CN104158156A - Lithium battery protection plate - Google Patents
Lithium battery protection plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104158156A CN104158156A CN201410408485.8A CN201410408485A CN104158156A CN 104158156 A CN104158156 A CN 104158156A CN 201410408485 A CN201410408485 A CN 201410408485A CN 104158156 A CN104158156 A CN 104158156A
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- lithium battery
- battery protection
- fet
- protection plate
- electric discharge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium battery protection plate. On the basis of analysis of hidden troubles of various lithium battery protection plates, operational rules of control process are reestablished, the FET power consumption cumulated amount, which can reflect features of the hidden troubles most, is selected as a control index, and the novel lithium battery protection plate is constructed. According to the lithium battery protection plate, a control circuit adopts an 8-bit MCU to carry out signal acquisition, A/D conversion and data processing, and finally, electrical equipment is controlled through a FET. The invention also provides a secondary protection module of an old lithium battery protection plate. The module collect signals of an original protection plate, carries out A/D conversion and data processing, and sends the control signals to the original protection plate; the module is connected with the original battery protection plate through link keys, and thus analog signals are obtained, working power supply is obtained, and the control signals are fed back. Through test, the novel lithium battery protection plate and an interface control module protect the FET successfully, thereby preventing transistor-burning cases due to excessive power consumption accumulation, and preventing causing safety accidents, such as fire and/ or explosion and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium battery application, relating in particular to a kind ofly provides operation rule and the control circuit of second protection for lithium battery protection board.
Background technology
In the lithium battery protection board forming with application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), high power transistor is usually used as switching device (being referred to as below " electronic switch " or " FET "), realizes the running of electric equipment with this.With respect to mechanical switch device, electronic device has lot of advantages, and first electronic device size is always much smaller than the size of said function mechanical devices; Secondly electronic switch can unlimited switch motion, has not and to affect the advantage in useful life because of frequent switch; Have, electronic switch can quick acting again, and time frame reaches Microsecond grade; Further, when mechanical switch action, have electric spark and arcing phenomenon, electronic switch thoroughly does away with this risk factor completely.This is four basic reasons that electronic switch is widely used., compared with the mechanical switch of good contacts, electronic switch always has one not to be 0 conducting resistance Ron, several m Ω at least, at most tens m Ω.Ron brings extra power consumption, and when large electric current operation, electronic switch can sharply generate heat, and cooling measure is ineffective, and accumulated time is of a specified duration will burn pipe, even causes security incident.
At present; lithium battery protection board is typically provided with a kind of large current protection mechanism; the operating current of electronic switch is limited under some extreme value Imax; electric current meets or exceeds Imax; defencive function starts just now; otherwise that fearness electronic switch works long hours and is being slightly smaller than the state of Imax, and protection mechanism also can not start.In fact, existing this protection mechanism is only the effect of having played restriction instantaneous large-current.Practical situation is but such: instantaneous large-current forms brokenly ring effect to lithium battery, electronic switch and electric equipment hardly.Tens of seconds of power consumption that Ron causes accumulation or longer time, be only and wave cutter and cut to the killer of lithium battery, electronic switch and electric equipment.Want to stop this risk factor by current threshold protection mechanism, Imax can only be obtained enough low, so, whenever electric current not too large on gush, that gushes moment just on being afraid of, overcurrent protection all can start immediately.Thus, baffle may frequently be made protection action, and such action is a kind of misoperation.
So, Imax can only get greatly, generally all selects far above normal running current, and such as a kind of lithium battery electric hand drill, average operating current is 6～7A, and Imax is set to 20A conventionally.If get smaller such as 15A, slight obstruction when operation, or startup stage immediate current just may starting protection.If be operated between 14A～20A-ε in tens of seconds of electric drill or longer time, possible lithium battery and/or electronic switch and/or electric equipment are overheated, have even burnt, and current protection mechanism also can not start.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of supplementary safeguard measure for lithium battery protection board---electronic switch power consumption overload protection, to make up the ubiquitous leak of existing baffle.The present invention is according to the defect examination to existing baffle, pioneering " second protection " concept; The concrete means that the present invention measures power consumption are to calculate power consumption period cumulant; The present invention calculates power consumption period cumulant and exports control signal with microcontroller.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of lithium battery protection board, comprise 4 joint lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, electric discharge P channel fet drain potential Vd, terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals are inputted respectively 6 road interface In0～In5 of microcontroller, 6 analog signals are converted to data by the A/D converter unit of MCU, microcontroller is by B1, B2, B3, these 4 signals of B4 carry out A/D conversion, and calculate the output voltage V 1 of 4 batteries, V2, V3, V4, detection is circulating rolling, determine that the control logic that charging is turn-offed is: once V1, V2, V3, any one of V4 meets or exceeds a set upper limit Vmax, and continue a period of time Tx, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to charge is off state from conducting state saltus step, charging stops, similarly, determine that the control logic that electric discharge is turn-offed is: once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 reaches or lower than a set lower limit Vmin, and continue a period of time Tn, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, and electric discharge stops, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, and arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer, cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby has avoided battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration to be operated in current state.
A kind of lithium battery protection board, i.e. old model current protection plate, is defeated by interface board by discharge terminal potential Vsen, GND and B4 on FET drain potential Vd, sampling resistor of lithium battery protection board, processes and show that control signal sends FET grid G back to through MCU; Vd and these two signals of Vsen are carried out A/D conversion by microcontroller, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer.Cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby has avoided battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration to be operated in current state.Out0 port output signal is delivered to the grid G of FET in former baffle by a diode, interface board just can not disturb other course of work of former baffle like this.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention proposes baffle self also needs the more inferior protection of last layer, we are referred to as " second protection " time protection of this last layer, second protection should be only for FET, also should be towards lithium battery and electric equipment, must pass through electric parameter for reaching this object, through data processing output control signal, and can not realize second protection by corresponding site temperature test, lithium battery in most cases still more, the core heating position of FET and electric equipment can not arrange point for measuring temperature, assigning of guarded command should be according to being convenient for measuring, facilitate the electric parameter of A/D conversion, the operating state of the electric equipment that dynamic lithium battery drives is usually yo-yo, second protection should be a kind of accumulated time amount, through handsome choosing repeatedly, electronic switch power consumption, the cumulant in specific time period is used as control parameter in the present invention, measuring-signal and data processing are then period ground roll action industry of a period, operation has at times been commanded by microcontroller.
brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of current lithium battery protection board;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the novel lithium battery baffle that designs of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is the structural representation of the second protection module of old model current protection plate design;
embodiment:
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, and this embodiment only, for explaining the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.
Current lithium battery protection board shown in Fig. 1, the load current I sampling resistor Rsen that flows through, the upper voltage Vsen=I*Rsen of sampling resistor, Vsen gives the overcurrent protection test pin of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).Select integrated circuit, its overcurrent threshold value is Imax*Rsen.Once I>Imax, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) output overcurrent protection triggering signal, it is to a load resistance of lithium battery protection board access that electric discharge P channel fet cuts off experiment shown in load current table 1.This load is much larger than normal load (2.5 times of left and right), the load (3/4 left and right) while being less than overcurrent again, and test record shows that how malfunctioning the overcurrent protection of current lithium battery protection board is.It is the analysis based on to electronic switch Heating mechanism that the present invention does such test, and this analysis has been verified in actual measurement, has just obtained thus " second protection " concept that the present invention proposes.
The large electric current breaking test record of table 1 lithium battery protection board FET (125 DEG C of overtemperatures)
| Title | Battery combination mode | Imax(A) | Total voltage (V) | Load resistance (Ω) | The overheated time (S) | (S) smolders the time |
| Direct current drill gun baffle | 3 strings | 30 | 12.5 | 0.50 | 15 | 22 |
| The pure hardware protection plate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 also | 40 | 48.2 | 1.25 | 12 | 18 |
| Intelligence BMS | 13 strings | 26 | 48.5 | 2.0 | 17 | 25 |
Table 1 is the actual observation record of three kinds of current lithium battery protection board FET destructive processs, and destruction is risen because exporting accumulation high-current leading, and now electric current does not have overreach protection threshold value Imax;
A kind of lithium battery protection board, comprise 4 joint lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, electric discharge P channel fet drain potential Vd, terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals are inputted respectively 6 road interface In0～In5 of microcontroller, 6 analog signals are converted to data by the A/D converter unit of MCU, microcontroller is by B1, B2, B3, these 4 signals of B4 carry out A/D conversion, and calculate the output voltage V 1 of 4 batteries, V2, V3, V4, detection is circulating rolling, determine that the control logic that charging is turn-offed is: once V1, V2, V3, any one of V4 meets or exceeds a set upper limit Vmax, and continue a period of time Tx, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to charge is off state from conducting state saltus step, charging stops, similarly, determine that the control logic that electric discharge is turn-offed is: once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 reaches or lower than a set lower limit Vmin, and continue a period of time Tn, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, and electric discharge stops, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, and arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer, cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby has avoided battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration to be operated in current state.
Fig. 2 is the designed modified model lithium battery protection board structural representation of the present invention; Table 2 is test results of the designed protective circuit plate of the present invention, and test load condition is identical with table 1, and FET temperature raises, but does not exceed desired 75 DEG C conventionally.The lithium battery protection board of the present invention's design has been protected the safety of lithium battery, baffle self and electric equipment effectively.
The large current overload experimental record of table 2 lithium battery protection board FET of the present invention
| Title | Battery combination mode | Normality load resistance Ω | Overload resistance Ω | Spacer segment S when accumulation | Power consumption J in period | Overload protection time S | Limiting temperature DEG C |
| Direct current bores rifle baffle | 3 strings | 2.0 | 0.50 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 58 |
| The pure hardware protection plate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 also | 4.0 | 1.25 | 8 | 24 | 8 | 62 |
| Intelligence BMS | 13 strings | 8.0 | 2.0 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 61 |
A kind of lithium battery protection board, is defeated by interface board by discharge terminal potential Vsen, GND and B4 on FET drain potential Vd, sampling resistor of lithium battery protection board, processes and show that control signal sends FET grid G back to through MCU; Vd and these two signals of Vsen are carried out A/D conversion by microcontroller, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer.Cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby has avoided battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration to be operated in current state.Out0 port output signal is delivered to the grid G of FET in former baffle by a diode, interface board just can not disturb other course of work of former baffle like this.
For having used old model current protection, and be inconvenient to change the user of protection system, the invention provides second protection scheme, like this, new current protection pattern has just realized more easily on old plank; Terminal potential Vsen on electric discharge FET drain potential Vd and sampling resistor is defeated by interface board by this scheme, processes and show that control signal sends FET grid G back to through MCU; Transition diode D wherein guarantees to control high level can effectively reduce source gate voltage Vsg, and in the time of interface output low level, other control procedure of old plate is not exerted an influence again; Table 3 is test results of scheme shown in Fig. 3, in full accord with the listed test condition of table 2 and test process, and result display interface plate (second protection plate) is suitable with effect structure shown in Fig. 2.
The large current overload experimental record of table 3 second protection plate FET
| Title | Battery combination mode | Normality load resistance Ω | Overload resistance Ω | Spacer segment S when accumulation | Power consumption J in period | Overload protection time S | Limiting temperature DEG C |
| Direct current bores rifle baffle | 3 strings | 2.0 | 0.50 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 58 |
| The pure hardware protection plate of bicycle | 13 strings 2 also | 4.0 | 1.25 | 8 | 24 | 8 | 62 |
| Intelligence BMS | 13 strings | 8.0 | 2.0 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 61 |
Claims (2)
1. a lithium battery protection board, it is characterized in that: comprise 4 joint lithium battery current potential B4, B3, B2, B1, electric discharge P channel fet drain potential Vd, terminal potential Vsen=I*Rsen on sampling resistor, totally 6 road signals are inputted respectively 6 road interface In0～In5 of microcontroller, 6 analog signals are converted to data by the A/D converter unit of MCU, microcontroller is by B1, B2, B3, these 4 signals of B4 carry out A/D conversion, and calculate the output voltage V 1 of 4 batteries, V2, V3, V4, detection is circulating rolling, determine that the control logic that charging is turn-offed is: once V1, V2, V3, any one of V4 meets or exceeds a set upper limit Vmax, and continue a period of time Tx, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to charge is off state from conducting state saltus step, charging stops, similarly, determine that the control logic that electric discharge is turn-offed is: once any one of V1, V2, V3, V4 reaches or lower than a set lower limit Vmin, and continue a period of time Tn, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, and electric discharge stops, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, and arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer, cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out1 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby has avoided battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration to be operated in current state.
2. a lithium battery protection board, is characterized in that: discharge terminal potential Vsen, GND and B4 on FET drain potential Vd, sampling resistor of lithium battery protection board is defeated by interface board, processes and show that control signal sends FET grid G back to through MCU, Vd and these two signals of Vsen are carried out A/D conversion by microcontroller, electric discharge field effect transistor FET pressure drop Vsd (=B4 – Vd) and Vsen (=I*Rsen) carry out integral and calculating, obtain the cumulant of an I*Vsd in specific time period, arranged the time of integration by MCU internal timer, cumulant exceedes certain value Pmax, microcontroller just becomes low level by the high level of output Out0 normalization, so negative saltus step, the field effect transistor that will make to discharge is off state from conducting state saltus step, electric discharge stops, thereby avoid battery, electric discharge field effect transistor and electrical appliance long duration are operated in current state, Out0 port output signal is delivered to the grid G of FET in former baffle by a diode, interface board just can not disturb other course of work of former baffle like this.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410408485.8A CN104158156B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | A kind of lithium battery protection board |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410408485.8A CN104158156B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | A kind of lithium battery protection board |
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| CN104158156A true CN104158156A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
| CN104158156B CN104158156B (en) | 2017-09-01 |
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| CN201410408485.8A Expired - Fee Related CN104158156B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | A kind of lithium battery protection board |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112671061A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-16 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery protection board control system and terminal |
Citations (4)
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| US4811136A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-03-07 | Jones Gregory D | Phase controller for processing current and voltage faults |
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| CN1976156A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-06-06 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Self-repairing circuit protection apparatus |
| CN102709980A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 广州益维电动汽车有限公司 | Protective plate for series lithium battery pack based on battery protective chip |
-
2014
- 2014-08-19 CN CN201410408485.8A patent/CN104158156B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4811136A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-03-07 | Jones Gregory D | Phase controller for processing current and voltage faults |
| CN1658469A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-08-24 | 索尼株式会社 | Battery pack, battery protection processing apparatus, and startup control method of the battery protection processing apparatus |
| CN1976156A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-06-06 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Self-repairing circuit protection apparatus |
| CN102709980A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 广州益维电动汽车有限公司 | Protective plate for series lithium battery pack based on battery protective chip |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 曹铭: "纯电动车用动力锂电池保护板的设计与实现", 《2012重庆汽车工程学会年会论文集》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112671061A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-16 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery protection board control system and terminal |
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