CN104158156B - A kind of lithium battery protection board - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery protection board Download PDFInfo
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- CN104158156B CN104158156B CN201410408485.8A CN201410408485A CN104158156B CN 104158156 B CN104158156 B CN 104158156B CN 201410408485 A CN201410408485 A CN 201410408485A CN 104158156 B CN104158156 B CN 104158156B
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- lithium battery
- protection board
- electric discharge
- microcontroller
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium battery protection board.According to the analysis of various lithium battery protection board hidden danger, the operation rule of control process is established again, and selection embodies the FET power consumptions cumulant of hidden danger feature as Con trolling index, constructs novel lithium battery protection board the most.Invent control circuit and gather signal, A/D conversion and data processing with 8 MCU, electrical equipment is controlled eventually through FET.The present invention have also been constructed the second protection module of old lithium battery protection board; the module gathers original protection partitioned signal; do A/D conversion; processing data; and send control control signal back to former protection board, the module is linked by link key with galvanic cell protection board, obtains analog signal; obtain working power, feedback control signal.After tested, novel lithium battery protection board and interface control module successfully protect FET, from burning pipe phenomenon caused by power consumption accumulation excess, can avoid on fire and/or one class of blast security incident.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium battery application, more particularly to a kind of computing that second protection is provided for lithium battery protection board
Rule and control circuit.
Background technology
In the lithium battery protection board constituted with application specific integrated circuit, high power transistor is usually as switching device（With
It is referred to as " electronic switch " or " FET " down）, the operating of electric equipment is realized with this.Relative to Mechanical switching devices, electronics device
Part has lot of advantages, and size of the electronic device size always than said function mechanical devices first is much smaller；Next electronic cutting
Close can switch motion infinitely, with not because frequently switch on influence service life advantage；Further, electronic switch can be quick
Action, time frame reaches Microsecond grade；Further, there are electric spark and phenomenon of arc discharge when mechanical switch is acted, electronic switch is then complete
Thoroughly do away with this risk factor.This is four basic reasons that electronic switch is widely used.But, opened with the machinery of good contacts
Pass is compared, the conducting resistance Ron that electronic switch always has one for 0, at least several m Ω, at most tens m Ω.Ron is brought
Extra power consumption, when high current is run, electronic switch can drastically generate heat, and cooling measure is ineffective, and accumulated time is long will to burn pipe
Son, or even trigger security incident.
At present, lithium battery protection board is typically provided with a kind of high current protection mechanism, and the operating current of electronic switch is limited
Under some extreme value Imax, electric current meets or exceeds Imax, and defencive function starts just now, when otherwise that is afraid of electronic cutting customs director
Between be operated in slightly smaller than Imax state, protection mechanism will not also start.In fact, existing this protection mechanism has been only
The effect of limitation instantaneous large-current is arrived.Practical situation is such：Instantaneous large-current is hardly to lithium battery, electronic switch
Ring effect is formed brokenly with electric equipment.Power consumption cumulative number caused by Ron ten seconds or longer time, be only wave knife cut to lithium battery,
The killer of electronic switch and electric equipment.Want to prevent this risk factor with current threshold protection mechanism, Imax can only be obtained
It is sufficiently low, so, whenever gushing on electric current is less big, gushed simply moment in that fearness, overcurrent protection can all start immediately.
Consequently, it is possible to which protection board may frequently make protection act, it may be said that such action is a kind of maloperation.
So, Imax can only be taken greatly, and normal operating current must be far above by typically all selecting, such as a kind of lithium battery electric hand drill,
Average operating current is 6~7A, and Imax is usually arranged as 20A.If taking smaller such as 15A, slight obstruction during operation, or
The immediate current for being startup stage may starting protection.If being operated in 14A~20A- ε in electric drill tens of seconds or longer time
Between, possible lithium battery and/or electronic switch and/or electric equipment have been overheated, or even are burnt, and current protection mechanism is not yet
It can start.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of supplement safeguard measure for lithium battery protection board --- electronic switch power consumption
Overload protection, with the leak for the generally existing for making up existing protection board.The present invention is checked according to the defect to existing protection board, first
Create " second protection " concept；The specific means of present invention measurement power consumption is to calculate power mode cumulant；Present invention microcontroller
Device calculates power mode cumulant and output control signal.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of lithium battery protection board, including 4 section lithium battery current potentials
B4, B3, B2, B1, electric discharge P-channel FET drain current potential Vd, terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals difference
6 road interface In0~In5 of microcontroller is inputted, 6 analog signals are converted to data, micro-control by MCU A/D converter units
By B1, B2, B3, B4, this 4 signals carry out A/D conversion to device processed, and calculate output voltage V1, V2, V3, V4 of 4 batteries, examine
Survey is circulating rolling, determines the control logic of charging shut-off and is：Once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 meet or exceed one
Individual set upper limit Vmax, and a period of time Tx is continue for, microcontroller just becomes the high level of output end Out0 normalizations
For low level, such a negative saltus step will be such that charging FET is jumped from conducting state and become an OFF state, charging stops；With
This is similar, determines the control logic of electric discharge shut-off and is：Once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 are set at or below one
Lower limit Vmin, and a period of time Tn is continue for, high level of the microcontroller just by output end Out1 normalizations is changed into low level,
Such a negative saltus step, will be such that electric discharge FET is jumped from conducting state and becomes an OFF state, electric discharge stops；Discharge FET
FET pressure drops Vsd (=B4-Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) is integrated calculating, obtains the accumulation of the I*Vsd in a specific time period
Amount, the time of integration is set by MCU internal timers；Cumulant exceedes a certain amount value Pmax, and microcontroller is just by output end
The high level of Out1 normalizations is changed into low level, such a negative saltus step, will make the electric discharge FET be from conducting state saltus step
Off state, electric discharge stops, so that avoiding battery, electric discharge FET and electrical appliance long duration is operated in current state.
A kind of lithium battery protection board, i.e. old model current protection plate, by lithium battery protection board discharge FET drain current potential Vd,
Terminal potential Vsen, GND and B4 are defeated by interface board on sampling resistor, show that control signal sends FET grid Gs back to through MCU processing；It is micro-
By Vd and Vsen, the two signals carry out A/D conversion to controller, FET FET pressure drops Vsd (=B4-Vd) and the Vsen that discharges (=
I*Rsen calculating) is integrated, the cumulant of the I*Vsd in a specific time period is obtained, the time of integration is by MCU internal timers
Set.Cumulant exceedes a certain amount value Pmax, and high level of the microcontroller just by output end Out0 normalizations is changed into low level,
Such a negative saltus step, will be such that electric discharge FET is jumped from conducting state and becomes an OFF state, electric discharge stops, so as to avoid electricity
Pond, electric discharge FET and electrical appliance long duration are operated in current state.Out0 port output signals pass through a diode
The grid G of FET in former protection board is sent to, such interface board would not disturb other courses of work of former protection board.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
The present invention proposes that protection board itself is also required to the protection of more last layer time, and we are referred to as this last layer time protection
For " second protection ", second protection should not be only for FET, should also be towards lithium battery and electrical equipment, for up to this purpose
Through data processing output control signal, and it can not must be realized by electric parameter by corresponding site temperature test secondary
Protection, the core heating position of lithium battery, FET and electrical equipment still more in most cases can not set temperature measuring point,
Assigning for guarded command should be according to what can be convenient for measuring, the electric parameter for facilitating A/D to change, the electricity of dynamic lithium battery driving
The working condition of device equipment is often yo-yo, and second protection should be a kind of accumulated time amount, is selected by repeatedly handsome, this
Cumulant of the electronic switch power consumption in specific time period is used as controling parameter by invention, when measurement signal and data processing are one
Then a period ground roll acts industry to section, and operation at times is to be commanded to complete by microcontroller.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of current lithium battery protection board；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the novel lithium battery protection board that the present invention is designed；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation for the second protection module that the present invention designs for old model current protection plate；
Embodiment：
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, should
Embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Pass through lithium battery protection board shown in Fig. 1, and load current I flows through sampling resistor Rsen, the upper voltage of sampling resistor
Vsen=I*Rsen, Vsen give the overcurrent protection test pin of application specific integrated circuit.Integrated circuit is selected, its excessively stream threshold value is
Imax*Rsen.Once I>Imax, application specific integrated circuit output overcurrent protection trigger signal, electric discharge P-channel FET cut-out load electricity
Experiment shown in flow table 1 is to access a load resistance to lithium battery protection board.This load is much larger than normal load（2.5 times of left sides
It is right）, load during excessively stream is less than again（3/4 or so）, test record shows how the overcurrent protection of current lithium battery protection board is
Failure.It is that, based on the analysis to electronic switch Heating mechanism, actual measurement demonstrates this analysis that the present invention, which does such test, by
This has just obtained " second protection " concept proposed by the present invention.
The lithium battery protection board FET high currents breaking test of table 1 records (125 DEG C of overtemperature)
| Title | Battery combination mode | Imax(A) | Total voltage (V) | Load resistance (Ω) | The overheat time (S) | Smolder the time (S) |
| Direct current drill gun protection board | 3 strings | 30 | 12.5 | 0.50 | 15 | 22 |
| The pure hardware package backplate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 are simultaneously | 40 | 48.2 | 1.25 | 12 | 18 |
| Intelligent BMS | 13 strings | 26 | 48.5 | 2.0 | 17 | 25 |
Table 1 is the actual observation record of three kinds of current lithium battery protection board FET destructive process, and destruction is because of output accumulation high current
It is caused, and now electric current does not surmount rotection thresholds Imax；
A kind of lithium battery protection board, including 4 section lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, electric discharge P-channel FET drain current potential Vd,
Terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals input 6 road interface In0 of microcontroller~In5, MCU respectively
A/D converter units 6 analog signals are converted into data, by B1, B2, B3, B4, this 4 signals carry out A/D changes to microcontroller
Change, and calculate output voltage V1, V2, V3, V4 of 4 batteries, detection is circulating rolling, determine that the control of charging shut-off is patrolled
Collecting is：Once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 meet or exceed a set upper limit Vmax, and continue for a period of time
The high level of output end Out0 normalizations is just changed into low level by Tx, microcontroller, and such a negative saltus step will imitate charging field
Should pipe from conducting state jump become an OFF state, charging stop；Similar, determining the control logic of electric discharge shut-off is：Once
Any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 continue for a period of time Tn, microcontroller at or below a set lower limit Vmin
The high level of output end Out1 normalizations is just changed into low level by device, such a negative saltus step, will make electric discharge FET from leading
Logical state transition is off state, and electric discharge stops；Electric discharge FET FET pressure drops Vsd (=B4-Vd) enters with Vsen (=I*Rsen)
Row integral and calculating, obtains the cumulant of the I*Vsd in a specific time period, and the time of integration is set by MCU internal timers；Accumulation
Amount exceedes a certain amount value Pmax, and high level of the microcontroller just by output end Out1 normalizations is changed into low level, such a
Negative saltus step, will be such that electric discharge FET is jumped from conducting state and becomes an OFF state, electric discharge stops, so as to avoid battery, electric discharge
FET and electrical appliance long duration are operated in current state.
Fig. 2 is the modified li-ion cell protection plate structure schematic diagram designed by the present invention；Table 2 is the designed protection of the present invention
The test result of circuit board, test load condition is identical with table 1, the rise of FET temperature, but is not above generally required 75
℃.The lithium battery protection board that the present invention is designed is effectively protected the safety of lithium battery, protection board itself and electrical equipment.
The lithium battery protection board FET high currents overload experimental record of the present invention of table 2
| Title | Battery combination mode | Normality load resistance Ω | Overload resistance Ω | Accumulation period interval S | Power consumption J in period | Overload protection time S | Limiting temperature DEG C |
| Direct current bores rifle protection board | 3 strings | 2.0 | 0.50 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 58 |
| The pure hardware package backplate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 are simultaneously | 4.0 | 1.25 | 8 | 24 | 8 | 62 |
| Intelligent BMS | 13 strings | 8.0 | 2.0 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 61 |
A kind of lithium battery protection board, by terminal potential on lithium battery protection board electric discharge FET drain current potential Vd, sampling resistor
Vsen, GND and B4 are defeated by interface board, show that control signal sends FET grid Gs back to through MCU processing；Microcontroller is by Vd and Vsen
The two signals carry out A/D conversion, and electric discharge FET FET pressure drops Vsd (=B4-Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) is integrated meter
Calculate, obtain the cumulant of the I*Vsd in a specific time period, the time of integration is set by MCU internal timers.Cumulant is more than one
The high level of output end Out0 normalizations is just changed into low level by fixed value Pmax, microcontroller, and such a negative saltus step will
Make electric discharge FET from conducting state jump become an OFF state, electric discharge stop so that avoid battery, electric discharge FET and
Electrical appliance long duration is operated in current state.Out0 port output signals are sent to FET in former protection board by a diode
Grid G, such interface board would not disturb other courses of work of former protection board.
For being used for old model current protection, and be inconvenient to change the user of protection system, the present invention is provided
Second protection scheme, so, new current protection pattern is just more easily realized on old plank；The program will discharge
Terminal potential Vsen is defeated by interface board on FET drain current potential Vd and sampling resistor, show that control signal sends FET grid back to through MCU processing
Pole G；Transition diode D therein ensures that control high level can effectively reduce source gate voltage Vsg, and when interface exports low level
When, and other control process on old plate do not produce influence；Table 3 is the test result of scheme shown in Fig. 3, with the listed test of table 2
Condition and test process are completely the same, as a result display interface plate（Second protection plate）It is suitable with effect structure shown in Fig. 2.
The second protection plate FET high currents of table 3 overload experimental record
| Title | Battery combination mode | Normality load resistance Ω | Overload resistance Ω | Accumulation period interval S | Power consumption J in period | Overload protection time S | Limiting temperature DEG C |
| Direct current bores rifle protection board | 3 strings | 2.0 | 0.50 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 58 |
| The pure hardware package backplate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 are simultaneously | 4.0 | 1.25 | 8 | 24 | 8 | 62 |
| Intelligent BMS | 13 strings | 8.0 | 2.0 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 61 |
Claims (2)
1. a kind of lithium battery protection board, it is characterised in that：Including 4 section lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, the FET leakages of electric discharge P-channel
Terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on electrode potential Vd, sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals input 6 road interface In0 of microcontroller respectively
6 analog signals are converted to data by~In5, MCU A/D converter units, and microcontroller is by this 4 signals of B1, B2, B3, B4
A/D conversion is carried out, and calculates output voltage V1, V2, V3, V4 of 4 batteries, detection is circulating rolling, determines that charging is closed
Disconnected control logic is：Once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 meet or exceed a set upper limit Vmax, and continue
The high level of output end Out0 normalizations is just changed into low level by a period of time Tx, microcontroller, and such a negative saltus step will
Make charging FET jump from conducting state to become an OFF state, charging stops；It is similar, determine that the control of electric discharge shut-off is patrolled
Collecting is：Once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 are at or below a set lower limit Vmin, and continue for a period of time
The high level of output end Out1 normalizations is just changed into low level by Tn, microcontroller, and such a negative saltus step will make electric discharge effect
Should pipe from conducting state jump become an OFF state, electric discharge stop；Discharge FET FET pressure drops Vsd=B4-Vd and Vsen=I*
Rsen is integrated calculating, obtains the cumulant of the I*Vsd in a specific time period, and the time of integration is set by MCU internal timers
Put；Cumulant exceedes a certain amount value Pmax, and high level of the microcontroller just by output end Out1 normalizations is changed into low level, this
One negative saltus step of sample, will be such that electric discharge FET is jumped from conducting state and becomes an OFF state, electric discharge stops, so as to avoid electricity
Pond, electric discharge FET and electrical appliance long duration are operated in current state.
2. a kind of lithium battery protection board, it is characterised in that：Including 4 section lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, by lithium battery protection board
Terminal potential Vsen, GND and B4 are defeated by interface board on electric discharge FET drain current potential Vd, sampling resistor, and control letter is drawn through MCU processing
Number send FET grid Gs back to；By Vd and Vsen, the two signals carry out A/D conversion, electric discharge FET FET pressure drops Vsd to microcontroller
=B4-Vd and Vsen=I*Rsen are integrated calculating, obtain the cumulant of the I*Vsd in a specific time period, the time of integration by
MCU internal timers are set, and cumulant exceedes a certain amount value Pmax, and microcontroller is just by the height electricity of output end Out0 normalizations
Flat to be changed into low level, such a negative saltus step will be such that electric discharge FET is jumped from conducting state and become an OFF state, electric discharge stops
Only, so that avoiding battery, electric discharge FET and electrical appliance long duration is operated in current state, Out0 port output signals
The grid G of FET in former protection board is sent to by a diode, such interface board would not disturb other work of former protection board
Process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410408485.8A CN104158156B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | A kind of lithium battery protection board |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410408485.8A CN104158156B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | A kind of lithium battery protection board |
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| CN104158156A CN104158156A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
| CN104158156B true CN104158156B (en) | 2017-09-01 |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112671061B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2024-07-23 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery protection board control system and terminal |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4811136A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-03-07 | Jones Gregory D | Phase controller for processing current and voltage faults |
| CN1658469A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-08-24 | 索尼株式会社 | Battery pack, battery protection processing apparatus, and startup control method of the battery protection processing apparatus |
| CN1976156A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-06-06 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Self-repairing circuit protection apparatus |
| CN102709980A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 广州益维电动汽车有限公司 | Protective plate for series lithium battery pack based on battery protective chip |
-
2014
- 2014-08-19 CN CN201410408485.8A patent/CN104158156B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4811136A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-03-07 | Jones Gregory D | Phase controller for processing current and voltage faults |
| CN1658469A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-08-24 | 索尼株式会社 | Battery pack, battery protection processing apparatus, and startup control method of the battery protection processing apparatus |
| CN1976156A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-06-06 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Self-repairing circuit protection apparatus |
| CN102709980A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 广州益维电动汽车有限公司 | Protective plate for series lithium battery pack based on battery protective chip |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 纯电动车用动力锂电池保护板的设计与实现;曹铭;《2012重庆汽车工程学会年会论文集》;20121219;第15-22页 * |
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