CN104145879B - Method for biologically treating inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves through hermetia illucens larvae - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein by using the method of biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with black soldier fly larvae. The inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf fragments, bran, bran powder, and sawdust are prepared as compost, and black soldier fly eggs are inserted on the surface of the compost, and the hatched black soldier fly larvae will biotransform the compost, which will not be applicable Fresh tobacco leaves are transformed into bio-organic fertilizers. The invention utilizes black soldier fly larvae to carry out biotransformation on unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, removes the pollution of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, adopts conventional and easy-to-obtain auxiliary materials, and produces black soldier fly prepupa biological protein and High-quality bio-organic fertilizer, for each treatment of 10 tons of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, about 2-3 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers can be produced, and about 1-2 tons of fresh black soldier fly pre-pupae can be used to achieve efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, transforming "Waste" is treasure. The invention occupies less space, can be reused, and does not change the nature of the land. The invention only needs to chop or crush the tobacco leaves to 2-3 cm, which significantly reduces the cost of crushing. The processing process consumes less energy and emits less. Fertilizer and bio protein can increase profits.

Description

Method for Biologically Treating Unsuitable Fresh Tobacco Leaves Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae

technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of tobacco industry and biological environmental protection, and more specifically relates to a method for obtaining organic fertilizer and biological protein simultaneously by utilizing the method of biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with black soldier fly larvae.

Background technique

Not Applicable Fresh tobacco leaves refer to the bottom two tobacco leaves (not including the two tire leaves) that are insufficiently illuminated, stunted, have many lesions, the length does not meet the requirements, and the quality is poor after baking; stunted, poorly opened , less than 35cm in length, more diseased spots, and a piece of top leaf with poor quality after roasting is low-grade tobacco leaves, upper tobacco leaves, etc. Once the unapplicable tobacco leaves enter the barn, it will not only cause unnecessary waste of tobacco farmers for tobacco weaving, furnace loading, curing, grading and fuel, and increase ineffective investment, but also cause low-grade tobacco leaves to be mixed with high-grade tobacco leaves, affecting the grade purity and quality of tobacco leaves Rate.

According to the spirit of the State Tobacco Administration on optimizing the structure of tobacco and improving the effective supply of high-quality raw materials, each tobacco planting area began to digest and process unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves in the field, and achieved good results. The grade structure of tobacco leaves was improved, and the middle and upper grades The proportion of cigarette output has been increased, which has been unanimously welcomed by counterpart industrial enterprises.

At present, various tobacco growing areas mainly adopt the method of centralized landfill and retting to deal with unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves. However, this technology has a long treatment cycle and produces a large amount of waste gas, waste residue and waste liquid during the period. The follow-up treatment is difficult and seriously pollutes the local agricultural ecology. The environment and the physical and mental health of residents. Therefore be badly in need of finding a kind of bio-environmental protection technology without secondary pollution to carry out biological treatment to inapplicable fresh tobacco leaves.

The black soldier fly (scientific name: Hermetia illucens L.) is a holometabolous insect belonging to the class Insecat, Diptera, Brachycera, Stratiomyidae, Hermetia . Adults have gray and black wings, degenerated mouthparts, body length 15-20mm, and body is mainly black. Eggs about 1 mm in diameter, oblong. Native to America, it is widely distributed all over the world (between 40 degrees north and south latitude). The larvae in the wild mainly feed on various waste animal and plant matter or livestock and poultry manure.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf disposal technology, and provide a method for biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with black soldier fly larvae. The black soldier fly larvae were used to biotransform unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves to remove the pollution of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves.

Based on the method, the present invention provides a black soldier fly larva compost formula, which produces black soldier fly prepupa biological protein and high-quality bio-organic fertilizer while disposing of unsuitable tobacco leaves, and realizes efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves. Turning waste into treasure.

The auxiliary materials used in the invention are common bran, bran powder and sawdust, the cost is low, the raw materials are easy to get, and it is in line with the actual application of agricultural production.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for biologically treating unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves with black soldier fly larvae. The unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf fragments are prepared into compost, and black soldier fly eggs are inserted on the surface of the compost to hatch black soldier fly larvae. The compost is biotransformed, and unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves are converted into bio-organic fertilizers.

Preferably, inserting black soldier fly eggs on the surface of the compost means that the depth in the compost is ≤0.5cm.

Preferably, the culture material also includes auxiliary materials. The auxiliary material is preferably bran, bran powder (rice bran powder), sawdust or a mixture of two or more.

Preferably, the density of black soldier fly eggs inserted into the compost is: 0.2-2g black soldier fly eggs/kg compost.

As a technical optimization scheme, the thickness of the compost is 20-30cm.

Preferably, the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf compost consists of the following components in mass percentage:

Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 60-85%;

Bran 15-20%;

Bran powder 0~10%;

Sawdust 0~10%.

Preferably, the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves are chopped into fragments with a particle size of 2-3 cm.

Specifically, the inventive method comprises the following steps:

S1. Collect unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, chop them up, add auxiliary materials and stir evenly, and prepare culture materials;

S2. Insert black soldier fly eggs on the surface of the culture medium described in S1;

S3. The eggs of the black soldier fly hatched into larvae on the 4th day, and the biotransformation compost was started;

S4. After 20 days of eating by the black soldier fly larvae, the compost is transformed into bio-organic fertilizer; the black soldier fly larvae mature and pupate.

Preferably, the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves described in S1 are chopped into fragments with a particle size of 2-3 cm.

Preferably, the auxiliary material in S1 is one or a mixture of two or more of bran, bran powder and sawdust.

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, with a water content of 30-40%. The material is loose and odorless. Reach the corresponding technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, under the temperature condition of 25-35°C, the black soldier fly eggs hatch into larvae on the 4th day, and the biotransformation compost begins. During the growth of black soldier fly larvae, the compost is gradually fermented and heated up. After 20 days of feeding by black soldier fly larvae, the black soldier fly larvae have reached the pre-pupational state, and they have climbed out of the compost one after another, looking for dry and dark places to pupate, harvesting biological protein, which basically does not contain nicotine. At this time, the compost turns dark brown, the moisture is reduced to 30-40%, the material is loose and odorless, and its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents are detected after drying. etc., have reached the corresponding technical indicators of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaf culture material described in S1 is composed of the following components in mass percentage:

Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 60-90%;

Bran 15-20%;

Bran powder 0~10%;

Sawdust 0~10%.

Preferably, the density of black soldier fly eggs inserted into the compost described in S2 is: 0.2-2g black soldier fly eggs/kg compost.

As a technical optimization scheme, the compost is packed in a container, and the thickness of the compost in the container is: 20-30cm.

Based on the method of the invention, while disposing of unsuitable tobacco leaves, not only can obtain high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, but also obtain biological protein such as black soldier fly prepupa, which has a crude protein content of about 42% and does not contain nicotine. Further, a larger container can be placed outside the culture container 2 days before the black soldier fly larva matures, and dry bran powder can be sprinkled in it to facilitate the collection of black soldier fly prepupa.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The existing technology in the art is not applicable to tobacco leaves, and is either designed to obtain a mixed biological feed mixed with insect larvae, or can only obtain insect larvae and insect droppings. Therefore, there are basically two schemes in the prior art, one is to crush the tobacco leaves very finely (1-5 mm), and finally dry the housefly maggots and the leftovers from cultivation to prepare composite biological protein powder, but this method can obtain The biological protein powder contains nicotine; the other needs to homogenize unsuitable tobacco leaves, mix auxiliary materials, heat, stir and cool, then make shaped feed to feed insects, and finally obtain insect larvae and insect droppings. Regardless of whether it is crushing unsuitable tobacco leaves to the millimeter level or homogenizing and heating treatment, in actual operation, the scalability is greatly limited, and the cost of crushing and homogenizing treatment remains high.

The present invention completely changes the technical idea and compost formula of the prior art, successfully utilizes black soldier fly larvae to biologically treat unsuitable tobacco leaves, ensures the stable growth of black soldier fly larvae on the basis of scientific biological treatment of unsuitable tobacco leaves, and obtains stable and uniform The better growth effect of the larvae, the individual larvae are uniform and vigorous, and it can also significantly promote the biological treatment effect of unsuitable tobacco leaves. Finally, the pure larvae (biological protein) and the breeding residue (organic fertilizer) are collected separately. Therefore, the present invention only needs to chop or pulverize the tobacco leaves to 2-3 cm, reasonably adjust the matching of auxiliary materials, do not use exogenous protein powder, correspondingly increase the relative proportion of unsuitable tobacco leaves, enhance the biological treatment capacity, and remove unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves. The pollution of tobacco leaves is proved to be effective through actual production, at least the cost of crushing can be significantly reduced.

Furthermore, through the design of the present invention, the obtained biological protein does not contain nicotine, its crude protein content is about 42%, and its application range is wider. Every time 10 tons of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves are processed by the method of the present invention, about 2 to 3 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers can be produced, and about 1 to 2 tons of fresh black soldier fly prechrysalis can be produced. Waste" is treasure.

The invention adopts suitable auxiliary materials compatible with unsuitable tobacco leaves. The auxiliary materials are bran, sawdust, etc. conventionally used in agricultural production and planting, without using expensive protein powder, and significantly reducing production costs.

The invention has strong processing ability, and after treatment, the capacity of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves is reduced by 70-80%; unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves cleared on the same day can be processed every day, and is suitable for various tobacco production enterprises; the method of the invention can be used to treat unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves The speed is faster than microbial composting. It only takes 20 days to process a batch of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves to convert a large amount of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into high-quality bio-organic fertilizers, and its nutrient content reaches various technical indicators of national bio-organic fertilizers.

The invention occupies less space, can be reused, does not change the nature of the land, has low energy consumption in the treatment process, less discharge, low treatment cost, and the simultaneous production of bio-organic fertilizer and bio-protein can increase profits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 The black soldier fly prepupa obtained by culturing in the embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The bran and bran powder used in the embodiments of the present invention are both feed grade, purchased from ordinary feed stores, and the sawdust is miscellaneous sawdust (dried) produced by ordinary woodware factories, with a water content of ≤ 12%; the bran is 6 mesh Sieve, bran powder and sawdust pass through a 20-mesh sieve. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can also use the adjuvant from other sources.

Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, equipment and methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventionally used raw materials, equipment and methods in the art.

Example 1

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost mentioned in S1 is shown in Table 1:

Table 1 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 65 bran 15 bran powder 10 sawdust 10

S2. Pour the culture material into the container, the culture material is 20cm thick, and insert an appropriate amount of black soldier fly eggs on the surface of the culture material, and the density of eggs is: 0.2g black soldier fly eggs/kg culture material;

S3. Black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day and began to decompose and transform the compost. The initial moisture content of the compost was about 70%. On the 18th day after the larvae ate the compost, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry bran powder was sprinkled into it to facilitate the collection of mature black soldier fly prepupa. After 20 days of feeding, the black soldier fly larvae have reached the mature state, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested black soldier fly prepupa is about 40%, and it does not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose, has no smoke smell, and can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying or drying. The indicators are shown in Table 2:

Table 2

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

comparative example

Example 2

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost mentioned in S1 is shown in Table 3:

table 3 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 80 bran 20 bran powder 0 sawdust 0

S2. Pour the culture material into the container, the culture material is 25cm thick, and insert an appropriate amount of black soldier fly eggs on the surface of the culture material, and the density of eggs is: 1.0g black soldier fly eggs/kg culture material;

S3. Black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day and began to decompose and transform the compost. The initial moisture content of the compost was about 70%. On the 18th day after the larvae ate the compost, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry bran powder was sprinkled into it to facilitate the collection of mature black soldier fly prepupa. After 20 days of feeding, the black soldier fly larvae have reached the mature state, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested black soldier fly prepupa is about 43%, and it does not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose, has no smoke smell, and can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying. The indicators are shown in Table 4:

Table 4

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 3

S1. Use a grass cutter to chop unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of compost described in S1 is shown in Table 5:

table 5 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 75 bran 15 bran powder 5 sawdust 5

S2. Pour the culture material into the container, the culture material is 30cm thick, and insert an appropriate amount of black soldier fly eggs on the surface of the culture material, and the density of eggs is: 2.0g black soldier fly eggs/kg culture material;

S3. Black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day and began to decompose and transform the compost. The initial moisture content of the compost was about 70%. On the 18th day after the larvae ate the compost, a larger container was placed outside the culture container, and dry bran powder was sprinkled into it to facilitate the collection of mature black soldier fly prepupa. After 20 days of feeding, the black soldier fly larvae have reached the mature state, and they climbed out of the compost and fell into larger containers. The crude protein content of the harvested black soldier fly prepupa is about 42%, and it does not contain nicotine. The compost finally turns dark brown, the material is loose, has no smoke smell, and can be made into bio-organic fertilizer after drying or drying. The indicators are shown in Table 6:

Table 6 project Embodiment 3 organic fertilizer Organic Fertilizer Industry Standard (NY 525-2011) Mass fraction of organic matter (on a dry basis), % ≥48 ≥45 Mass fraction of total nutrients (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated on an oven-dried basis), % ≥5.5 ≥5.0 Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample), % ≤25 ≤30 acidity, pH 7.3 5.5～8.5 Total arsenic (As) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤15 Total mercury (Hg) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤1 ≤2 Total lead (Pb) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤50 Total cadmium (Cd) (on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤3 ≤3 Total chromium (Cr) (calculated on oven dry basis), mg/kg ≤10 ≤150

The bio-organic fertilizer is dark brown, the material is loose and odorless, and the moisture content after drying is not more than 25%. Its organic matter content, total nutrient (N, P, K total content), moisture and five heavy metal contents all meet the technical index requirements of the national bio-organic fertilizer.

After calculation, the present invention can produce about 2 to 3 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers and about 1 to 2 tons of fresh black soldier fly prepupae for every 10 tons of fresh tobacco leaves that are not suitable for processing. Strong vitality, as shown in Figure 1. Realize the efficient resource utilization of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves, and turn "waste" into treasure. The invention has strong processing capacity, and after treatment, the capacity of unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves is reduced by 70-80%; the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves cleared out on the same day can be processed every day, and is suitable for various tobacco production enterprises.

Comparative example 1

Use a grass cutter to chop the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of the compost is shown in Table 7:

Table 7 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 90 bran 10

For other references to Example 1, black soldier fly eggs were inserted, and the black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. The black soldier fly larvae in this comparative example grew slowly, and after about 23 days of feeding, some black soldier fly larvae gradually climbed out of the compost and fell into a larger container, and the individuals were uneven. This comparative example is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves per 10 tons of treatment, and about 3 to 4 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers can be produced, and about 1.0 tons of fresh black soldier fly prepupa.

Comparative example 2

Use a grass cutter to chop the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare compost; the formula of the compost is shown in Table 8:

Table 8 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 90 sawdust 10

For other references to Example 1, black soldier fly eggs were inserted, and the black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. The black soldier fly larvae in this comparative example grew very slowly. After about 25 days of feeding, the black soldier fly larvae gradually climbed out of the compost and fell into a larger container. This comparative example is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves per 10 tons of processing, and can produce about 4 to 5 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers, and about 0.8 tons of fresh black soldier fly prepupa.

Comparative example 3

Use a grass cutter to chop the unsuitable fresh tobacco leaves into fragments with a particle size of 2 to 3 cm, add an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, stir evenly, and prepare a compost; the formula of the compost is shown in Table 9:

Table 9 raw material name Mass percentage (%) Not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves (fragments) 90 bran powder 10

For other references to Example 1, black soldier fly eggs were inserted, and the black soldier fly eggs hatched into larvae on the 4th day, and began to decompose and transform the compost. The black soldier fly larvae in this comparative example grew very slowly. After about 25 days of feeding, the black soldier fly larvae gradually climbed out of the compost and fell into a larger container. This comparative example is not suitable for fresh tobacco leaves per 10 tons of processing, and can produce about 4 to 5 tons of commercial bio-organic fertilizers, and about 0.9 tons of fresh black soldier fly prepupa.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method that utilization black soldier flies larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of biological treatment obtains fertilizer and bioprotein simultaneously, its It is characterised by, comprise the following steps：

S1. collect inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf chopping, add auxiliary material and stir, be configured to compost；

S2. access black soldier flies ovum on compost surface described in S1；

S3. black soldier flies ovum hatched into larva in the 4th day, started bioconversion compost；

S4. taking food through black soldier flies larva 20 days, compost is changed into biological organic fertilizer；Black soldier flies larva enters prepupa shape State；

Described compost is grouped into by each group of following mass percent：

2. obtain fertilizer and biology using the black soldier flies larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of biological treatment according to claim 1 simultaneously The method of albumen is it is characterised in that described compost is grouped into by each group of following mass percent：

Or it is grouped into by each group of following mass percent：

Inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf 80%；

Wheat bran 20%；

Or it is grouped into by each group of following mass percent：

3. obtain fertilizer and biology using the black soldier flies larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of biological treatment according to claim 1 simultaneously The method of albumen is it is characterised in that the density accessing black soldier flies ovum in compost is：0.2～2g black soldier flies ovum/kg compost.

4. obtain fertilizer and biology using the black soldier flies larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of biological treatment according to claim 1 simultaneously The method of albumen is it is characterised in that the thickness of described compost is 20～30cm.

5. obtain fertilizer and biology using the black soldier flies larva inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf of biological treatment according to claim 1 simultaneously The method of albumen it is characterised in that described compost surface access black soldier flies ovum refer to depth in compost≤ 0.5cm.

6. the bioprotein of inapplicable fresh tobacco leaf acquisition is processed using claim 1 to 5 any one methods described and/or biology has Machine is fertile.