the balloonflower root dried, cross 60 mesh sieves after pulverizing, obtain balloonflower powder, add water in balloonflower powder and stir, the part by weight of balloonflower powder and water is 1:7, soak 10 hours in water, add cellulase, the addition of cellulase is 0.8%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5, above-mentioned raw material is placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment extract, the power of microwave is 400-600W, and frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h;
Add ficin and bromeline again, the add-on of ficin is 0.45%, the add-on of bromeline is 0.4%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 6.0, be placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment by above-mentioned raw material and extract, and the power of microwave is 500W, frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.3h, go out after enzymolysis enzyme 6min at 100 DEG C, obtains enzymolysis solution;
Above-mentioned enzymolysis solution is placed in vacuum concentrator to concentrate, decompression cryoconcentration, to enzymolysis solution to 1/3 of original volume, obtains balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution;
In the concentrated solution of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides, add gac, gac accounts for 4% of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution weight, stirs 0.3h, leaches gac;
Centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, supernatant liquor and precipitation is collected respectively;
Get supernatant liquid filtering to remove slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated at 65 DEG C, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in 1:4 ratio that 95% alcohol settling leaves standstill 10-20 hour, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, and lyophilize to moisture content is after 5%, pulverize at-1-4 DEG C again, obtain soluble polysaccharide;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent that enzyme accounts for the balloonflower root after micronizing.
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 36.44%, and purity is 94.64%.
Embodiment 2
An extracting method for platycodon root polysaccharide, the method comprises following step:
Select the balloonflower root dried, cross 40 mesh sieves after pulverizing, obtain balloonflower powder, add water in balloonflower powder and stir, the part by weight of balloonflower powder and water is 1:5, soak 8 hours in water, add cellulase, the addition of cellulase is 0.5%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5, above-mentioned raw material is placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment extract, the power of microwave is 400-600W, and frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h;
Add ficin and bromeline again, the add-on of ficin is 0.2%, the add-on of bromeline is 0.2%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5.5, be placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment by above-mentioned raw material and extract, and the power of microwave is 400W, frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.3h, go out after enzymolysis enzyme 5min at 100 DEG C, obtains enzymolysis solution;
Above-mentioned enzymolysis solution is placed in vacuum concentrator to concentrate, decompression cryoconcentration, to enzymolysis solution to 1/3 of original volume, obtains balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution;
In the concentrated solution of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides, add gac, gac accounts for 4% of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution weight, stirs 0.3h, leaches gac;
Centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, supernatant liquor and precipitation is collected respectively;
Get supernatant liquid filtering to remove slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated at 65 DEG C, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds 95% alcohol settling in 1:4 ratio and leaves standstill 10 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, and lyophilize to moisture content is after 5%, pulverize at-1-4 DEG C again, obtain soluble polysaccharide;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent that enzyme accounts for the balloonflower root after micronizing.
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 36.11%, and purity is 93.15%.
Embodiment 3
An extracting method for platycodon root polysaccharide, the method comprises following step:
Select the balloonflower root dried, cross 80 mesh sieves after pulverizing, obtain balloonflower powder, add water in balloonflower powder and stir, the part by weight of balloonflower powder and water is 1:10, soak 16 hours in water, add cellulase, the addition of cellulase is 0.9%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 5, above-mentioned raw material is placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment extract, the power of microwave is 400-600W, and frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.1-0.5h;
Add ficin and bromeline again, the add-on of ficin is 0.6%, the add-on of bromeline is 0.5%, hydrolysis temperature 45 DEG C, pH value 6.5, be placed in Microwave Extraction Equipment by above-mentioned raw material and extract, and the power of microwave is 500W, frequency is 800MHZ, enzymolysis 0.3h, go out after enzymolysis enzyme 6min at 100 DEG C, obtains enzymolysis solution;
Above-mentioned enzymolysis solution is placed in vacuum concentrator to concentrate, decompression cryoconcentration, to enzymolysis solution to 1/3 of original volume, obtains balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution;
In the concentrated solution of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides, add gac, gac accounts for 4% of balloonflower root Crude polysaccharides concentrated solution weight, stirs 0.3h, leaches gac;
Centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, supernatant liquor and precipitation is collected respectively;
Get supernatant liquid filtering to remove slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated at 65 DEG C, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds 95% alcohol settling in 1:4 ratio and leaves standstill 20 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, and lyophilize to moisture content is after about 5%, pulverize at-1-4 DEG C again, obtain soluble polysaccharide;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent that enzyme accounts for the balloonflower root after micronizing.
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 36.28%, and purity is 92.94%.