CN102305182A - Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with support bars with variable pitch angle blades - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with support bars with variable pitch angle blades. The VAWT comprises a main shaft which is vertically arranged, wherein the blades and the main shaft are arranged in parallel; the support bars are in rigid connection with the blades and the main shaft respectively; and paddles are arranged horizontally and are sheathed on the support bars. The VAWT is characterized in that the paddles are connected with a paddle rotation control mechanism. The VAWT provided by the invention has the advantages that the power output is effectively improved and the service life is prolonged.

Description

A vertical axis wind turbine with a support pole and blades with variable pitch angles

technical field

The invention relates to the field of wind power generation, in particular to a vertical axis wind power generator that utilizes blades with variable pitch angles on a horizontal support bar of a vertical axis wind power generator to generate lift during operation and slow down the friction caused by the gravity of the rotating part and wear of parts. dynamo. the

Background technique:

Wind power is a renewable energy that is developed earlier, widely used, and more mature in technology among new energy sources. Wind turbines mainly include horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. Compared with the horizontal axis wind turbine, the rotation axis of the vertical axis wind turbine impeller is perpendicular to the ground surface and the incoming wind direction. It has several outstanding advantages: first, the structure of the wind turbine tower is simple; second, the generator drive The mechanism and control mechanism are installed on the ground or at low altitude; the third is that the blades are easy to manufacture and the cost is low; the fourth is that the operation of the impeller is not affected by the wind direction. the

At present, vertical axis wind turbines are mainly divided into four types according to the composition of fan airfoils: Savonius type, Darrieus type, H-rotor type and turbine type. Regardless of the type of vertical axis wind turbine, the weight of the entire rotor acts on the bearings of the rotor during the operation of the fan, which greatly increases the frictional resistance during the operation of the rotor and reduces the performance of the wind turbine; The load aggravates the bearing wear. During the 20-year service life of the wind turbine, the frequent replacement of the bearing greatly increases the maintenance cost of the wind turbine, prolongs the shutdown time of the wind turbine, and reduces the energy output. the

Searching the prior art literature found that in order to solve this problem, someone proposed to introduce the magnetic levitation technology into the design of the vertical axis wind power generator, such as Lin Xiupeng's disclosed invention patent "Magnetic Levitation Reduced Gravity Friction Vertical Axis Wind Power Generator" (application number: 200810016203 ), Wang Yuyan's "Magnetic Levitation Vertical Axis Windmill" (application number: 200810026780), Lin Wenqi's "A Vertical Axis Magnetic Levitation Wind Power Generator" (application number: 201010273382), etc., basically all use the same-sex magnetic poles to repel each other. The rotor "floats", so that the rotating part of the wind turbine has no mechanical contact with the stationary part, thereby reducing the friction of the bearing and the wear of the parts. However, the manufacturing cost of the magnetic levitation device is expensive, and the complexity of the mechanism will inevitably lead to an increase in the maintenance cost. The utility model patent "Support Rod of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine" published by Shen Zhenhua (application number: 200920287376.X) is to make the cross-section of the support rod into an airfoil shape, select the airfoil with the lift-drag ratio as high as possible, and adjust it appropriately the installation angle. When the support rod rotates, it generates lift and reduces the load on the rotor bearing. However, this patent does not take into account that in the incoming wind speed of the horizontal rotor, the absolute speed of the blade running against the wind increases, and the absolute speed of the blade running downwind decreases. Fixed horizontal blades will generate uneven lift on both sides of the main shaft, without corresponding compensation, the lift ratio can reach 5:1. This periodic lift change not only makes the wind turbine fuselage tilt to one side, but also the periodically changing lift and drag of each blade produces a strong torque on the connection between the blade and the main shaft, which greatly accelerates the fatigue damage of these parts . the

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wind power generator, which can make the rotating part of the wind power generator generate a steady lift during the working process, and slow down the friction caused by the gravity of the rotating part and the wear of parts. the

Adopt following technical scheme in order to realize above-mentioned invention object:

A vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on a support rod, including a vertically arranged main shaft, the blades are arranged parallel to the main shaft, the support rods are respectively rigidly connected to the blades and the main shaft, and the horizontally arranged blades are sleeved on the support rods, It is characterized in that the paddle is connected with the paddle rotation control mechanism. the

The aforesaid vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the upper and lower ends of each blade and the main shaft are respectively provided with support rods and blades, which are respectively the upper blade and the lower blade The bottom of the lower blade is provided with a chassis, and the blade rotation control mechanism includes a roller installed at the trailing edge of the lower blade root. The roller is connected with the lower blade through a transmission rod, and the vertical thin rods pass through The trailing edge of the upper blade and the lower blade is provided with a roller track on the upper surface of the chassis, and the rollers move on the roller track, and each point on the roller track is not on the same horizontal plane. the

The above-mentioned vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the roller track includes arc-shaped grooves and arc-shaped bosses arranged on the same circumference of the chassis. the

The above-mentioned vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the arc-shaped groove and the arc-shaped boss are arranged symmetrically with the center of the circle as the symmetrical point. the

The above-mentioned vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the arc-shaped groove 62 and the arc-shaped boss are arranged in one set. the

The above-mentioned vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the distance change between the upper surface of the arc-shaped groove and the arc-shaped boss and the chassis surface is consistent with the change of the angle of attack, The width of the arc-shaped groove is greater than the width of the arc-shaped boss. the

The aforementioned vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: a spring is provided under the upper blade of the thin rod, and a blade rotating device is arranged on the support rod (3) limit (11). the

The aforesaid vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that it also includes an upwind vane and a downwind vane, which are respectively fixedly connected to the bearing and the chassis at the top of the main shaft through a horizontal connecting rod, and the upwind vane It is fixedly connected with the leeward vane by a vertical connecting rod. the

The aforementioned vertical axis wind turbine with variable pitch angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the distance between the upwind vane and the downwind vane is greater than the length of the blades, and the arm length of the horizontal connecting rod is greater than the radius of rotation of the blades. the

The aforesaid vertical-axis wind-driven generator with variable-pitch-angle blades on the support rod is characterized in that: the blades and paddles are made of carbon-based composite materials, and the upwind vane and downwind vane are made of light, high-strength, corrosion-resistant plastics Plates, support rods and rollers are made of stainless steel, chassis and bearing sleeves are made of 45 steel or A3 steel. the

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention makes full use of the horizontal support bar of the vertical axis wind power generator, installs blades with variable pitch angles, the blades rotate with the wind wheel to generate lift, and the accompanying resistance distance is equivalent to the support when no horizontal blades are installed The resistance distance generated by the rod can slow down the friction force and the wear of key parts due to the gravity of the rotating part of the fan. The structure of the device is simple, the cost is lower than that of the magnetic levitation technology, and it is also convenient for maintenance and installation, which effectively improves the power output of the vertical axis wind turbine and prolongs the service life of the wind turbine. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the positive isometric view of the vertical axis wind-driven generator of support bar band variable pitch angle blade of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the plan view of the vertical axis wind-driven generator of the present invention strut band variable pitch angle blade;

Fig. 3 (a), 3 (b) are the vertical axis wind-driven generator horizontal blade airfoil schematic diagrams of lift resistance of support bar band variable pitch angle blade of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single horizontal blade of a vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support bar of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the chassis of the vertical axis wind-driven generator with the blades of variable pitch angle on the support bar of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of rollers in a vertical-axis wind-driven generator with variable pitch angle blades on the support bar of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the "I"-shaped roller of the vertical axis wind turbine with the blades of the support bar with variable pitch angle in the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vertical axis wind turbine horizontal blade support rod and the upper blade of the vertical axis wind turbine with the blade of the support rod of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the contact between the roller and the bottom plate of the vertical axis wind turbine with the blades of the support rod and the blades of variable pitch according to the present invention. the

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. the

A vertical axis wind power generator with a support rod with variable pitch angle blades of the present invention comprises a vertically arranged main shaft 1, four lift-type blades 2 are arranged parallel to the main shaft 1, and eight support rods 3 are respectively rigid to the blades and the main shaft. Connected, the paddle 4 arranged horizontally is sleeved on the support rod 3, and the paddle 4 is connected with the paddle rotation control mechanism. At the upper and lower ends of each blade 2 and the main shaft 1, a support rod 3 and a blade 4 are respectively arranged, which are respectively an upper blade and a lower blade, and a chassis 6 is arranged below the lower blade, and the blade rotation control mechanism Including the roller 5 installed at the trailing edge of the blade root of the lower blade, the roller 5 is connected with the lower blade through a transmission rod 8, and the vertically arranged thin rod 9 passes through the leading edge of the upper blade 41 and the lower blade 42 respectively, The upper surface of the chassis 6 is provided with a roller track 61 on which the roller 5 moves, and each point on the roller track 61 is not on the same horizontal plane. The blade 3 rotates to different positions following the blade 2 to automatically change the angle of attack periodically. When the blade 2 rotates against the wind, the angle of attack of the blade 4 on the connecting rod decreases. When the blade 2 rotates with the wind, the angle of attack of the blade 4 increases. , the whole rotating part will "float" upwards with the contact point of the roller 5 and the chassis 6 as the supporting point. the

A spring 10 is provided below the upper paddle 41 of the thin rod 9 to make the two paddles on the same vertical blade move in the same state, and a paddle rotation device limiter 11 is provided on the support rod 3 . the

The roller track 61 includes an arc-shaped groove 62 and an arc-shaped boss 63 arranged on the same circumference of the chassis 6, and the arc-shaped groove 62 and the arc-shaped boss 63 are arranged symmetrically with the center of the circle as a symmetrical point , and set a group. the

The size of the arc-shaped groove 62 and the arc-shaped boss 63 of the chassis should be designed according to the angle of attack required by the blade in operation, and the chassis rotates independently, and the orientation is adjusted by the wind vane, so that the horizontal blade can move freely in any wind direction. The angle of attack decreases when running against the wind, and increases when running with the wind. the

Further, the present invention also includes an upwind vane 71 and a downwind vane 72, which are respectively fixedly connected to the bearing and the chassis 6 at the top of the main shaft 1 through a horizontal connecting rod 73, and between the upwind vane 71 and the downwind vane 72 through a vertical connecting rod 74 Fixed connection. The distance between the upwind vane 71 and the downwind vane 72 is greater than the length of the blade 2, and the arm length of the horizontal connecting rod 73 is greater than the blade radius of rotation. the

Further, the blade 2 and the paddle 4 are made of carbon-based composite materials, the upwind vane and the downwind vane 72 are made of lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant plastic plates, the support rod 3 and the rollers are made of stainless steel, and the chassis and bearings The cover is made of 45 steel or A3 steel. the

Specific embodiment one: as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is a kind of vertical axis wind power generator with variable pitch angle blade of support bar, calculate its rotating part (comprising vertical blade, support bar, horizontal blade, generator Rotor) gravity G, calculate the resistance distance M _f generated by the connecting rod at the rated speed and wind speed when the vertical axis wind turbine is not equipped with horizontal blades.

Specific implementation mode two: select the airfoil with higher lift-to-drag ratio characteristics for designing the horizontal blade, in the incoming wind speed, the airflow velocity on the upper surface of the airfoil is higher, and the airflow velocity on the lower surface is lower, forming a surrounding airfoil Flowing circulation. According to Bernoulli's theory, the circulation causes the pressure on the upper surface of the airfoil to be lower than the ambient air pressure, and the pressure on the lower surface to be higher than the ambient air pressure, as shown in Figure 3(a), so that the lift resistance generated by the airfoil surface is shown in Figure 3(b) . the

Specific implementation method three: the chord length and twist angle distribution of the airfoil at the rated linear velocity V _rate = r w ₀ is designed by the aerodynamic theory, so that the designed 8 horizontal blades are at this speed The vertical lift force F _L =G generated under (the angle of attack in the theoretical calculation is constant), and the drag distance M _D =M _f generated by the drag force F _D on the main shaft. Combined with the size of the designed wind turbine, the absolute speed distribution of the horizontal blades traveling against the wind is calculated as: V _rel = V _rate + V ₀ , and the absolute speed distribution of the horizontal blades traveling downwind is: V _rel = V _rate -V ₀ , where, V _rel is the distribution of the absolute speed on the horizontal blade with radius r, w ₀ is the rated speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, and V ₀ is the rated wind speed. Set the change of the angle of attack α of the horizontal blade at different azimuths in the incoming wind speed, so that the lift generated by the horizontal blade at different azimuths is consistent.

Specific implementation method four: select the cross-sectional airfoil of the horizontal blade near the main shaft, drill a through hole at the aerodynamic center of its chord length 1/4 from the leading edge as shown in Figure 4, insert the support rod, and the resultant aerodynamic lift force F on the surface of the blade _L acts on the hole, and the gravity G of the rotating part of the wind turbine also acts on the hole. The two forces are in opposite directions and act on the same straight line. At the same time, the pitching moment synthesized on the hole makes the horizontal blade "float" upward with the contact point between the roller and the chassis as the fulcrum.

Embodiment 5: According to the change distribution of the angle of attack α in different azimuths when the above-mentioned horizontal blade is running, a chassis with grooves and bosses is designed as shown in Figure 5 . The change of the distance between the upper surface of the groove and the boss and the surface of the chassis is consistent with the change of the angle of attack α, and the width of the groove is greater than the width of the boss. the

Specific embodiment six: Design the roller device according to the height of the support rod and the size of the groove and the boss. The roller device is fixed at the trailing edge of the airfoil. The axis of the roller shaft forms a certain angle with the support rod, and the axis points to the center of the main shaft, as shown in the figure 6. The structure of the roller is similar to that of a train wheel, and the section is "I" shaped. When it is on the boss, the edge of the roller just catches the boss. When it is in the groove, the edge of the groove just wraps the roller to play a limiting role, as shown in Figure 7. Show. the

Embodiment 7: The upper and lower horizontal blades connected to the same vertical blade are connected by a thin rod at the rear edge near the main shaft, so that the two blades run to the same position and the angle of attack changes in the same way, and a spring is arranged at the connection. Alleviate the vibration of the horizontal rotor during operation, and set a limit device on the support rod to make the horizontal blade rotate within the set angle of attack α, as shown in Figure 8. the

Embodiment 8: The chassis with grooves and bosses is designed as an independent rotating body, and its movement mode is not affected by the upper rotating part. A flexible rotating bearing is arranged on the top of the main shaft, and the bearing and the lower chassis are fixedly connected to the main shaft. There are two parallel horizontal connecting rods, and two wind vanes are fixed at the upper and lower horizontal connecting rods, as shown in Figure 1. When the wind direction changes, the impeller of the wind turbine continues to rotate without being affected by the wind direction. The wind vane generates torque on the chassis through the horizontal connecting rod under the action of the wind to adjust the orientation of the chassis and keep the rollers at the tail of the blade rolling in the groove when the blade is running against the wind. , when running downwind, the roller rolls on the boss to realize the function of automatically adjusting the angle of attack of the horizontal blade. The partial schematic diagram of the rolling is shown in Figure 9. the

Nine specific implementation methods: combining theory with experiments, constantly adjusting the joint points and dimensions of the above devices, so that when the blade is running, the contact point between the roller and the chassis is always used as the support point, and the leading edge of the blade is affected by the vertical upward force Drive the rotating part to "float" to reduce the friction and wear caused by its gravity on the bearing. the

Claims (10)

1. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a strut band feather angle blade; Comprise vertically disposed main shaft (1); Blade (2) laterally arranges with main shaft (1); Strut (3) is rigidly connected with blade, main shaft respectively; Horizontally disposed blade (4) is enclosed within on the strut (3), it is characterized in that: blade (4) links to each other with the blade rotation controling mechanism.

2. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of support bar band feather according to claim 1 angle blade; It is characterized in that: the two ends up and down at every blade (2) and main shaft (1) are respectively arranged with support bar (3) and blade (4); Be respectively blade and following blade; The below of following blade is provided with chassis (6); Said blade rotation controling mechanism comprises the roller (5) that is installed in down blade blade root trailing edge place; Roller (5) links to each other with following blade by a drive link (8); Vertically disposed thin bar (9) passes the trailing edge of blade (41) and following blade (42) respectively; (6) upper surface is provided with roller track (61) on the chassis; Roller (5) is gone up motion at roller track (61), and said roller track (61) is gone up each point not on same horizontal plane.

3. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 2 angle blade, it is characterized in that: said roller track (61) comprises circular groove on same circumference (62) and the arc cam (63) that is arranged at chassis (6).

4. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 3 angle blade, it is characterized in that: said circular groove (62) and arc cam (63) are that symmetric points are symmetrical set with the center of circle.

5. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 3 angle blade is characterized in that: said circular groove (62 and arc cam (63) be provided with one group.

6. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 3 angle blade; It is characterized in that: the change of distance of circular groove and arc cam upper surface and chassis card is consistent with respect to angle of attack variation, and the circular groove width is greater than the arc cam width.

7. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 2 angle blade is characterized in that: the place, last blade (41) below at thin bar (9) is provided with spring (10), and strut (3) is provided with blade slewing gear spacing (11).

8. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 1 angle blade; It is characterized in that: also comprise upwind mark (71) and following wind vane (72); And be fixedly connected with bearing, chassis (6) on main shaft (1) top respectively with through horizontal brace rod (73), be fixedly connected through vertical connecting rod (74) between upwind mark (71) and the following wind vane (72).

9. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 8 angle blade; It is characterized in that: the distance between upwind mark (71) and the following wind vane (72) is greater than the length of blade (2), and the brachium of horizontal brace rod (73) is greater than the blade turning radius.

10. the vertical axis aerogenerator of a kind of strut band feather according to claim 1 angle blade; It is characterized in that: blade (2) and blade (4) are processed by C-base composte material; Upwind mark and following wind vane (72) are processed by lightweight, high tenacity, corrosion-resistant plastic plate; Strut (3) and roller adopt stainless steel to process, and chassis and bearing housing select for use 45 steel or A3 steel to process.

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