CN104186909B - Fresh tobacco leaf while the method for obtaining organic fertilizer and bioprotein are not applied to using the biological treatment of chrysomyia megacephala larva - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein at the same time by biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with Chrysocephala macrocephala larvae. The present invention matches auxiliary materials such as unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves and fish meal, and guarantees the growth effect of Chrysocephala chinensis on the basis of scientific biological treatment of unsuitable tobacco leaves, and finally collects pure larvae and breeding residues respectively to obtain nicotine-free biological protein and organic fertilizers. For each treatment of 10 tons of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, about 3-4 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers can be produced, and about 0.8-1.2 tons of nicotine-free biological protein can realize efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves and turn "waste" into precious. The invention occupies less space, can be reused, and does not change the nature of the land. The invention only needs to chop or crush the tobacco leaves to 2-3 cm, which significantly reduces the cost of crushing. The processing process consumes less energy and emits less. Fertilizer and bio protein can increase profits.

Description

Obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of tobacco industry and bio-environmental protection technology, and more specifically relates to a method for obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein simultaneously by biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with Chrysocephala botany larvae.

Background technique

Not Applicable Fresh tobacco leaves refer to the bottom two tobacco leaves (not including the two tire leaves) that are insufficiently illuminated, stunted, have many lesions, the length does not meet the requirements, and the quality is poor after baking; stunted, poorly opened , less than 35cm in length, more diseased spots, and a piece of top leaf with poor quality after roasting is low-grade tobacco leaves, upper tobacco leaves, etc. Once the unapplicable tobacco leaves enter the barn, it will not only cause unnecessary waste of tobacco farmers for tobacco weaving, furnace loading, curing, grading and fuel, and increase ineffective investment, but also cause low-grade tobacco leaves to be mixed with high-grade tobacco leaves, affecting the grade purity and quality of tobacco leaves Rate.

According to the spirit of the State Tobacco Administration on optimizing the structure of tobacco and improving the effective supply of high-quality raw materials, each tobacco planting area began to digest and process unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves in the field, and achieved good results. The grade structure of tobacco leaves was improved, and the middle and upper grades The proportion of cigarette output has been increased, which has been unanimously welcomed by counterpart industrial enterprises.

At present, various tobacco growing areas mainly adopt the method of centralized landfill and retting to deal with unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves. However, this technology has a long treatment cycle and produces a large amount of waste gas, waste residue and waste liquid during the period. The follow-up treatment is difficult and seriously pollutes the local agricultural ecology. The environment and the physical and mental health of residents. Therefore be badly in need of finding a kind of bio-environmental protection technology without secondary pollution to carry out biological treatment to inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves.

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) is a holometabolous insect belonging to Diptera, Calliphoridae, and Chrysomya. Adults are fat, with red compound eyes and green or blue body. They are widely distributed all over the world. Larva maggot style. The life cycle of Chrysocephalus chinensis is very short, and the growth period of its larvae is 5 days at 28 ^o C.

The Chinese patent application with application number 201310060956.6 discloses a kind of domestic fly processing unsuitable tobacco leaves to obtain biological protein feed. Crush fresh unsuitable tobacco leaves to 1-5 mm, add bran, bran, feather powder and hemoglobin powder to prepare compost, inoculate housefly eggs, hatch larvae to transform compost, and directly dry the ferment containing housefly larvae The compost is prepared into feed. The selection and addition of auxiliary materials play a key role in the quality of biological protein feed. The application must use materials such as feather powder and blood globulin powder. It is also required to crush unsuitable tobacco leaves to 1-5mm. The use of special-purpose equipment and energy consumption are greatly limited in actual production and application. Because the prepared biological protein feed uses a large proportion of tobacco leaves, there may be a relatively high nicotine content in the biological protein feed.

At present, there is no technical report on the biological treatment of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves by Chrysanthemum macrocephala.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf disposal technology, and provide a method for biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with Chrysocephala macrocephala larvae. The larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala were used to biotransform unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves to remove the pollution of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves.

Based on the method, the present invention provides a formula of culture material for Chrysocephala larvae, which can produce Chrysalis macrocephala biological protein and high-quality bio-organic fertilizer while disposing of unsuitable tobacco leaves, so as to realize efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, and become "Waste" is treasure.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein at the same time by biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with Chrysocephala macrocephala larvae. The unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments and auxiliary materials are evenly stirred to prepare compost, and the compost is added to the Chrysocephala eggs, hatched Chrysocephala larvae biotransform the compost, transform unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves and auxiliary materials into bio-organic fertilizers, and the larvae of Chrysocephala grow into mature maggots of Chrysocephala, harvesting biological protein;

The auxiliary material is a mixture of fish meal, bran powder and sawdust; the mass ratio of the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments to fish meal, bran powder and sawdust is 60-85:5:5:5;

The particle size of the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments is 2-3 cm.

The auxiliary material may also include bran, and the mass ratio of the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments to fish meal, bran powder, sawdust and bran is 60-85:5:5:5:0-25.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments to fish meal, bran powder, sawdust and bran is 65:5:5:5:20.

Preferably, the surface where Chrysocephala eggs are inserted on the surface of the compost refers to a depth ≤ 1 cm.

As an optional scheme, the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf compost consists of the following components in mass percentage:

Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 60-85%;

Bran 0～25%

Bran powder 5%;

Sawdust 5%;

Fishmeal 5%.

Preferably, the density of the eggs of Chrysocephala grandis into the compost is: 0.2-2 g of the eggs of Chrysocephala per kg of compost.

As a technical optimization scheme, the thickness of the compost is 6-10cm.

Preferably, the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves are chopped into fragments with a particle size of 2-3 cm.

Specifically, the inventive method comprises the following steps:

S1. Collect unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, chop them up, add auxiliary materials and stir evenly, and prepare culture materials;

S2. Insert the eggs of Chrysocephala macrocephala on the surface of the compost described in S1;

S3. Chrysocephala ova hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to biotransform compost;

S4. After feeding on Chrysocephala larvae for 4 to 5 days, the compost is transformed into bio-organic fertilizer; the larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala reach maturity.

The fresh base of the bio-organic fertilizer obtained in the present invention is dark brown, the water content is 40-60%, the material is loose and odorless, and its organic matter content, total nutrients (N, P, K total content), water content and five items are detected after drying. The heavy metal content has reached the corresponding technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, under the temperature condition of 25-35°C, the eggs of Chrysocephala macrocephala hatch into larvae on the 2nd day, and the biotransformation of the compost begins. During the growth of Chrysocephala larvae, the compost is gradually fermented and heated up. After 4-5 days of feeding by Chrysocephala botany larvae, the compost turns dark brown, the water content drops to 40-60%, and the material is loose and odorless. After drying, the organic matter content and total nutrients (N, P, K total Content), water content and five heavy metal contents, etc., have all reached the corresponding technical indicators of the national bio-organic fertilizer. At this time, the larvae of Chrysocephalus chinensis have reached the mature state, and they climb out of the compost one after another, looking for a dry and dark place to pupate. A larger container can be placed outside the culture container 1 day before the golden fly maggot is mature, and dry bran powder can be sprinkled therein to collect the golden fly maggot conveniently. Therefore, based on the method of the present invention, while disposing of unsuitable tobacco leaves, not only high-quality bio-organic fertilizers can be obtained, but also biological proteins such as Chrysalis maggots can be obtained. The crude protein content is about 50%, and the obtained biological proteins basically do not contain nicotine.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The existing technology in the art is not applicable to tobacco leaves, and is either designed to obtain a mixed biological feed mixed with insect larvae, or can only obtain insect larvae and insect droppings. Therefore, there are basically two schemes in the prior art, one is to crush the tobacco leaves very finely (1-5 mm), and finally dry the housefly maggots and the leftovers from cultivation to prepare composite biological protein powder, but this method can obtain The biological protein powder contains nicotine; the other needs to homogenize unsuitable tobacco leaves, mix auxiliary materials, heat, stir and cool, then make shaped feed to feed insects, and finally obtain insect larvae and insect droppings. Regardless of whether it is crushing unsuitable tobacco leaves to the millimeter level or homogenizing and heating treatment, in actual operation, the scalability is greatly limited, and the cost of crushing and homogenizing treatment remains high.

The present invention completely changes the technical idea and compost formula of the prior art, successfully utilizes Chrysocephala maggots to biologically treat unsuitable tobacco leaves, and ensures the stable growth of Chrysocephala chinensis on the basis of scientific biological treatment of unsuitable tobacco leaves, and obtains stable and uniform Better growth effect, individual larvae are uniform and vigorous, and can also significantly promote the biological treatment effect of unsuitable tobacco leaves. Finally, pure larvae (biological protein) and breeding residues (organic fertilizer) are collected separately. Therefore, The present invention only needs to chop or pulverize the tobacco leaves to 2-3 cm, reasonably adjust the combination of auxiliary materials, which is proved to be effective by actual production, and can at least significantly reduce the cost of pulverization.

Furthermore, through the design of the present invention, the obtained biological protein does not contain nicotine, and has a wider range of applications.

On the basis of the overall design idea of the present invention, it is found through a large number of long-term experiments that the protein contained in feather powder and blood globulin powder is mainly keratin protein, and the digestion and absorption rate of these two protein powders and their related combinations by golden fly is not good. , It has a good digestion and absorption rate for fishmeal. Therefore, the present invention uses a small amount of fish meal in the formula to significantly improve the growth effect of Chrysocephala larvae, and the individual Chrysocephala larvae obtained by processing the formula of the present invention are uniform and vigorous, and the biological treatment effect of unsuitable tobacco leaves is also significantly promoted. effect. Failure to use appropriate proportions of fishmeal may result in slow growth of Chrysocephala larvae, and biological treatment that does not apply to fresh tobacco leaves is ineffective. If feather powder and blood globulin powder are used with reference to the prior art, their consumption in the formula is relatively large to provide sufficient nutrition and increase costs. The present invention significantly reduces the addition ratio of exogenous protein powder. Under the condition of the amount of source protein powder, the relative proportion of unsuitable tobacco leaves is correspondingly increased, the biological treatment capacity is enhanced, and the pollution of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves is removed.

Its crude protein content of the obtained Chrysalis macrocephala biological protein of the present invention is about 50%, adopts the method of the present invention to process 10 tons of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves every time, can produce about 3～4 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers, about 0.8 tons of fresh Chrysalis macrocephala. ~1.2 tons, realizing efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, turning "waste" into treasure. The invention has strong processing ability, and after treatment, the capacity of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves is reduced by 60-70%; unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves cleared on the same day can be processed every day, and is suitable for various tobacco production enterprises; the method of the invention can be used to treat unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves The speed is faster than microbial composting. It only takes 4 to 5 days to process a batch of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves to convert a large amount of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, and its nutrient content reaches the national bio-organic fertilizer technologies. index.

The invention occupies less space, can be reused, does not change the nature of the land, has low energy consumption in the treatment process, less discharge, low treatment cost, and the simultaneous production of bio-organic fertilizer and bio-protein can increase profits.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. For the convenience of description, the bran, bran powder (rice bran powder) and fish meal used in the examples of the present invention are all feed grade, purchased from ordinary feed stores, and the sawdust is miscellaneous wood chips (dried) produced by ordinary woodware factories, containing The water content is ≤12%; the bran is passed through a 6-mesh sieve, and the bran powder, sawdust and fish meal are passed through a 20-mesh sieve. The fish meal can also be imported from Peru or Chile. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can also use the adjuvant from other sources.

Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, equipment and methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventionally used raw materials, equipment and methods in the art.

Example 1

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost mentioned in S1 is shown in Table 1:

Table 1

raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 60 bran 25 bran powder 5 sawdust 5 fish meal 5

S2. The compost is poured into the container, the compost is 6cm thick, and an appropriate amount of Chrysocephala macrocephala ovum is inserted on the surface of the compost, and the egg density is: 0.2g Chrysophora macrocephala ovum/kg compost;

S3. The eggs of Chrysocephala cerevisiae hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. During the transformation process, the humidity of the compost was maintained at about 60%. On the 4th day, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry rice bran powder was sprinkled in it to facilitate the collection of mature golden fly maggots. After feeding for 5 days, the larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala have reached maturity, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested Chrysocephala macrocephala was about 50% and did not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose, has no smoke smell, and can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying or drying. The indicators are shown in Table 2:

Table 2

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

comparative example

Crush the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into powders with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and prepare the culture material according to 65% of unsuitable tobacco leaf powder, 20% of bran, 5% of bran, 5% of feather powder, and 5% of hemoglobin powder, and other Referring to Example 1, the eggs of Chrysocephala macrocephala were inserted, and the eggs of Chrysocephala macrocephala hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. Chrysocephala larvae grow slowly, and after about 8 days of feeding, some Chrysocephala larvae gradually climb out of the compost and fall into larger containers, but the individuals are small and cannot pupate normally (that is, they have not reached the mature state). This comparative example is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves per 10 tons of processing, and can produce about 4 to 5 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers, and about 0.4 to 0.6 tons of fresh golden fly maggots.

Example 2

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost mentioned in S1 is shown in Table 3:

table 3

raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 75 bran 10 bran powder 5 sawdust 5 fish meal 5

S2. Pour the culture material into the container, the culture material is 8cm thick, and insert an appropriate amount of Chrysophora macrocephala ovum on the surface of the culture material, and the density of the eggs is: 1.0g Chrysocephala macrocephala ovum/kg culture material;

S3. The eggs of Chrysocephala cerevisiae hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. During the transformation process, the humidity of the compost was maintained at about 60%. On the 4th day, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry rice bran powder was sprinkled in it to facilitate the collection of mature golden fly maggots. After feeding for 5 days, the larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala have reached maturity, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested Chrysocephala macrocephala was about 50% and did not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose, has no smoke smell, and can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying or drying. The indicators are shown in Table 4:

Table 4

project Embodiment 2 organic fertilizer Organic Fertilizer Industry Standard (NY 525-2011) Mass fraction of organic matter (on a dry basis), % ≥47 ≥45 Mass fraction of total nutrients (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated on an oven-dried basis), % ≥5.6 ≥5.0 Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample), % ≤25 ≤30 acidity, pH 7.5 5.5～8.5 Total arsenic (As) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤15 Total mercury (Hg) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤1 ≤2 Total lead (Pb) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤50 Total cadmium (Cd) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤3 ≤3 Total chromium (Cr) (calculated on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤150

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 3

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost described in S1 is shown in Table 5:

table 5

raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 85 bran 0 bran powder 5 sawdust 5 fish meal 5

S2. The compost is poured into the container, the compost is 10cm thick, and an appropriate amount of Chrysophora macrocephala ovum is inserted on the surface of the compost, and the density of the eggs is: 2.0g Chrysocephala ova/kg compost;

S3. The eggs of Chrysocephala cerevisiae hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. During the transformation process, the humidity of the compost was maintained at about 60%. On the 4th day, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry rice bran powder was sprinkled in it to facilitate the collection of mature golden fly maggots. After feeding for 5 days, the larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala have reached maturity, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested Chrysocephala macrocephala was about 50% and did not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose and has no smoke smell, and it can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying or drying. The indicators are shown in Table 6:

Table 6

project Embodiment 3 organic fertilizer Organic Fertilizer Industry Standard (NY 525-2011) Mass fraction of organic matter (on a dry basis), % ≥46 ≥45 Mass fraction of total nutrients (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated on an oven-dried basis), % ≥5.0 ≥5.0 Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample), % ≤25 ≤30 acidity, pH 6.8 5.5～8.5 Total arsenic (As) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤15 Total mercury (Hg) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤1 ≤2 Total lead (Pb) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≦10 ≦50 Total cadmium (Cd) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≦3 ≦3 Total chromium (Cr) (calculated on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≦10 ≦150

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), water content and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

According to calculations, the present invention can produce about 3-4 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers and about 0.8-1.2 tons of fresh golden fly maggots for every 10 tons of fresh tobacco leaves that are not suitable for processing. It does not contain nicotine and is a high-quality biological protein. The obtained fresh golden fly maggots grow evenly, have large individuals and strong vitality. The invention realizes high-efficiency resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, and turns "waste" into treasure. The invention has strong processing ability, and after treatment, the capacity of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves is reduced by 60-70%; unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves cleared out on the same day can be processed every day, occupying less space, can be reused, does not change the nature of land use, and consumes a lot of time during the treatment process. Low energy and low emissions, suitable for various tobacco production enterprises and tobacco planting individuals and enterprises.

Claims (3)

1. A method for obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein respectively while using Chrysocephala cephalica larvae to biologically treat inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves, it is characterized in that the inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragments and adjuvant materials are stirred evenly to be prepared as compost, in the described The compost is inserted into the eggs of Chrysocephala chinensis, and the hatched larvae of Chrysocephala chinensis carry out biotransformation of the compost, and the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves and auxiliary materials are converted into bio-organic fertilizers, and the larvae of Chrysocephala chinensis grow into mature maggots of Chrysocephala chinensis, Harvesting biological protein; includes the following steps: S1. Collect unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves and chop them into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add fish meal, bran powder, sawdust and bran, stir evenly, and prepare culture material; S2. Inserting the eggs of Chrysalis macrocephala on the surface of the compost described in step S1; S3. Chrysocephala ova hatched into larvae on the 2nd day, and began to biotransform compost; S4. After feeding on Chrysocephala larvae for 4 to 5 days, the compost is converted into bio-organic fertilizer; the larvae of Chrysocephala macrocephala are matured to obtain biological protein; Described inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf culture material is made up of each component of following mass percentage: The density of the golden fly eggs inserted into the compost is: 0.2 ~ 2g golden fly eggs/kg compost; the surface of the golden fly eggs inserted on the surface of the compost refers to the depth ≤ 1cm; The thickness of the compost is 6-10cm. 2. adopt the described method of claim 1 to process the biological protein that is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaf to obtain. 3. adopt the described method of claim 1 to process the bio-organic fertilizer that is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaf to obtain.