CN104131572A - Method for governing red soil strongly-eroded slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling red soil intensity erosion slope land, which is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Dig horizontal ditches along each contour line on the red soil intensity erosion slope, and the horizontal ditch groups include several horizontal ditches. ditch, the cross-section of the horizontal ditch is trapezoidal; (2) dig planting holes between two adjacent horizontal ditches in the same horizontal ditch group, the cross-section of the planting holes is trapezoidal; (3) plant shrubs and Herbs, plant grass in the planting hole; (4) Excavate shallow trenches in the same horizontal trench group, and evenly spread water and soil conservation grass seeds in the shallow trenches to form a horizontal grass belt chain; (5) After one year, the slope environment will be strongly eroded After improvement, replant trees in horizontal trenches and planting holes. The method is used for the control of water and soil loss on red soil intensively eroded slopes and the ecological environment of vegetation restoration, increases water storage and soil conservation on slopes, creates an ecological environment conducive to vegetation restoration, and improves the control effect of red soil intensively eroded areas.

Description

A method for controlling red soil intensity erosion slope land

technical field

The invention relates to a method for controlling red soil intensity erosion slope land.

Background technique

In the red soil region of southern my country, the granite parent material has a high content of coarse grains, loose soil structure, poor corrosion resistance, and easy to cause soil erosion. When the vegetation on the ground is destroyed, the soil is exposed and is directly washed by the slope runoff. Long-term erosion causes most of the topsoil on the slope to be lost. The core soil is exposed, and some even erode to the parent material layer. Low fertility, high degree of dryness and heat, and natural recovery of vegetation are extremely difficult, which has become an important bottleneck restricting local social and economic development.

Traditional soil erosion control in red soil areas mostly adopts biological measures or engineering measures. Engineering measures include contour ditches, bamboo ditches, horizontal terraces, and horizontal platforms, which can trap runoff and sediment. The biological measures include tree planting, grass planting, straw mulching, etc., which can increase the surface cover. In slope land management with light erosion in red soil area, engineering measures or biological measures can play a better role in water and soil conservation. However, on slopes where red soil is heavily eroded, especially where long-term water and soil erosion has resulted in many coarse crystal particles, the surface temperature is high, and the soil is barren. Biological measures or engineering measures alone are not effective in controlling water and soil loss, and it is difficult to restore vegetation.

Contents of the invention

The present invention makes improvements to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, that is, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for controlling red soil intensity erosion slope land, which is used for the ecological protection of red soil intensity erosion slope land water and soil loss control and vegetation restoration. Environmental governance, increase water storage and soil conservation on slopes, create an ecological environment conducive to vegetation restoration, and improve the governance effect of red soil intensity erosion areas.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of method that is used to control red soil intensity erosion slope land, carries out according to the following steps:

(1) Dig horizontal ditch groups along the contour lines on the red soil intensity erosion slope, the horizontal ditch groups include several horizontal ditches, and the cross-section of the horizontal ditch is trapezoidal;

(2) Dig a planting hole between two adjacent horizontal grooves in the same horizontal groove group, and the cross section of the planting hole is trapezoidal;

(3) Plant shrubs and herbs in horizontal trenches, and plant grass in planting holes;

(4) Excavate shallow trenches on the outside of the slope near the horizontal trenches and planting holes, and excavate shallow trenches connecting the horizontal trenches and planting holes in the same horizontal trench group, so that the shallow trenches in the same horizontal trench group are connected. Then spread the water and soil conservation grass seeds evenly in the shallow ditch to form a horizontal grass belt chain;

(5) After one year, when the heavily eroded slope environment improves, arbors are planted in the center of the horizontal ditch and in the planting hole.

Further, the top opening width of the trapezoidal cross-section of the horizontal ditch is 55cm, the bottom width of the ditch is 20cm, the ditch depth is 40cm, and the ditch length is 4m. The slope outside the horizontal ditch is 75°, and the inside slope slope When the horizontal trench is excavated, the topsoil and the subsoil are stacked separately, the subsoil is used for the outer slope as a ridge, and the topsoil is used for backfilling and covering soil for planting plants.

Further, the adjacent three horizontal grooves in the two adjacent horizontal groove groups are arranged in a character shape, the horizontal distance between adjacent horizontal grooves in the same horizontal groove group is 2m, and the vertical distance between adjacent horizontal groove groups is 2m. The density of horizontal grooves is 650/hm ² .

Further, the diameter of the top of the planting hole is 50 cm, the diameter of the bottom of the hole is 30 cm, and the depth of the hole is 40 cm.

Further, when planting shrubs and herbs in horizontal ditches and planting tree seedlings in horizontal ditches and planting holes one year later, a good base fertilizer will be placed before planting. At least 1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer should be applied inside, and at least 0.25kg of bio-organic fertilizer should be applied in each planting hole. The bio-organic fertilizer should be evenly spread on the bottom of the horizontal ditch and the planting hole, and then covered with the topsoil from the excavation of the horizontal ditch and the planting hole. The covering depth is 2/3 of the depth of the horizontal ditch or planting hole, and the soil and bio-organic fertilizer are fully mixed.

Further, when planting shrubs and tree seedlings in the horizontal ditch, the seedlings should be cut to a height of 20 to 30 cm before planting, and the planting depth should be 3 to 5 cm deeper than the root neck of the original nursery. In the second year, replant an arbor, plant three shrubs on the left and right sides of the arbor, and the distance between the shrubs is 0.5m; plant grass in the planting hole in the first year, and replant an arbor in the second year, plant 1300 arbors per ^1hm2 , shrubs 3900 plants, the shrubs and trees are mainly good native soil and water conservation tree species.

Further, the depth of the shallow ditch is at least 5cm, and the soil and water conservation grass seeds are 60kg/hm ² of paspalum seeds, or 105kg/hm ² of bahia grass seeds, and the grass seeds are mixed with biological Organic fertilizer or rice field soil is evenly spread in the shallow ditch.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the intensity erosion slope land control technology described in the present invention is based on the theory of slope runoff regulation and control, and adopts slope engineering and biological measures to combine contour trees, shrubs, and grass plant chains. technology. In intensive erosion areas, due to the sparse vegetation and bare surface, the runoff on the slope surface is strongly eroded. By laying out slope engineering—contour level ditch, planting hole, shallow ditch, the slope length can be shortened, and the runoff scouring force can be effectively reduced. Intercepting slope runoff and sediment, due to deep ditches and holes with large volume, can intercept more surface runoff, promote water infiltration and nutrient deposition, improve soil moisture and nutrient status in ditches and holes, and ditch walls have a certain shading effect , changing the light conditions of the soil in the ditch can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture in the ditch and create favorable conditions for plant growth. The trees, shrubs, and grass in the ditch and holes grow rapidly, covering the surface, forming dense horizontal grass shrubs——etc. Gorgon shrub plant chain. In turn, the growth of plants in ditches and holes can better protect the slope engineering, promote the retention and deposition of runoff sediment, and effectively control soil erosion, so that good vegetation restoration and water storage and soil conservation effects can be achieved. The method has the advantages of simple method, low cost, convenient operation and ideal control effect, and is especially suitable for popularization and application in the process of water and soil loss control in heavily eroded areas.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal cross section of a horizontal groove in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal cross section of a planting hole in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of multiple horizontal groove groups according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a horizontal groove group according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view of horizontal grooves arranged along a slope in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-horizontal ditch group, 11-horizontal ditch, 12-planting hole, 13-shallow ditch, 2-red soil intensity erosion slope, S1-horizontal ditch opening width, S2-horizontal ditch bottom width, D1-planting hole The diameter of the top of the hole, D2-the bottom diameter of the planting hole, h1-the depth of the horizontal groove, h2-the depth of the planting hole, L1-the length of the horizontal groove, L2-the distance between adjacent horizontal grooves in the same group, L3-adjacent The distance between the horizontal ditch groups, H-the upper and lower line spacing of adjacent horizontal ditch groups, a-the slope outside the horizontal ditch, b—the slope inside the horizontal ditch.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a method for controlling red soil intensity erosion slope land is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) Dig horizontal ditch groups 1 along the contour lines on the surface of the red soil intensity erosion slope 2, the horizontal ditch groups 1 include several horizontal ditch 11, the cross-section of the horizontal ditch 11 is trapezoidal;

(2) Digging a planting hole 12 between two adjacent horizontal grooves 11 in the same horizontal groove group 1, the cross section of the planting hole 12 is trapezoidal;

(3) Plant shrubs and herbs in the horizontal ditch 11 in the first year, and replant the herbs in the center with arbors in the second year after the heavily eroded slope environment improves after one year;

(4) Plant grass in the planting hole 12 in the first year, and replant arbors in the second year after the heavily eroded slope environment improves after one year;

(5) Excavate shallow trenches near the outside of the horizontal ditch 11 and planting hole 12, and excavate shallow trenches connecting the horizontal ditch and planting holes in the same horizontal ditch group 1, so that the shallow ditch in the same horizontal ditch group 13 are connected, and then in the shallow ditch 13, evenly sow water and soil to maintain grass seeds, forming a horizontal grass belt chain.

In this embodiment, the medium-high level ditch, planting hole, and shallow ditch can shorten the slope length, reduce the runoff scouring force, and at the same time effectively intercept the runoff and sediment on the slope surface. Because the ditch and hole are deep and have a large volume, they can store more ground surface runoff, promote water infiltration and nutrient deposition, improve the soil moisture and nutrient status in ditches and holes, ditch walls have a certain shading effect, change the light conditions of the soil in the ditch, reduce the evaporation of soil water in the ditch, and improve plant growth By creating favorable conditions, trees, shrubs, and grass grow rapidly in ditches and holes, covering the ground surface, forming dense horizontal grass shrubs—contour trees, shrubs, and grass plant chains. In turn, the growth of plants in ditches and holes can better protect the slope engineering, promote the retention and deposition of runoff sediment, and effectively control soil erosion, so that good vegetation restoration and water storage and soil conservation effects can be achieved.

In this embodiment, the trapezoidal cross-section of the horizontal ditch 11 has a top opening width S1 of 55 cm, a ditch bottom width S2 of 20 cm, a ditch depth h1 of 40 cm, and a ditch length L1 of 4 m. is 75°, and its inner slope b is 60°, and the excavation of the excavated horizontal ditch 11 is used for the outer slope as a ridge.

In this embodiment, the adjacent three horizontal grooves in the two adjacent horizontal groove groups are arranged in the shape of a square, the horizontal distance L2 between adjacent horizontal grooves in the same horizontal groove group is 2m, and the upper and lower distances between adjacent horizontal groove groups H is 2m, and the density of horizontal grooves is 650/hm ² .

In this embodiment, the hole top diameter D1 of the planting hole 12 is 50 cm, the hole bottom diameter D2 is 30 cm, and the hole depth h2 is 40 cm.

In this embodiment, when planting shrubs and herbs in the horizontal ditch and planting tree seedlings in the horizontal ditch and planting holes one year later, a good base fertilizer will be applied before planting. The base fertilizer adopts bio-organic fertilizer, and it is guaranteed that each horizontal Apply at least 1.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer in the ditch and at least 0.25kg of bio-organic fertilizer in each planting hole. Spread the bio-organic fertilizer evenly on the bottom of the horizontal ditch and planting hole, and then use the topsoil when digging the horizontal ditch and planting hole Covering, the covering depth is 2/3 of the depth of the horizontal ditch or planting hole, fully mix the soil and bio-organic fertilizer.

In this embodiment, when planting shrubs and tree seedlings in the horizontal ditch, the height of the seedlings is 20-30cm and then planted. The depth of planting is 3-5cm deeper than the root neck of the original nursery. Plant grass, replant an arbor in the second year, plant three shrubs on the left and right sides of the arbor, and the distance between the shrubs is 0.5m; plant grass in the planting hole in the first year, replant an arbor in ^the second year, and plant 1300 arbors per 1hm2 , 3,900 shrubs, and the shrubs and trees are mainly native soil and water conservation tree species.

In the present embodiment, the depth of the shallow ditch is at least 5cm, and the grass seeds for water and soil conservation are 60 kg/hm ² of paspalum seeds, or 105 kg/hm ² of bahia grass seeds, and the grass seeds are Mix bio-organic fertilizer or rice field soil and spread evenly in shallow trenches. The shrubs are mainly stalks.

In this embodiment, trees should be replanted in the center of the horizontal ditch and in the planting holes in the second year after the planting of shrubs and herbs in the horizontal furrows and planting holes. Such as Masson pine, Schima superba, Bayberry, Liquidambar, Castanopsis cuspidatum, Shanduying, etc.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that, carry out according to the following steps:

(1) on red soil deep erosion is domatic, dig respectively horizontal ditch group along each isohypse, described horizontal ditch group comprises some horizontal ditches, and the cross section of described horizontal ditch is trapezoidal;

(2) in same level ditch group, between adjacent two horizontal ditches, dig kind of a plant hole, the cross section of described kind of plant hole is trapezoidal;

(3) in horizontal ditch, plant shrub and draft, in kind of plant hole, plant grass;

(4) close on domatic outside excavation shallow ridges at horizontal ditch and kind plant hole, and excavation is communicated with horizontal ditch and the shallow ridges of planting plant hole in same level ditch group, shallow ridges in same level ditch group is connected, and then uniform broadcasting water and soil conservation grass-seed in shallow ridges, forms horizontal straw cord chain;

Etc. (5) after after 1 year, deep erosion slope condition improves, in horizontal ditch centre with plant in plant hole and plant again arbor.

2. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: the wide 55cm of being of ditch top opening of the trapezoidal transverse face of described horizontal ditch, ditch bottom width are that 20cm, ditch depth are the long 4m of being of 40cm, ditch, outside described horizontal ditch, surface slope is 75 °, its inner side surface slope is 60 °, table soil and subsoil pile up separately when excavation horizontal ditch, subsoil is done the ridge for slope, outside, and table soil is for planting plants backfill, earthing.

3. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: adjacent three horizontal ditches in described adjacent two horizontal ditch groups are isosceles triangle and arrange, in described same level ditch group, adjacent level ditch level interval is 2m, the up-downgoing of adjacent level ditch group is apart from being 2m, and the bar ditch density of horizontal ditch is 650/hm ².

4. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: top, the cave diameter of described kind of plant hole is 50cm, and at the bottom of cave, diameter is 30cm, cave is 40cm deeply.

5. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: in horizontal ditch, plant shrub and draft, and after 1 year at horizontal ditch with plant while planting arbor seedling in plant hole, before plantation, to play base manure, described base manure adopts biological organic fertilizer, and ensure in every horizontal ditch ditch to Shaoshi biological organic fertilizer 1.5kg, each kind of plant hole is interior to Shaoshi biological organic fertilizer 0.25kg, biological organic fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in horizontal ditch and plants plant hole bottom, then the table soil during with excavation horizontal ditch and kind plant hole covers, overburden depth is 2/3 of horizontal ditch or plantation acupoint depth, soil and biological organic fertilizer are fully mixed thoroughly.

6. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: plant shrub and arbor seedling in horizontal ditch time, nursery stock cuts field planting after the high 20～30cm of bar, the depth of planting is than the dark 3～5cm of former garden ground collar, then tread, horizontal ditch centre First Year kind grass, Second Year replants a strain arbor, at the each plantation in arbor left and right three strain shrubs, shrub spacing in the rows 0.5m; Plant First Year kind grass in plant hole, Second Year replants a strain arbor, every 1hm ²1300 strains of plantation arbor, shrub 3900 strains, described shrub and arbor are taking good water and soil conservation seeds of one's native land as main.

7. according to claim 1 for administering the method in red soil deep erosion hillside fields, it is characterized in that: the ditch depth of described shallow ridges is 5cm at least, and described water and soil conservation grass-seed is Paspalum wettsteinii seed 60kg/ hm ², or be paspalum notatum seed 105kg/hm ², be evenly sprinkling upon in shallow ridges after grass-seed is mixed to biological organic fertilizer or paddy soils.