CN104119925A - Soil heavy metal repairing agent and application thereof to jointly contaminated soil - Google Patents
Soil heavy metal repairing agent and application thereof to jointly contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104119925A CN104119925A CN201310677528.8A CN201310677528A CN104119925A CN 104119925 A CN104119925 A CN 104119925A CN 201310677528 A CN201310677528 A CN 201310677528A CN 104119925 A CN104119925 A CN 104119925A
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- chromium
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 27
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
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- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
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- CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-n-(methoxymethyl)acetamide;2,6-dinitro-n,n-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC)C(=O)CCl.CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002567 Capsicum annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an application of a repairing composition used in heavy metal contamination of soil. The composition comprises lentinan and chitosan and can be used for increasing the yields of plants such as peppers and the like on the heavy metal jointly contaminated soil. Besides, the invention also provides a preparation and the like based on the composition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pollutant treatment and the field of agricultural compositions, and particularly relates to a selective repairing agent for soil heavy metal pollution and application of the selective repairing agent to jointly polluted soil.
Background
In recent years, the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil in China is increasingly highlighted, which poses serious threats to ecological environment, food safety and human health and cannot be ignored. Waste gas, waste water and waste residue discharged by industries such as dye, chemical industry, leather making, mineral exploitation, smelting and processing contain a large amount of heavy metals, and enter soil in modes such as irrigation (particularly sewage irrigation), solid waste (sludge, garbage and the like) accumulation and atmospheric sedimentation, so that the content of the heavy metals in the soil is increased, particularly the heavy metals in exchangeable states are directly absorbed and enriched by crops, and the human health is directly threatened.
At present, soil is repaired by a chemical method, and exchangeable heavy metals in the soil are converted into stable heavy metals mainly based on a heavy metal chelating agent such as chitosan, so that the absorption of crops to the heavy metals is reduced, and the effect of treating the heavy metal pollution of the soil is achieved.
For example, chinese patent 200310108910 discloses a chemical control agent for treating soil pollution, which is low molecular weight chitosan, but the present inventors found that it has strong complexing ability to metal zinc, and mainly used as an eluent when treating soil pollution;
chinese patent 200910115020 discloses a soil remediation method, which comprises the steps of digging a liquid injection well and constructing a reaction wall, and injecting chitosan leacheate into soil, but the inventor finds that the method has large engineering quantity, is inconvenient to apply and is difficult to popularize;
chinese patent 201110413145 discloses a method for repairing soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium, which utilizes the combined action of cadmium-resistant tobacco varieties, chitosan solution and microorganisms for activating heavy metal cadmium in soil, but the application range is narrow and the repeated implementation is difficult;
chinese patent 201210231422 discloses a heavy metal adsorption flocculant which is an acidic aqueous solution of chitosan and sophorolipid, but is essentially used to adsorb heavy metals in water bodies although ultimately able to protect the soil environment.
According to the long-term research and experience obtained by the inventor, firstly, the existing broad-spectrum heavy metal chelating agent is found to adsorb harmful heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium and the like in soil, and can adsorb elements such as zinc and the like in the soil which are very beneficial to most of non-zinc-rich farmlands in China, so that the yield is reduced, and the actual effect of the existing broad-spectrum heavy metal chelating agent is very poor; secondly, the zinc fertilizer is added to make up for the defect that the efficiency of adsorbing harmful heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium and the like by the existing broad-spectrum heavy metal chelating agent is greatly reduced, and the common zinc fertilizer also contains a certain amount of harmful heavy metals, so that the excessive use of the zinc fertilizer has no practical significance; it is also found that the application means greatly affects the popularization and application effect, and especially, the main component of the eluting agent is water, which consumes a great deal of manpower for spraying, and is very inconvenient. After the hard efforts of the inventor, the inventor is combined with certain daily logistics, and quite unexpectedly discovers that the chitosan compounded lentinan can selectively adsorb harmful heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium and the like in the soil, particularly exchangeable harmful heavy metals, does not basically influence the zinc content in the soil, keeps the zinc fertility of the soil, and is particularly suitable for farmlands for planting plants such as tea trees and the like.
However, in the prior art, the composition containing chitosan and lentinan is used in the pharmaceutical composition for human, such as lentinan chitosan nanoparticles with anti-tumor effect and immunity enhancement effect disclosed in chinese patent 200910154959 and bioactive polysaccharide self-assembly modification material with antibacterial activity and cell compatibility disclosed in chinese patent 201010112065, which are not used in farmland soil as agricultural compositions, and these prior arts have high cost and cannot be industrially applied in farmland soil as agricultural compositions.
With the continuous acquisition of new test results by the inventor recently, the invention also unexpectedly discovers that the agricultural composition can improve the yield of plants and basically reach the yield level of corresponding pollution-free soil even for the soil jointly polluted by various heavy metals, and particularly, the effect can be achieved without excessively applying the agricultural composition, thereby further saving the cost of fully utilizing the limited land resources in China to plant the plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel soil-selective heavy metal remediation composition or an application of a preparation containing the same in improving the yield of plants on heavy metal co-contaminated soil. The novel soil remediation agent (soil conditioner) provided by the invention can selectively remediate chromium and/or cadmium pollution in soil and improve chromium and/or cadmium residue of planted plants, but does not basically reduce the zinc content in the soil and does not reduce the beneficial plant quality of zinc. In addition, the invention also provides the application of the soil remediation agent, including the application in the aspects of soil remediation (conditioning), plant planting, plant quality improvement and the like.
In particular, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a soil selective heavy metal remediation composition comprising lentinan and chitosan. The inventor finds that the compounding of the lentinan and the chitosan can selectively restore the chromium and/or cadmium pollution in soil and improve the chromium and/or cadmium residue of planted plants, but does not reduce the zinc content in the soil basically, thereby being very beneficial to popularization and application. In this context, the term "remediation" is used interchangeably with "conditioning" and refers to the reduction of residual amounts of heavy metals in soil, especially in exchangeable states, thereby reducing the bioavailability (availability) of the heavy metals, unless indicated to the contrary.
Because the heavy metal exists in the soil in two forms of a stable state and an exchangeable state, the heavy metal is difficult to release and utilize by plants, and the heavy metal residue in the plants is basically not caused; the latter is the main culprit of heavy metal accumulation in plants due to its biological effectiveness, and the mobility, so that exchangeable heavy metals are the object of remediation. Therefore, in this context, remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil refers to the reduction of exchangeable heavy metals in the soil. That is, in this context, unless indicated to the contrary, the term "heavy metal" and in particular heavy metals, refers to heavy metals which are in the respective exchangeable states. For heavy metals in plants, all are considered exchangeable.
The composition of the first aspect of the present invention may also comprise other remediation agents useful for soil heavy metal remediation, such as metal chelates, e.g., EDTA, but the composition of the first aspect of the present invention has a relatively good selective remediation effect, and may not comprise other remediation agents due to cost considerations. Preferably, therefore, the composition of the first aspect of the invention consists of lentinan and chitosan.
Preferably in the composition of the first aspect of the invention, the ratio of lentinan: the weight ratio of the chitosan is 5-100: 1-25, preferably 10-60: 2-15, more preferably 15-40: 3-10, more preferably 20-30: 5-8, most preferably 25: 6.5.
chitosan, including degraded low molecular weight chitosan and cross-linked high molecular weight chitosan, has been reported for soil remediation. There are many studies and the corresponding products are relatively mature (as described in chinese patent 01107664), from pharmaceutical grade chitosan, food grade chitosan, to industrial grade chitosan, so cheap chitosan products suitable for the needs of the present invention can be purchased from the market. In the present invention, the chitosan is preferably a non-pharmaceutical grade chitosan, and is also preferably a non-food grade chitosan. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the chitosan is a high molecular weight (100 kDa) chitosan purchased from chengdu american biotechnology limited, and although the heavy metal binding efficiency of the low molecular weight chitosan obtained after degradation, which is currently popular in the art, is not high, it is fully capable of being compounded with lentinan to synergistically reduce the residue of exchangeable heavy metals in soil.
In the present invention, the lentinan is a non-pharmaceutical grade lentinan, and preferably also a non-food grade lentinan. Lentinan, which is mainly used for medical care in the prior art, is a food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade lentinan (as described in chinese patent 92109345) and does not have industrial applicability in the field of the present invention at all in terms of cost. Therefore, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lentinan is lentinan prepared from edible fungi (such as fruiting body, mycorrhiza, and stipe or their combination, preferably edible fungi whole or mycorrhiza and stipe) by soaking, extracting, ultrafiltration intercepting, concentrating and drying, i.e., the lentinan is prepared by a method comprising or consisting of the following steps:
(1) soaking pulverized edible fungi (such as fruiting body, mycorrhiza, and stipe or their whole body, preferably edible fungi whole body or mycorrhiza, and stipe) and extracting, preferably soaking pulverized edible fungi in 70-95 deg.C water and extracting to obtain clear solution;
(2) subjecting the supernatant to ultrafiltration to retain high molecular weight products, such as products of not less than 10kDa, preferably not less than 20kDa, more preferably not less than 30 kDa; and,
(3) concentrating and drying.
In this context, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to medical applications to humans or animals. Medicinal products are completely different products with great difference from agricultural or agricultural medicinal products in the technical field, and the technical personnel in the field of the invention can not generate any confusion. In this context, it is preferred that the substances used (e.g. chitosan and/or lentinan) have an impurity content above the upper limit of the pharmaceutical product or food and/or a homogeneity (purity) below the lower limit of the pharmaceutical product or food.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a selective soil heavy metal remediation formulation comprising a composition according to the first aspect of the invention and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant. In this context, the term "agriculturally acceptable adjuvant" refers to an agriculturally acceptable auxiliary substance which does not affect the efficacy of the agriculturally active material. Agriculturally acceptable adjuvants include pH adjusters, fillers, solvents, cosolvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, coemulsifiers, antifreeze agents, defoamers, thickeners, stabilizers, and/or binders.
Preferably in the formulation of the second aspect of the invention, the pH adjuster is an alkaline pH adjuster, such as one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
In this context, the filler may be used interchangeably with the carrier and may typically be one or more of kaolin, precipitated calcium carbonate, white carbon, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, clay, activated clay, nacrite, talc, rice hulls, corn cobs, and turf.
Preferably the formulation of the second aspect of the invention comprises a pH adjuster and/or a filler, such as potassium carbonate and/or peat. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the agriculturally acceptable adjuvant in the formulation consists of potassium carbonate and turf.
Preferably the formulation of the second aspect of the invention is a solid formulation, such as a powder. The inventors have found that the formulation of the second aspect of the invention can be broadcast as a solid formulation whilst still achieving the efficacy of soil selective heavy metal remediation. Compared with a large amount of solution preparations in the prior art, the method can reduce the large amount of spraying and sprinkling of the solvent, and has more obvious advantages for the trend of continuous decline of rural labor population in China.
More preferably in the formulation of the second aspect of the invention, the composition of the first aspect of the invention: pH regulator: the weight ratio of the filler is 5-100: 1-10: 10 to 500, preferably 10 to 60: 2-8: 25-100, more preferably 20-40: 3-7: 45-80, more preferably 25-35: 4-6: 55-70, most preferably 31.5: 5: 63.5.
in a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention for remediating cadmium and/or chromium contamination of soil; and/or, there is provided the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention in the manufacture of a formulation for remediating cadmium and/or chromium contamination of soil (preferably the formulation is a formulation according to the second aspect of the invention); and/or, there is provided the use of a formulation according to the second aspect of the invention for remediating cadmium and/or chromium contamination of soil.
Preferably in the use of the third aspect of the invention, the repair is selective repair. In this context, the term "selective" means that the target (which reduces the soil contamination residue) is a harmful heavy metal such as cadmium and/or chromium, rather than a beneficial heavy metal such as zinc, which is generally considered beneficial to plants. It is especially beneficial to the non-zinc-rich soil in the vast farmlands in China. Of course, the composition of the first aspect of the invention or the formulation of the second aspect of the invention may also have some efficacy in remediating lead contamination of soil.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention in a plant grown on soil; and/or, there is provided the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention in the preparation of a formulation for growing plants on soil (preferably the formulation is a formulation according to the second aspect of the invention); and/or, there is provided the use of a formulation according to the second aspect of the invention in plants grown on soil.
Preferably in the use of the fourth aspect of the invention, the plant is one in which the edible or medicinal parts of the plant are susceptible to accumulation of cadmium and/or chromium, is one in which the plant growth is susceptible to cadmium and/or chromium contamination, and/or is a plant in which zinc is beneficial to the plant, such as rice, tea, etc. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the plant is tea tree.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a composition of the first aspect of the invention for improving the quality of a plant grown on soil; and/or, there is provided the use of a composition of the first aspect of the invention in the manufacture of a formulation for improving the quality of plants grown on soil (preferably the formulation is a formulation of the second aspect of the invention); and/or, there is provided the use of a formulation according to the second aspect of the invention for improving the quality of plants grown on soil.
Preferably in the use of the fifth aspect of the invention, the plant quality is the quality of cadmium and/or chromium residues in the plant. Of course, the composition of the first aspect of the invention or the formulation of the second aspect of the invention may also have some effect on improving the quality of lead residue in plants. Also preferably in the use of the fifth aspect of the invention, the plant quality is tea quality of tea plant. In an embodiment of the invention, improving the tea quality refers to reducing the cadmium and/or chromium (and/or lead) residue without affecting the quality such as the amino acid content and the caffeine content.
Preferably in the use of the third, fourth and/or fifth aspect of the invention, the soil is a non-zinc-rich soil. The soil is widely distributed in China, and the advantages brought by the selectivity of the invention can be more reflected.
Although the invention is still effective on lead, it is preferred that the soil is non-lead contaminated soil in the third, fourth and/or fifth aspect of the invention, since the efficiency of remediation is low, unless the soil is also cadmium and/or chromium contaminated soil.
Preferably in the use of the third, fourth and/or fifth aspect of the invention, the use is of applying a solid formulation (e.g. a dust) directly to the soil. As mentioned above, the advantages are more obvious for the trend that the working population of rural areas in China is continuously reduced.
In the studies of the present inventors it was surprisingly found that medium doses of the composition or formulation of the present invention have an even better effect on the reduction of cadmium and/or chromium residues in plants than high doses, and that the application of medium doses is particularly advantageous in view of the cost, although soil remediation presents a dose-effect relationship. It is therefore preferred that in the use of the third, fourth and/or fifth aspect of the present invention, the application is applied to the soil at a dose of 8 to 15 kg/acre (preferably 9 to 14 kg/acre, more preferably 10 to 13 kg/acre, still more preferably 10.5 to 12 kg/acre, most preferably 11.25 kg/acre) as calculated for lentinan. Herein, the term "calculated as lentinan" means that the amount of the composition or formulation of the present invention applied is calculated as the amount of lentinan applied, not just lentinan.
In a sixth aspect, which is also the most important aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for increasing the yield of plants on heavy metal co-contaminated soil; and/or, there is provided the use of a composition of the first aspect of the invention in the manufacture of a formulation (preferably the formulation of the second aspect of the invention) for increasing the yield of plants on heavy metal co-contaminated soil; and/or, the use of the formulation of the second aspect of the invention for increasing the yield of plants on heavy metal co-contaminated soil is provided.
In this context, "combined" contamination with heavy metals refers to contamination with multiple (two or more) heavy metals. Preferably in the use of the sixth aspect of the invention, the heavy metal is two or more of cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic, preferably lead, chromium and arsenic. The inventor finds that various heavy metals in the soil, even if the content of each heavy metal is not very high, can have stress effect on plants, influence the growth of the plants and cause the reduction of the yield of the plants. The composition and the preparation thereof in the first aspect of the invention can obviously relieve the stress effect of heavy metals on plants and can improve the yield of the plants.
Preferably, in the sixth aspect of the present invention, the content of cadmium in the soil is 0.2-0.5 mg/kg of soil, preferably 0.25-0.4 mg/kg of soil, such as 0.32mg/kg of soil;
the content of lead is 10-50 mg/kg of soil, preferably 20-40 mg/kg of soil, such as 23mg/kg or 31mg/kg of soil;
the content of chromium is 10-120 mg/kg of soil, preferably 20-100 mg/kg of soil, such as 28mg/kg of soil or 88mg/kg of soil; or,
the content of arsenic is 5-15 mg/kg soil, preferably 6-10 mg/kg soil, such as 8.0mg/kg soil.
Very surprisingly, the inventors have found that if it is only desired to increase the yield of plants, the composition of the first aspect of the invention or a formulation thereof need not be applied in large amounts, which can save costs. Preferably, the sixth aspect of the present invention is the use of applying to soil at a dosage of 0.03 to 0.15g/kg soil (preferably 0.05 to 0.1 g/kg soil, more preferably 0.06 to 0.09 g/kg soil, still more preferably 0.07 to 0.08 g/kg soil, most preferably 0.075g/kg soil) based on lentinan. The composition of the first aspect of the present invention or the preparation thereof may be applied by uniformly mixing the composition into soil (e.g., soil in which the roots of the plant can reach deep to the surface of the soil), by directly mixing and stirring the composition in the case of pot culture or greenhouse culture, or by mixing the composition in the case of deep ploughing in the case of field culture.
Preferably in the use according to the sixth aspect of the invention the yield is increased to a yield substantially corresponding to the yield on the corresponding soil free of combined heavy metal contamination, such as to a yield of 90% or more, more preferably 92% or more, such as 93% or more, of the corresponding soil free of combined heavy metal contamination. For the sake of clarity, the corresponding soil free of heavy metal co-contamination refers to the soil having the same composition except heavy metal contamination as compared to the heavy metal co-contamination soil.
In the use of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the plant may be an edible plant or a non-edible plant. Typical non-edible plants are forest trees, plants for paper making or industrial extraction, ornamental plants, and the like. Therefore, preferably in the use of the sixth aspect of the invention, the plant is capsicum.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly that the composition or the preparation of the invention has the advantages of selectivity: repairing chromium and/or cadmium (and/or lead) pollution in soil, improving chromium and/or cadmium (and/or lead) residue of planted plants, and having synergistic effect; meanwhile, the zinc content in the soil is not reduced basically, the beneficial plant quality of the zinc is not reduced, and the method is favorable for popularization in vast non-zinc-rich farmland soil in China. Namely, the selectivity has the advantages that on one hand, the application amount of the zinc fertilizer can be potentially reduced, on the other hand, the remediation efficiency of the chromium and/or cadmium (and/or lead) pollution of the soil is improved, the requirements of practical application are met, and the popularization is convenient. In addition, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the composition or the preparation of the invention can be directly applied to soil in the form of solid preparation, so that the labor and the cost required by application can be reduced; the compositions or formulations of the present invention are preferably administered at non-high dose rates, which can reduce labor and cost associated with administration, as well as reduce the cost of product storage and shipping; the optimized composition or preparation of the invention has low production cost and is more beneficial to popularization and use in wide farmland soil in China. More importantly, the method can be used for improving the yield of plants on the heavy metal combined polluted soil and makes a contribution to fully utilizing the limited land resources in China.
For the sake of understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific examples. It is to be expressly understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. Many variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of this specification. In addition, the disclosures of the present invention are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if reproduced herein in their entirety in order to more clearly describe the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below by way of example with reference to specific examples, which are given in the following, if not in full, to the corresponding laboratory manuals, instructions for the use of the equipment and reagents and the relevant guidelines of the department of agriculture.
Example 1 preparation of soil remediation Agents of the invention
The chitosan (Chengdu American biotechnology limited) and lentinan contained in the soil remediation agent can be commercially available products, but preferably the lentinan with larger dosage can be prepared according to the following method, so that the cost is lower, and the soil remediation agent is more suitable for popularization and application.
(1) Preparation of lentinan
Pulverizing fruiting body of Lentinus Edodes, sieving with 30 mesh sieve, collecting powder capable of sieving 200kg (particles incapable of sieving are crushed by pulverizer), adding 1000L water, soaking at 80 deg.C for 1 hr while stirring, and filtering to obtain clear solution; soaking the residue in 1000L water at 80 deg.C for 1 hr while stirring, and filtering to obtain clear liquid; soaking the residue in 1000L water at 80 deg.C for 1 hr while stirring, and filtering to obtain clear solution. And combining the clear liquids, performing ultrafiltration by a hollow fiber ultrafiltration system (available from Millipore company, Biomax-30, USA) with the molecular weight cutoff of 30kDa, concentrating the obtained cut part to one tenth of the volume by a double-effect concentrator (available from Shanxi Changtai industry Co., Ltd.), and drying by a vacuum drier (available from Shanxi Changtai industry Co., Ltd.) until the water content is not more than 10% (w/w), thus obtaining the lentinan of the invention.
(2) Preparation of soil remediation agent
Taking 25kg of lentinan and 6.5kg of chitosan, adding 5kg of potassium carbonate (as a pH regulator, and can be purchased from Zhengzhou blue space fine product chemical industry Co., Ltd.) powder, uniformly mixing, adding 63.5kg of turf (namely peat which can be purchased from Pi county Jiasen gardening farm as a filler), uniformly mixing, and bagging to obtain the soil remediation agent (powder) disclosed by the invention.
In addition, 6.5kg of chitosan is taken, 5kg of potassium carbonate powder is added, and 88.5kg of turf is added after uniform mixing to serve as a positive control 1; taking 25kg of lentinan, adding 5kg of potassium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing, adding 70kg of turf, and uniformly mixing to obtain a positive control 2; 5kg of potassium carbonate powder and 95kg of turf are uniformly mixed to serve as a negative control.
Example 2 research on soil heavy metal remediation and plant quality improvement by the soil remediation agent of the present invention
Entrusted the institute of soil fertilizer of agricultural science academy of Sichuan province in the Pidgeon county to carry out field test in the tea garden where No. 9 Sichuan tea is planted, when the test is started, the following soil remediation agent or control is directly spread in randomly grouped plots, soil is turned over to cover the plots, and the rest is managed according to the conventional tea garden:
a, negative control group: negative control, 90 kg/acre;
b, positive control group 1: positive control 1, 90 kg/mu;
c, positive control group 2: positive control 2, 90 kg/mu;
d, low dose experimental group: the soil remediation agent of the invention is 22.5 kg/mu;
e, medium dose experimental group: the soil remediation agent of the invention is 45 kg/mu;
f, high dose experimental group: the soil remediation agent of the invention is 90 kg/mu.
Taking each group of soil for heavy metal element analysis 90 days after the test; at 150 days after the start of the test (i.e. tea leaf picking period), the picked tea leaves were analyzed for heavy metal elements and quality indicators.
The soil heavy metal analysis results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Table of analysis results of heavy metals in tea garden soil of different groups
The result shows that the chitosan alone can non-selectively reduce the content of exchangeable heavy metals in the soil, and when the chitosan is applied in a large dose, the content of exchangeable heavy metals in the soil can be reduced by about 10 percent; the effect of lentinan on reducing heavy metals in soil alone is irregular, the contents of lead and zinc are not influenced basically, but the contents of chromium and cadmium can be reduced. Unexpectedly, the composition of chitosan and lentinan can selectively and greatly reduce the content of chromium and cadmium, the reduction effect of medium dosage is even better than the sum of single application of large dosage of chitosan and lentinan, and the synergistic reduction effect is obvious; furthermore, the composition does not substantially affect the zinc content of the soil, which is very beneficial for tea. Therefore, although this composition also reduces the capacity of adsorption of the exchangeable forms of lead in the soil, its advantages are clearly evident in the case of non-lead but chromium and/or cadmium contaminated soils.
The analysis results of heavy metals and quality indexes in tea are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 analysis results of heavy metals and quality index of different groups of tea leaves
The result shows that the chitosan alone can non-selectively reduce the residual quantity of harmful heavy metals in the tea, and can reduce about 10% of lead, cadmium and chromium when being applied in large dose; the effect of lentinan on reducing harmful heavy metals in tea leaves alone is irregular, the content of lead is not influenced basically, and the residual quantity of chromium and cadmium can be reduced. Unexpectedly, the combination of chitosan and lentinan, which selectively reduces the residual amount of chromium and cadmium substantially, has a synergistic reducing effect, and more surprisingly, the reducing effect of medium dose is even better than that of large dose application, which is to be further studied; moreover, the composition does not basically reduce other quality indexes of the tea leaves and even slightly increases part of the tea leaves because the content of zinc beneficial to the tea trees in the soil is not basically influenced; and when the chitosan is applied independently, the exchangeable zinc in the soil is reduced, so that other quality indexes of the tea, such as amino acid, caffeine and the like, which are influenced by the zinc, are reduced by about 10 percent or even more. Therefore, the composition has very obvious effect on reducing the residual quantity of chromium and/or cadmium in plants, has certain effect on reducing the lead content, is more rarely obtained, is realized under the condition of not reducing or even improving the quality indexes of tea amino acid, caffeine and the like, and is very beneficial to application and popularization; in addition, the effect of medium dose application is most obvious in combination, especially the high dose application can increase the residual indexes of the septa and chromium in the tea leaves, and in combination with the cost, the composition of the invention is preferably applied to a tea garden at 45 kg/mu (2.925 kg/mu of chitosan + 11.25 kg/mu of lentinan).
Example 3 research on planting Capsicum annuum in lead-chromium-arsenic contaminated soil by the soil remediation agent of the present invention
An indoor pot experiment was conducted at the institute of soil fertilizer, academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province, and two-twig peppers (purchased from academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province) were planted. The test soil is taken from Xingxing county of Pu-Jiang county of Sichuan province, the As content is 8.0mg/kg, the Cr content is 87.6mg/kg, the Pb content is 31.0mg/kg, the test soil is soil jointly polluted by lead, chromium and arsenic, the acre yield of locally planted plants is 15-50% lower than that of adjacent areas not polluted by factories and mines; in addition, the excellent pollution-free soil is taken, wherein the content of As is 0.11mg/kg, the content of Cr is 5.6mg/kg, and the content of Pb is 1.5 mg/kg. Directly mixing the following soil repairing agents or controls into corresponding soil in randomly grouped pots when a test is started, then transplanting pepper seedlings with just 3-4 leaves, and uniformly managing the rest water and fertilizer:
CK: no contamination control group: the soil repairing agent is used in pollution-free soil without being mixed in
A, contamination control group: lead, chromium and arsenic are used for jointly polluting soil, and the soil remediation agent is not mixed;
b, low dose experimental group: lead, chromium and arsenic are used for jointly polluting soil, and 0.15g/kg of soil is mixed with the soil remediation agent;
c, medium dose experimental group: lead, chromium and arsenic are used for jointly polluting soil, and 0.3g/kg of soil is mixed with the soil remediation agent;
d, high dose experimental group: lead, chromium and arsenic are used for jointly polluting soil, and 0.45g/kg of soil is mixed in the soil remediation agent.
And picking and weighing the peppers after harvesting. The analysis results of the yield index of pepper are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 analysis results of yield index of pepper of different groups
The results show that the chitosan and lentinan composition can greatly increase the yield of hot pepper even for the soil polluted by lead, chromium and arsenic, can basically reach the yield level of pollution-free excellent soil when applied at medium and high doses, and particularly unexpectedly, after the dosage of the composition is increased to a certain level (0.3 g/kg of soil, namely 0.0195g/kg of chitosan and 0.075g/kg of lentinan) on the soil polluted by heavy metal, the yield-increasing efficiency is passivated, so that the composition can be applied at a low dose. Preferably at this level, it is particularly beneficial to reduce application costs while increasing production.
Claims (10)
1. Use of a soil selective heavy metal remediation composition or a formulation comprising the same for increasing the yield of plants on heavy metal co-contaminated soil, wherein the composition comprises, preferably consists of, lentinan and chitosan.
2. The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of lentinan: the weight ratio of the chitosan is 5-100: 1-25, preferably 10-60: 2-15, more preferably 15-40: 3-10, more preferably 20-30: 5-8, most preferably 25: 6.5.
3. use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lentinan is a non-pharmaceutical grade lentinan, preferably also a non-food grade lentinan, more preferably a lentinan prepared from edible fungi by soaking extraction, ultrafiltration interception and concentration drying.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises the soil-selective heavy metal remediation composition and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant;
preferably, the agriculturally acceptable auxiliary materials comprise pH regulators, fillers, solvents, cosolvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, coemulsifiers, antifreezes, defoamers, thickeners, stabilizers, and/or binders, preferably pH regulators and/or fillers, such as potassium carbonate and/or turf;
it is also preferred that the formulation is a solid formulation, such as a powder.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the soil-selective heavy metal remediation composition: pH regulator: the weight ratio of the filler is 5-100: 1-10: 10 to 500, preferably 10 to 60: 2-8: 25-100, more preferably 20-40: 3-7: 45-80, more preferably 25-35: 4-6: 55-70, most preferably 31.5: 5: 63.5.
6. use according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal is two or more of cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic, preferably lead, chromium and arsenic.
7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the cadmium is present in the soil in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5mg/kg, preferably 0.25 to 0.4mg/kg, such as 0.32 mg/kg; the lead content is 10-50 mg/kg, preferably 20-40 mg/kg, such as 23mg/kg or 31 mg/kg; the content of chromium is 10-120 mg/kg, preferably 20-100 mg/kg, such as 28mg/kg or 88 mg/kg; alternatively, the arsenic content is 5-15 mg/kg, preferably 6-10 mg/kg, such as 8.0 mg/kg.
8. Use according to claim 1, wherein the application is the application to the soil in a dose of 0.03 to 0.15g/kg (preferably 0.05 to 0.1 g/kg, more preferably 0.06 to 0.09 g/kg, even more preferably 0.07 to 0.08 g/kg, most preferably 0.075 g/kg) based on lentinan.
9. Use according to claim 1, wherein the yield is increased to a value substantially corresponding to the yield on corresponding soil free from combined heavy metal contamination.
10. Use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant is capsicum.
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| CN104119922A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-29 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Cadmium-polluted soil repair agent containing phosphate and application thereof |
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| CN105778920A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-07-20 | 山东水木佳土壤改良科技服务股份有限公司 | Heavy metal vanadium control agent, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108838205A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-20 | 南京怡可帮生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of biological amassing capacity of rehabilitating soil arsenic pollution |
| CN108927406A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-04 | 南京怡可帮生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of arsenic in soil pollution ecology restorative procedure and application |
| CN108941193A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 南京怡可帮生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of arsenic in soil cadmium lead zinc combined pollution bioengineering restorative procedure and application |
| CN108941192A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 南京怡可帮生态环境科技有限公司 | A kind of arsenic in soil method for governing pollution and application |
| CN109006242A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-18 | 贵州理工学院 | Between the practice joint AM fungi method that reduces cadmium, Zn content in capsicum and soil |
| CN114621890A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-06-14 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Compound microbial agent for adsorbing and removing heavy metal elements in soil and preparation method thereof |
| RU2819720C1 (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-05-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный горный университет" | COMPOSITE GRANULAR SORBENT BASED ON NATURAL MATERIALS, ENRICHED WITH Fe2O3, FOR RECULTIVATION OF LANDS CONTAMINATED WITH As3+ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104119923A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104117534A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104117533B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN104119922A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104117533A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104119923B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
| CN104119924A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104119922B (en) | 2017-09-29 |
| CN104117534B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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