CN104214042B

CN104214042B - Vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping effective attack angle of blades

Info

Publication number: CN104214042B
Application number: CN201310213517.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李东林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-05-31
Filing date: 2013-05-31
Publication date: 2017-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-31
Also published as: CN104214042A

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping the effective attack angle of blades. The vertical axis wind turbine comprises an output shaft, a supporting frame, the blades, an attack angle adjusting device and a wind alignment device, wherein the supporting frame is fixedly connected with the output shaft and drives the output shaft to rotate, the blades are installed on the supporting frame through rotation of a rotating shaft and push the supporting frame to drive the output shaft to rotate, the attack angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the attack angle of the blades, and the wind alignment device is used for driving the attack angle adjusting device to rotate to achieve wind alignment. The attack angle adjusting device comprises at least one attack angle adjusting guide rail and at least one attack angle adjusting crank (8), wherein the attack angle adjusting guide rail is installed on the wind alignment device and is in a standard circular shape. The attack angle adjusting guide rail surrounds the axis of the output shaft. The blades are rotationally connected to the supporting frame. One end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) is fixedly connected with the blades, and the other end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) is arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail in a sliding mode. The vertical axis wind turbine can effectively increase the utilization rate of wind energy and is easy to manufacture, low in cost and convenient to maintain.

Description

Vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping effective attack angle of blade

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, in particular to a vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping an effective attack angle of a blade.

Background

Most of wind energy machines such as wind driven generators which are widely used at present are of horizontal shaft type structures, have the advantages of mature technology, simple structure, high efficiency and the like, and become main machine types of commercial operation at the present stage. However, the horizontal shaft wind energy machinery also has high blade tip speed and high noise, and is not suitable for being installed in a region with more population; the generator and the tower are in the blade scanning area, which causes the loss of the wind interception surface; the generator is arranged at a higher position, so that the cost of the bracket is increased; the motion direction of the blades is vertical to the wind direction, and the blades can only intercept wind energy once when rotating for one circle.

The wind energy machinery with the vertical shaft can overcome the defects theoretically, but has the problems of immature technical theory, complex structure, low wind energy utilization rate and the like. Structurally, most of the blade belongs to a resistance type blade structure, and the tip speed ratio is less than 1, so that the efficiency is low; although some lift type vertical axis wind turbines have been developed, their blades are fixedly mounted on a support frame as in the case of conventional drag type wind turbines. In operation, the angle of attack of the blades on the wind varies, with only about 1/3 circles producing drive torque, about 1/3 circles producing drag torque, and about 1/3 circles being over-phasing. These deficiencies are important factors affecting the efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines.

Therefore, the design of a plurality of vertical axis wind turbines with the attack angles of the blades capable of being changed in operation appears, but the blades cannot be rotated at any angle due to the small adjustment range of the attack angles; the angle of attack adjusting mechanism is complex, and the energy consumption is large and the abrasion is more during the angle of attack adjustment; some complex adjusting mechanisms such as a cam connecting rod, a gear, a motor and the like are required to be matched; and the factors of difficult production, troublesome maintenance, high running cost and the like cannot be put into use.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping an effective attack angle of a blade.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping the effective attack angle of the blade is constructed, and comprises an output shaft, a support frame which is fixedly connected with the output shaft and drives the output shaft to rotate, the blade which is rotatably arranged on the support frame and pushes the support frame to drive the output shaft to rotate, an attack angle adjusting device for adjusting the attack angle of the blade, and a wind facing device for driving the attack angle adjusting device to rotate and face wind;

the attack angle adjusting device comprises at least one attack angle adjusting guide rail which is arranged on the wind aligning device and is in a standard circular shape, and at least one attack angle adjusting crank; the attack angle adjusting guide rail is arranged around the axis of the output shaft; the blade is rotationally connected to the support frame, one end of the attack angle adjusting crank is fixedly connected with the blade, and the other end of the attack angle adjusting crank is arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail in a sliding mode; when one end of the attack angle adjusting crank slides on the attack angle adjusting guide rail, the other end drives the blade to rotate, and the attack angle adjusting angle of the blade is constant during rotation.

Preferably, the wind alignment device comprises a turntable which is rotatably arranged on the periphery of the output shaft and a wind alignment mechanism which drives the turntable to rotate; the angle of attack guide rail takes the output shaft as the center of a circle and is rotatably arranged on the turntable.

Preferably, the turntable is further provided with an attack angle adjusting mechanism for pushing the attack angle adjusting guide rail to rotate around the output shaft on the turntable, and the circle center of the attack angle adjusting guide rail is eccentrically arranged around the axis of the output shaft (1).

Preferably, the driving adjusting mechanism comprises three or more sliding columns arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail at intervals, a nut push plate arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail, a screw rod connected with the nut push plate and a motor connected with the screw rod; the rotary table is provided with an arc-shaped sliding chute corresponding to the sliding column, the arc-shaped sliding chute comprises a multi-section arc-shaped groove taking the output shaft as the center of a circle or a whole circular groove, the sliding column is correspondingly arranged in the arc-shaped sliding chute, and the sliding column is in sliding fit with the arc-shaped sliding chute; the blade is a lift type blade and comprises a round-head front end and a pointed rear end, and the round-head front edge of the blade is kept at a windward position in operation.

Preferably, the blade further comprises a rotating shaft for rotatably connecting the supporting frame, and one end of the attack angle adjusting crank is connected with the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is also rigidly connected with a lead angle auxiliary handle parallel to the chord line of the blade; and a lead angle sliding block in sliding fit with the lead angle auxiliary handle is arranged on the turntable and on one side of the attack angle adjusting guide rail.

Preferably, the at least one angle of attack guide rail comprises a first angle of attack guide rail and a second angle of attack guide rail, the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail are concave guide rails, the depth of grooves of the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail is unequal, and the circle centers of the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail are not coincident; the at least one attack angle adjusting crank comprises a first attack angle adjusting crank and a second attack angle adjusting crank which are vertical to each other, and the first attack angle adjusting crank and the second attack angle adjusting crank are respectively matched with the first attack angle adjusting guide rail and the second attack angle adjusting guide rail in a moving mode; or,

at least one transfers angle of attack guide rail to be an indent guide rail, transfer and rotationally be provided with a floating ring in the angle of attack guide rail, floating ring with transfer the angle of attack guide rail and have common centre of a circle, floating ring is last still to be provided with according to the blade number equipartition and the jack that sets up, transfer angle of attack articulate end set up in the jack and by the blade drive transfer angle of attack crank to drive floating ring and rotate together

Preferably, a flow guide device is arranged between the blades, so that the airflow after flowing through the flow guide device changes direction into a deviation airflow, the deviation airflow pushes the round ends of the blades at the downwind position of the rotating disc, and the blades at the downwind position generate driving torque.

Preferably, the flow guide device comprises an arc-shaped flow guide plate, clamping plates connected to the upper end and the lower end of the arc-shaped flow guide plate and a connecting rod; the connecting rod penetrates through the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, the lower end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the output shaft, and the upper part of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the fan aligning mechanism; the wind-aligning mechanism is a wind tail rudder; or,

the wind-driven mechanism comprises a swinging mechanism which enables the whole vertical axis wind turbine to swing along the wind, and the swinging mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve fixedly connected to one side of the rotary table and a swinging shaft with one end arranged in the shaft sleeve and the other end fixed.

Preferably, the turntable is a plane turntable, the attack angle adjusting guide rail is a plane device and is rotatably mounted on the plane turntable, the support frame is parallel to the plane turntable, and the axis of the blade is perpendicular to the support frame; or,

the axis of blade with the support frame forms certain contained angle, the blade is the V type overall arrangement, and at this moment, transfer angle of attack articulate one end and slide and set up transfer angle of attack guide rail is last, the other end through the round pin axle with the pivot of blade carries out hinged joint.

Preferably, the turntable is a spherical turntable, a sliding column on the attack angle adjusting guide rail is arranged in an arc-shaped sliding groove in the upper surface of the spherical turntable and rotates around the arc-shaped sliding groove with the output shaft as a circle center, a certain included angle is formed between the axis of each blade and the support frame, and the blades are in a V-shaped layout.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the extension section of the central axis of the blade is rigidly connected with the attack angle adjusting crank, the attack angle adjusting crank is downwards inserted into a circular attack angle adjusting guide rail to be matched in a rotating manner, and the blade can intercept wind energy twice in the rotating process. The angle of attack guide rail of the wind driven generator can be driven by the motor to change the position in time, so that the angle of attack crank and the blade are guided to swing, the angle of attack of the blade to the wind is changed, the blade can generate driving torque at most positions of the circumference, and the wind energy utilization rate is improved.

The wind turbine blade is in a streamline (or other straight blades with certain airfoil profile) section, the round-head front edge of the blade is always kept at the upwind position in the operation process, the blade can obtain a lift force type moment in the windward front and back half cycles of the working circumference skillfully, and the wind energy can be intercepted twice when the blade rotates for one cycle, so the wind turbine blade belongs to a lift force type wind turbine.

The blades are designed in a V-shaped layout, and the larger opening on the upper part of each blade can enhance the wind energy utilization rate; the lower part of the blade and the vicinity close to the rotating shaft are beneficial to installing the attack angle adjusting device and the attack angle adjusting mechanism, and the lower part of the blade is close to the rotating shaft, so that the rotating radius is reduced to the minimum, the running path is shortened, the abrasion of all parts in the attack angle adjusting device is reduced inevitably, and the design and the manufacture are simplified.

Although the wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, a device for deflecting wind is still needed. Because the blades are designed in a V-shaped layout, the attack angle adjusting crank and the attack angle adjusting guide rail are arranged on the spherical disc; the outer side of the downwind semicircle of the spherical disc is connected with the tail vane, so that the effect of deflecting the wind is achieved, and the attack angle adjusting device and the blades are guided to select the optimal wind direction position at any time.

The middle shaft of the blade is directly connected with the attack angle adjusting crank to slide on the attack angle adjusting guide rail to rotate the blade, so that the rotation freedom of the blade is large (more than 360 degrees, and the setting of any angle is met) and more accurate; from the structural analysis, no more kinematic pairs are needed. Therefore, the structure is simple, the manufacture is easy, and the cost is lower; the control is simple, the failure rate is low, and the maintenance cost is low.

Because the loads such as the generator and the like are arranged at the lowest part of the wind turbine, the supporting height is greatly reduced. Even the support frame can be eliminated, and the loads such as the generator and the like are directly installed on the top of a building or a mountain, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the maintenance is convenient.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine configuration according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine operating principle of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the wind turbine operating principle of the yaw system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a guiding auxiliary handle structure and operation principle of the wind turbine of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a movable guide crank structure of a wind turbine of the present invention linked by a pin shaft;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an H-shaped blade layout of a wind turbine according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a pictorial view of a wind turbine configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wind turbine of the present invention employing a dual angle of attack chute;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a wind turbine blade power of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a down-wind configuration of a wind turbine according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a crank roller with an angle of attack adjustable by a floating ring hinge for a wind turbine according to the present invention;

fig. 12 is a partially enlarged schematic view of portion a of fig. 11 b.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 7 are schematic structural views illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is a three-blade 4 wind turbine with a continuously variable effective attack angle vertical axis wind turbine, wherein FIG. 1a is a top view and FIG. 1b is a front view; wherein, the number of the blades 4 can be arbitrarily set according to the requirement. The wind turbine comprises blades 4, a support frame 3, an output shaft 1, an attack angle adjusting device, a wind aligning device, a flow guide device and the like.

The output shaft 1 is inserted into a frame shaft sleeve 2 to rotate independently, the upper end of the output shaft 1 is rigidly connected with a support frame 3, and the lower parts of blades 4 are arranged in a V shape through blade axes 5 and connected to the outer end of the support frame 3 through a rotating shaft; the top of the blade 4 may be provided with a stiffening ring 25 (see fig. 7), which stiffening ring 25 can act to increase the strength of the blade 4.

The airfoil section of the blade 4 is streamline, the front edge 6 of the blade 4 is a round head, and the rear part of the blade is a pointed straight blade; the camber line of the blade 4 coincides with the chord line 7 (see fig. 2), so that the blade is also called a symmetrical airfoil (or other asymmetrical airfoils which are beneficial to obtaining the same-direction moment on the upper wind semicircle and the lower wind semicircle); the blade axis 5 is arranged on a chord line 7 near the pressure center of the section of the blade 4, the lower end of the blade axis 5 is vertically and rigidly connected with an attack angle adjusting crank 8 which forms an angle of 90 degrees with the chord line 7 of the blade, and the tail end of the attack angle adjusting crank 8 is vertically downwards provided with a roller 9; and a lead angle auxiliary handle 10 (shown in figures 4 and 7) which is parallel to the blade chord line 7 (or forms an angle of 90 degrees with the attack angle adjusting crank 8) is vertically and rigidly connected to the lower end of the blade axis 5 and the upper part of the attack angle adjusting crank 8.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 7, the angle of attack adjusting device of the wind turbine of the present embodiment includes a circular angle of attack adjusting guide rail, an angle of attack adjusting crank and a driving adjusting mechanism, which are mounted on a spherical turntable 11, in the present embodiment, the angle of attack adjusting guide rail is an angle of attack adjusting chute 13, it can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the angle of attack adjusting guide rail may be an angle of attack adjusting monorail, and the corresponding angle of attack adjusting crank 8 is a claw-shaped member cooperating with the angle of attack adjusting monorail. In fig. 1a, the center of the output shaft 1 and the center 16 of the standard circular attack angle adjusting chute 13 are both eccentrically arranged; the attack angle adjusting chute 13 is rotatably arranged on the spherical turntable 11; the diameter of the attack angle adjusting chute 13 is approximately consistent with the circle drawn by the extension line of the blade axis 5 rotating on the spherical surface rotating disc 11. Because the roller 9 at the lower end of the attack angle adjusting crank 8 is arranged in the circular attack angle adjusting chute 13 to roll and rotate, the structure ensures that the blades 4 at all positions in one working circumference keep the same attack angle, and generates constant output torque. It can be seen that the spherical surface rotating disc 11 is more beneficial to adjust the angle of attack of the blades by rotating the standard circular angle-of-attack sliding chute 13 left and right, and it can be understood that in other embodiments, the spherical surface loading disc can be a conical loading disc or a plane loading disc.

The angle of attack adjusting guide rail is provided with a sliding column 40, the rotary table is provided with an arc sliding groove 41 corresponding to the sliding column 40, the arc sliding groove 41 comprises a multi-section arc groove taking the output shaft 1 as a circle center or a whole circular groove, and the sliding column 40 is correspondingly arranged in the arc sliding groove 41.

In this embodiment, 3 (or more than 3) sliding columns 40 are rigidly connected below the attack angle adjusting sliding chute 13 and on a circumference with a proper diameter taking the output shaft 1 as a circle center, and each sliding column 40 is inserted into a circumference which is arranged on the spherical surface rotating disc 11 and has the same diameter as that of the installed sliding column 40 and a corresponding arc-shaped sliding chute 41 for sliding fit; a nut push plate 17 which can be pushed (pulled) by rotating a screw 15 by a motor 14 is rigidly connected to an appropriate position on one side of the attack angle adjusting chute 13.

Because the sliding columns 40 below the attack angle adjusting sliding chute 13 and the arc-shaped sliding chutes 41 in sliding fit with the sliding columns are all arranged on the circumference with the output shaft 1 as the center and the same radius, when the motor 14 rotates the screw 15 and pushes (pulls) the nut push plate 17 to move, the attack angle adjusting sliding chute 13 can be driven to integrally rotate around the output shaft 1 (see fig. 2 a); when the position of the attack angle adjusting chute 13 is changed, the roller 9 drives the attack angle adjusting crank 8 and the blade 4 to generate a new swing angle around the blade axis 5, so that the purposes of synchronously adjusting the attack angles of the blades 4 at all positions of the working circumference and changing the torque and the rotating speed of the wind turbine are achieved.

The advantages of this structure are: the blade 4 does not need to change the angle of attack at the intersection position of the windward upper semicircle and the windward lower semicircle of one working circumference, thereby reducing the resistance brought by the change of the angle of attack of the blade, leading the operation to be stable and improving the rotating speed. Of course, the circular attack angle adjusting sliding groove 13 and the roller 9 are matched in a sliding mode by magnetic levitation technology instead to reduce the rotation resistance.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 7, the wind turbine wind alignment device in this embodiment includes a spherical turntable 11 and a wind alignment mechanism, in this embodiment, the wind alignment mechanism is a wind tail rudder 12; the flow guiding device comprises an arc-shaped flow guiding plate 20, an inverted L-shaped connecting rod 18 and a clamping plate 19. The spherical turntable 11 is sleeved outside the frame shaft sleeve 2 through a bearing and can independently rotate around the axis 1; the centre and radius of the spherical surface shape of the spherical surface turntable 11 are formed by three swing positions of the roller 9 on one cross section; the outer edge of the leeward semicircle of the spherical turntable 11 is connected with a wind tail rudder 12 which has a narrow shape and extends upwards to the upper end of the blade along the outer side of the blade 4, the horizontal upper edge of the wind tail rudder 12 is rigidly connected with an inverted L-shaped connecting rod 18, one end of the inverted L-shaped connecting rod is vertically inserted into a pit 21 which is concentric with the output shaft and is arranged above the supporting frame 3 in the direction of the center 1 of the output shaft; clamping plates 19 are arranged in the height of the blades at the vertical section of the inverted L-shaped connecting rod 18, and a plurality of arc-shaped guide plates 20 which are bent along the rotating direction of the downwind semicircular blades are embedded between the clamping plates 19. Because the lower end of the inverted L-shaped connecting rod 18 is vertically inserted into the rolling bearing of the pit 21, and the upper end is rigidly connected with the wind tail rudder 12, the guide plate 20 and the spherical surface rotary table 11 can be synchronously swung by the traction of the wind tail rudder 12 to deal with the change of the wind direction. Of course, the deflector 20 may also be adjusted in angle by other techniques such as electronic sensing, and other mounting and fixing methods, so as to reduce the weight of the tail vane or eliminate the use of L-shaped connecting rods.

Fig. 2 shows the working process of adjusting the angle of attack of the blades in 6 different positions and the angle of attack of the blades in time for 1 group of blades. Referring to fig. 2a, as the sliding column 40 is inserted into the arc-shaped sliding chute 41 to slide, when the motor 14 rotates the screw rod 15 and further pulls the nut push plate 17, the attack angle adjusting sliding chute 13 rotates counterclockwise around the output shaft 1. At the moment, under the driving of the roller 9 rolling in the attack angle adjusting chute 13, the attack angle adjusting crank 8 and the blade 4 swing around the blade axis 5, so that the attack angles of the blades 4 at all positions of the working circumference are synchronously adjusted to be larger negative attack angles, and the attack angles are about-20 degrees in the figure. At the moment, the blade 4 generates a counterclockwise driving moment on the windward half cycle (the left side of the figure 2a) of the working circumference; when the blades 4 are turned to the second half of the working circle (to the right in fig. 2a) into the wind, the blades 4 are still at the same angle of attack, which is about-20 ° in the figure. However, due to the guiding of the arc-shaped guide plate 20, the wind is changed to flow towards the rotating direction of the blades 4 (see fig. 9), and according to the aerodynamic principle, the blades 4 in the leeward semicircle also generate the counterclockwise driving moment.

As shown in fig. 2b, when the wind turbine needs to reduce the rotation speed or torque, the motor 14 rotates the screw 15 and pushes the nut pushing plate 17, so that the attack angle adjusting chute 13 rotates clockwise around the output shaft 1. At the moment, the attack angle adjusting chute 13 with the changed position guides the roller 9 and the attack angle adjusting crank 8 to drive the working circumference by taking the blade axis 5 as the center of a circle, the blade 4 generates a new swing angle, the wind attack angle of the blade 4 is properly reduced, the wind attack angles are reduced to about-12 degrees at the positions of the front and rear half circles of the working circumference, the counterclockwise moment generated by the blade 4 in the working circumference is reduced accordingly, and the rotating speed is reduced.

Therefore, the round head front edge 6 of the streamline blade 4 of the wind turbine is always kept in the windward direction, two working processes are carried out in one working circumference, the equidirectional driving torque can be generated at almost all positions of the circumference, the rotating speed and the torque can be adjusted timely according to the load requirement, the wind energy utilization rate is improved, and the requirements of different loads can be met more widely. It is shown that the blades 4 do not produce a driving torque only in the vicinity of the highest and lowest point positions in the figure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an operation of the wind turbine according to the present invention with respect to the wind device when the wind direction changes. In fig. 3a, when the wind direction is from the left side of the figure (see the solid arrow), the wind direction is parallel to the wind direction for the tail vane 12, the spherical turntable 11 is made to be stationary, the attack angle adjusting chute 13 is in a proper position, and the blade 4 has a favorable attack angle for outputting the driving torque; when the wind direction changes to the lower left corner (see the dotted arrow) of fig. 3a, the wind tail rudder 12 is pushed by wind to lift upwards, and drives the spherical surface rotary table 11, the attack angle adjusting sliding chute 13, the arc-shaped guide plate 20 and the like to rotate to the position of fig. 3b together with the output shaft 1 as the center of circle, and when the wind tail rudder 12 is parallel to the wind direction, the rotation is stopped. As can be seen from fig. 3b, although the wind direction has been shifted by about 45 ° (see solid arrow), the corresponding attack angle adjusting chutes 13 and arc-shaped deflectors 20 etc. are also rotated, but the angle of attack of the wind on the blades 4 is not changed, and the same moment is still output. Therefore, the wind turbine can automatically and accurately adapt to incoming wind in all directions, and the normal operation of the wind turbine is not influenced completely when the wind direction changes.

Of course, other structures can be adopted for the wind power mechanism, for example, fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the wind power machine adopting the downwind mode. The pair of wind mechanisms comprises a swing mechanism which enables the whole vertical axis wind turbine to swing along the wind, wherein the swing mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve 33 fixedly connected to one side of the windward edge of the rotary table and a swing shaft 34 with one end arranged in the shaft sleeve and the other end fixed. The structure omits a phoenix tail rudder, and the structure can be simplified.

FIG. 4 illustrates a guiding auxiliary handle structure and operation principle of the wind turbine of the present embodiment. When the roller 9, the blade axis 5 and the output shaft 1 are aligned when the three points of the roller 9, the blade axis 5 and the output shaft 1 are aligned as shown on the left side of fig. 4a, the roller 9 can lag or swing forwards (see an arrow) with the blade axis 5 as the axis without being constrained by the attack angle adjusting chute 13. As the blade continues to rotate forward to the lower left corner of FIG. 4a, two angles of attack may occur: the blades shown by the dotted lines in the figure are the angles formed by the forward swing of the roller 9, which is a harmful angle of attack; the solid lines in the figure show the vanes as an angle due to the hysteresis of the roller 9, which is a favorable angle of attack.

In order to overcome the defects, the blades 4 are required to be turned to a correct attack angle when the three points of the roller 9, the blade axis 5 and the output shaft 1 are in the same straight line. Namely: a lead angle auxiliary handle 10 (see fig. 4, 1 and 7) which is approximately parallel to the blade chord line 7 (or is vertical to the attack angle adjusting crank 8 and has a reasonable angle which can avoid the collinearity of three points) is vertically and rigidly connected to the lower end of the blade axis 5 and the upper surface of the attack angle adjusting crank 8, and a lead angle sliding block 22 is arranged on the spherical surface rotary table 11 and at a proper position on the edge of the attack angle adjusting sliding groove 13 and is in sliding fit with the lead angle auxiliary handle 10 (see fig. 4 b). When the blade is at a position near the straight line of the three points, the angle guiding auxiliary handle 10 is in sliding contact with the angle guiding sliding block 22, and the blade 4 is forced to swing to a proper angle due to the blocking of the angle guiding sliding block 22; when the roller 9 passes the harmful position and the angle guiding auxiliary handle 10 and the angle guiding slider 22 are out of contact, the roller 9 and the angle adjusting crank 8 again play a role of guiding the angle of attack of the blade (see the upper right corner of fig. 4a and fig. 4 b). Referring to fig. 2, the positions of the lead angle slider 22 on the left and right sides of the spherical surface turntable 11 are different.

Fig. 5 shows another design of the angle of attack adjustable crank 8 according to the present invention, wherein the angle of attack adjustable crank 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a movably connected guide crank 8. The wind turbine with the V-shaped layout blades 4 is rigidly and vertically connected with the blade axis 5 because the attack angle adjusting crank 8 ensures that the attack angle adjusting chute 13 and the like are required to be arranged on the spherical cone inclined plane approximately parallel to the attack angle adjusting crank 8, and the layout can bring inconvenience to the manufacture and installation of an attack angle adjusting device. Therefore, the rigid connection between the blade axis 5 and the attack angle adjusting crank 8 is changed into a hinge connection through a pin shaft 23; the angle of attack adjusting chute 13 is designed as a planar device and is arranged on a planar turntable 24 for working. The connecting method can lead the attack angle adjusting crank 8 to swing up and down around the pin shaft 23, and the attack angle adjusting crank 8 can still drive the blade 4 to rotate around the blade axis 5 to adjust the attack angle.

FIG. 6 is an H-shaped wind turbine with simple structure and easy manufacture. However, the diameter of the angle-of-attack adjusting chute is larger, the rotating path of the roller 9 is longer, and the abrasion of the roller 9 can be increased. If the magnetic suspension technology is adopted, the roller is in sliding fit with the attack angle adjusting sliding groove, so that the friction resistance can be reduced.

Of course, the blade layout can also be in an inverted V shape, an H shape, a U shape, a phi shape and the like.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wind turbine of the present invention using a dual angle of attack crank in conjunction with a dual angle of attack chute. FIG. 8a illustrates the operation of group 1 of blades at eight different positions of the operating circumference; the structure omits the attack angle adjusting auxiliary handle 10 and the angle guiding slide block 22, and the structure is simplified. In fig. 8, the lower end of the vane rotor shaft 5 is rigidly connected approximately vertically to two angle of attack cranks 8, which are approximately 90 ° to each other. The tail end of one attack angle adjusting crank 8 is vertically downwards provided with a higher roller 26, and the higher roller 26 is placed in a deeper attack angle adjusting chute 28 with a circle center 27 for rolling fit; the tail end of the other attack angle adjusting crank 8 is vertically downwards provided with a shorter roller 29, and the shorter roller 29 is placed in a shallower attack angle adjusting chute 31 with the circle center being 30 for rolling fit. Referring to fig. 8, the deeper attack angle adjusting chute 28 and the shallower attack angle adjusting chute 31 are integrally arranged on the spherical surface turntable 11, and are controlled by the motor to integrally rotate left and right around the output shaft 1 to adjust the attack angle of the blade 4.

Because the higher roller 26 is put into the deeper attack angle adjusting chute 28 to adjust the middle and roll, and the shorter roller 29 is put into the shallower attack angle adjusting chute 31 to roll, the high and low rollers can move in the same way and do not interfere with each other; and because the two attack angle adjusting cranks 8 mutually form about 90 degrees, if one of the rollers is in the same straight line with the blade rotating shaft 5 and the output shaft 1, the other attack angle adjusting crank 8 with the difference of about 90 degrees is necessarily in a smaller angle with the own attack angle adjusting chute, so that the blade 4 can not generate a harmful attack angle. The structure can stably and accurately control and adjust the attack angle of the blade although the attack angle adjusting auxiliary handle 10 and the angle guiding slide block 22 are not used.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine with an attack angle adjusting crank roller hinged by a floating ring, and the structure can also omit an attack angle adjusting auxiliary handle 10 and a lead angle sliding block 22, so that the structure is simplified. FIG. 11 illustrates a three-blade wind turbine configuration. Referring to fig. 11 and 12 together, a floating ring 47 having a common center with the angle of attack chute 13 and provided with insertion holes 46 according to the number of blades is arranged in the angle of attack chute 13, and more than three small wheels 48 are respectively embedded in the inner side and the outer side of the floating ring 47 to be in rolling fit with the inner wall of the angle of attack chute 13 so as to reduce the rotation resistance; of course, in other embodiments, other rotating manners, such as magnetic levitation, etc., may be used, as long as the floating ring 47 is rotatably disposed in the attack angle adjusting chute 13; each angle of attack crank 8 is provided with a roller 9 at the end and is rotatably inserted vertically downwards into a corresponding position of the insertion hole 46 on the floating ring 47. Because the roller 9 is positioned in the corresponding insertion hole 46 on the floating circular ring 47, the attack angle adjusting cranks 8 of each blade are pulled (pushed) at a constant speed mutually, so that the blades avoid harmful attack angles, and the aim of abandoning the attack angle adjusting auxiliary handle 10 and the angle guiding slide block 22 is fulfilled.

It is to be understood that the technical features of the clamping device of the above embodiments can be used in any combination without limitation.

It is to be understood that the foregoing examples, while indicating the preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and description, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping an effective attack angle of a blade is characterized by comprising an output shaft (1), a support frame (3) fixedly connected with the output shaft (1) and driving the output shaft (1) to rotate, a blade (4) rotationally mounted on the support frame (3) and pushing the support frame (3) to drive the output shaft (1) to rotate, an attack angle adjusting device for adjusting the attack angle of the blade (4), and a wind aligning device for driving the attack angle adjusting device to rotate and align wind;

the attack angle adjusting device comprises at least one attack angle adjusting guide rail which is arranged on the wind aligning device and is in a standard circular shape, and at least one attack angle adjusting crank (8); the angle of attack guide rail is arranged around the axis of the output shaft (1); the blades (4) are rotationally connected to the support frame (3), one end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) is fixedly connected with the blades (4), and the other end of the attack angle adjusting crank is slidably arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail; when one end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) slides on the attack angle adjusting guide rail, the other end drives the blade (4) to rotate, and the attack angle adjusting angle of the blade (4) is constant during rotation.

2. The wind turbine with the vertical axis capable of continuously keeping the effective attack angle of the blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind alignment device comprises a rotating disc (11) rotatably arranged on the periphery of the output shaft and a wind alignment mechanism driving the rotating disc to rotate; the angle of attack guide rail uses the output shaft (1) as the center of a circle and is rotatably arranged on the turntable.

3. The vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping effective attack angle of the blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the turntable is further provided with a driving and adjusting mechanism for pushing an attack angle adjusting guide rail to rotate around the output shaft (1) on the turntable, and the center of the attack angle adjusting guide rail is eccentrically arranged around the axis of the output shaft (1).

4. The vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping blade effective attack angle according to claim 3, wherein the driving and adjusting mechanism comprises a nut push plate (17) arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail, a screw (15) connected with the nut push plate (17), a motor (14) connected with the screw (15) and three or more sliding columns (40) arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail at intervals; an arc-shaped sliding groove (41) corresponding to the sliding column (40) is formed in the rotary table, the arc-shaped sliding groove (41) comprises a multi-section arc-shaped groove with the output shaft (1) as the center of a circle or a whole circular groove, the sliding column (40) is correspondingly arranged in the arc-shaped sliding groove (41), and the sliding column (40) is in sliding fit with the arc-shaped sliding groove (41); the blade (4) is a lift type blade and comprises a round-head front end and a pointed rear end, and the round-head front edge of the blade (4) is kept at a windward position in operation.

5. The wind turbine with the vertical axis capable of continuously keeping the effective attack angle of the blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the blade (4) further comprises a rotating shaft for rotatably connecting the supporting frame (3), and one end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) is connected with the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is also rigidly connected with a lead angle auxiliary handle (10) parallel to the chord line of the blade (4); and a lead angle sliding block (22) in sliding fit with the lead angle auxiliary handle (10) is arranged on the turntable and on one side of the lead angle adjusting guide rail.

6. The vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one angle of attack guide rail installed on the wind turbine and having a standard circular shape includes a first angle of attack guide rail and a second angle of attack guide rail, the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail are concave guide rails, the depth of the grooves of the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail are different, and the centers of the first angle of attack guide rail and the second angle of attack guide rail are not coincident; the at least one attack angle adjusting crank comprises a first attack angle adjusting crank and a second attack angle adjusting crank which are perpendicular to each other, and the first attack angle adjusting crank and the second attack angle adjusting crank are respectively matched with the first attack angle adjusting guide rail and the second attack angle adjusting guide rail in a moving mode.

7. The vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one angle of attack adjusting guide rail installed on the wind turbine and having a standard circular shape comprises a first angle of attack adjusting guide rail and a second angle of attack adjusting guide rail, the at least one angle of attack adjusting guide rail is a concave guide rail, a floating ring (47) is rotatably installed in the angle of attack adjusting guide rail, the floating ring (47) and the angle of attack adjusting guide rail have a common center, the floating ring (47) is further provided with insertion holes (46) equally divided according to the number of the blades, and the tail end of the angle of attack adjusting crank (8) is installed in the insertion holes (46) and the blade drives the angle of attack adjusting crank (8) to drive the floating ring (47) to rotate together.

8. The wind turbine as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a guiding device is disposed between the blades to redirect the airflow passing through the guiding device into a deflected airflow, and the deflected airflow pushes the rounded end of the blade at the leeward position of the turntable and generates a driving moment for the blade at the leeward position.

9. The wind turbine with the vertical axis capable of continuously keeping the effective attack angle of the blades as claimed in claim 8, wherein the flow guiding device comprises an arc-shaped flow guiding plate (20), a clamping plate (19) connected to the upper end and the lower end of the arc-shaped flow guiding plate and a connecting rod; the connecting rod penetrates through the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate (19), the lower end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the output shaft (1), and the upper part of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the fan aligning mechanism; the wind-aligning mechanism is a wind tail rudder (12); or,

the wind-driven mechanism comprises a swinging mechanism which enables the whole vertical axis wind turbine to swing along the wind, and the swinging mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve (33) fixedly connected to one side of the rotary table and a swinging shaft (34) with one end arranged in the shaft sleeve and the other end fixed.

10. The vertical axis wind turbine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the turntable is a planar turntable, the angle of attack adjusting guide rail is a planar device and is rotatably mounted on the planar turntable, the support frame (3) is parallel to the planar turntable, and the axis (5) of the blade (4) is perpendicular to the support frame (3).

11. The vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping effective attack angle of blades as claimed in claim 5, wherein the turntable is a planar turntable, the attack angle adjusting guide rail is a planar device and is rotatably installed on the planar turntable, the support frame (3) is parallel to the planar turntable, a certain included angle is formed between the axis (5) of the blade (4) and the support frame (3), the blade (4) is in a V-shaped layout, at this time, one end of the attack angle adjusting crank (8) is slidably arranged on the attack angle adjusting guide rail, and the other end of the attack angle adjusting crank is hinged to the rotating shaft of the blade through a pin shaft (23).

12. The vertical axis wind turbine capable of continuously keeping effective attack angle of blades as claimed in claim 5, wherein the turntable is a spherical turntable (11), the sliding columns (40) on the attack angle adjusting guide rails are arranged in arc-shaped sliding grooves (41) on the upper surface of the spherical turntable and rotate around the arc-shaped sliding grooves (41) with the output shaft (1) as the center, the axes of the blades form a certain included angle with the supporting frame, and the blades are arranged in a V-shaped manner.