CN104012289B - Cultivation method of tea tree bonsai with multicolor bud leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating tea tree bonsai with various forms, which is a method for making buds and leaves of different colors, different leaf shapes and beautiful tree shapes from the same plant. This method is to select old tea trees with beautiful branches over 15 years old as rootstocks, trim them according to the natural shape of the tea trees, and only keep the shape of the backbone branches, and then use the cuttings and belly of several tea tree branches with different buds, leaves, and leaves. The grafting method is grafted on the stump in layers and regions, and then through pruning and coiling to make straight-dry, oblique-dry, horizontal-dry, curved-dry, or cliff-like leaf colors, leaf shapes, and tree stumps. Beautiful tea tree bonsai. Through the implementation of the present invention, the ornamental value of tea tree bonsai is improved, and through the combination of tea culture and bonsai art, it can not only satisfy people's unique complex for tea trees, but also meet people's aesthetic needs for bonsai. Tea tree bonsai has opened up a new way for the development and dissemination of tea culture, and provided a new perspective for the in-depth development of tea tree resources. It is a new growth point of the tea industry and can bring good economic benefits to the tea industry.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of polychromatic bud-leaf tea tree bonsai

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating bonsai, in particular to a method for cultivating tea tree bonsai with various shapes.

Background technique

Tea tree is one of the important economic crops with high ornamental value. Many people, especially those in the tea industry, have a unique love for tea, and tea tree bonsai has great market potential. Although many people have proposed the application of the ornamental value of tea trees in gardens, potted plants, and bonsai in the past ten years, there are very few studies on how to apply it in bonsai. Tea trees are rich in variety resources, diverse in shape, easy to reproduce, strong in germination, and can enjoy both flowers and fruits. They are suitable for making bonsai and have extremely high ornamental value.

At present, the cultivation of tea tree bonsai is mainly to directly excavate old tea tree stumps and plant them in pots, and prune them into bonsai, or start planting, cultivating, and pruning them into bonsai from the young tea seedlings. The former method is to excavate stems with a thickness of 5-10cm and good branch shape, choose old tea trees with old or even semi-decayed branches, and cut off excess branches, leaves and roots according to the shape requirements, that is, put them in pots. According to the natural shape of the tea tree, it is shaped after pruning and cultivation. Although tea trees are generally suitable for making bonsai and have high ornamental value, compared with other plant materials for making bonsai, they have some defects of their own, such as large leaves, and their ornamental value is average compared to other bonsai materials. It is also one of the reasons why China has discovered and discovered tea for four to five thousand years, but it has not been used as a bonsai material. The latter method of making tea tree bonsai is to use tea trees such as Qiqu, Rhododendron, and White Cockscomb to make them, use short branches of tea trees to cut and then shape them by pruning. This method also does not well solve the problem that the tea tree is not suitable for making bonsai due to the nature of its botanical characteristics.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, a method for cultivating tea tree bonsai with multi-colored buds and leaves is provided, in which scions of tea tree varieties with different tea buds and leaves are grafted in layers and regions. On the stumps of old tea trees with straight and straight branches, the tea trees are shaped by pruning and coiling to make different styles of tea tree bonsai, forming tea tree bonsai with rich colors and beautiful tree shapes, which greatly improves the ornamental value of tea trees.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for cultivating multi-color bud-leaf tea tree bonsai, the method steps are as follows:

(1) Selection of tree stumps: Choose old tea trees that are more than 15 years old and suitable for making bonsai as stumps. According to the natural shape of the old tea tree stumps, it is conceived that the tea tree bonsai will be made into straight dry, oblique dry, horizontal dry, and curved dry. , or cliff-style, and then cut off other branches and leaves according to the idea, keeping only the backbone of the shape, cut off the wound and apply healing agent.

(2) Excavate stumps: Excavate at a diameter of 1.5 meters at the stump, with a depth of 0.8-1.2 meters, dig obliquely toward the bottom of the soil ball, cut off the main root system, and dig out old tea tree stumps; keep the soil balls from loosening to reduce damage to tea trees Absorb the root damage, maintain the number of absorbed roots, and finally fix the soil ball with a straw rope. Digging for stumps can be done year-round, with the best times being December, January and February.

(3) Upper basin: Trim the roots of the old tea tree stumps dug back, brush the root wounds with a solution of 200-300ppm concentration of naphthalene acetic acid, and then plant them in pottery clay pots of appropriate size. After planting, use a concentration of 15-20ppm Naphthalene acetic acid solution poured thoroughly; the above-mentioned pottery clay pots are covered with bricks and tiles, humus, river sand and tea garden soil successively from bottom to top, and the volume ratio of bricks and tiles, humus, river sand and tea garden soil is 1 :2:2:2.

(4) Stump management: Do a good job of water and fertilizer management and pest control of tree stumps (according to the existing technology, the same below).

(5) Bending branches: After the stump resumes its growth, some branches are bent by sawing wedges. First determine the area and curvature that need to be bent, saw several wooden wedges in the curved area, take out the wooden wedges and bend them. Slowly bend the branches by hand to the desired curvature, and then fix them with wire. After the bending is completed, tie the wound with brown leather or cotton cloth.

(6) Grafting: After the branches recover, use the old tea tree stump as the rootstock, and select the semi-lignified annual branches of the upper part of the mature tree of the specific tea tree variety with different colors of buds and leaves, which grow vigorously, are free of diseases and insect pests, and have full buds as the scion , using the grafting method of skin insertion and abdominal grafting to graft in layers and regions on the backbone branches of the old tea tree stump, the grafting interface is tied with grafting strips, and then bagged;

(7) Management after grafting: After the grafting survives, take out the bag, untie it, remove the tiller, do a good job in fertilizer and water management and prevent and control of diseases and insect pests; if the grafting fails, it must be repaired in time.

(8) Shaping and pruning: Conceive the design drawing of the bonsai according to the backbone and branches of the tea tree, pruning and tying the branches according to the conception, and making straight stems, oblique stems, horizontal stems, curved stems, or cliffs tea tree bonsai.

There are many special varieties of tea trees, which have unique bud and leaf colors and leaf shapes. The buds and leaves of the tea trees mentioned in the present invention have purple, white, yellow and flower colors; such as purple buds, rhododendrons, Yangxian Purple bamboo shoots, purple bud bergamot, etc.; yellow ones include golden buds, golden chrysanthemums, yellow-leaf narcissus, etc.; white ones include Anji white tea, Yinxue white tea, Sibai tea, etc.; Leaf shapes are oval, ovate, lanceolate, fan-shaped and incomplete.

In the present invention, the scions of several tea tree varieties with different tea bud colors are grafted in layers and regions on the old tea stumps with the same shape and branches, so that the same plant can grow buds of different colors at the same time. The rich leaves and leaf colors make up for the shortcomings of large leaves in the tea tree making bonsai; then according to the natural shape of the old tea tree stump, the tea tree is shaped by pruning and piercing, and the straight dry type, oblique dry type, horizontal dry type, The tea tree bonsai with curved stem or cliff form forms a tea tree bonsai with rich colors and beautiful tree shapes, which makes up for the defects that the roots and stems of the tea tree are too monotonous, and greatly improves the ornamental value of the tea tree bonsai. At the same time, the combination of tea culture and bonsai art, the beautiful color and tree shape of the tea tree stump, enhance the aesthetic value of the special tea tree bonsai.

The cultivation method of the present invention not only has the characteristics of short cultivation period and low cost, but also effectively compensates for the defects of making bonsai from tea trees, solves the technical problem that the bonsai of tea trees is not beautiful when the rootstock base diameter is selected, and creates beautifully colored tea bonsai. , the beauty of shape improves the ornamental value of the multi-color bud-leaf tea tree stump bonsai.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the form after the pruning of the old tea tree stump of selection in the present invention, has marked the desired bending position of the branch.

Fig. 2 is the form after the stump branch of the present invention bends, has shown the grafting point of selection, desired grafting method and desired scion tree species.

Among them: a and b represent grafting points, a represents skin insertion method, b represents abdominal grafting method, B represents purple bud, C represents golden bud, and D represents Anji white tea.

Fig. 3 is the figure after the old tea stump of the present invention is coiled.

Fig. 4 is the tea tree bonsai formed by the embodiment of the present invention.

Among them: A is the branch of tea sticks, which is green; B is the branch of purple bud, which is purple; C is the branch of golden bud, which is yellow; D is the branch of Anji white tea, the buds and leaves are white in spring and gradually turn green.

Detailed ways

The following examples only further describe the cultivation steps of the present invention in detail, but do not limit the present invention.

(1) Stump selection: The selected old tea stumps are 16-year-old stumps, which are pruned according to the natural shape of the stumps into the shape of the upper part of the soil in the pot as shown in Figure 1.

(2) Excavating stumps: Excavate at a diameter of 1.5 meters at the stump, with a depth of 0.8 meters, dig obliquely toward the bottom of the soil ball, cut off the main root system, dig out old tea tree stumps, keep the dormant soil as loose as possible, and finally tie the soil with a straw rope The ball is fixed. The dug stumps are placed in a cool place to shade, and a small amount of water is sprayed on the tea trees to keep them moisturized.

(3) Upper basin: Choose a pottery pot with a pot body about 1/2 of the crown. The volume ratio of river sand and tea garden soil is 1:2:2:2. Prune the roots of the dug back old tea tree stumps, cut off the rotten roots and overlong taproots of the tea trees, and keep the fibrous roots as much as possible; brush the root wound with a 250ppm concentration of naphthalene acetic acid solution, and then plant it in a clay pot. After planting, pour it thoroughly with a solution of naphthaleneacetic acid at a concentration of 18ppm;

(4) Stump management: Water thoroughly when the soil surface is white or the leaves are slightly drooping. The watering time is 8:00 am to 10:00 am every day, and 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm is the best. Do a good job in water and fertilizer management of tree stumps and pests and diseases Prevention and treatment (for the existing conventional technology).

(5) Curved branches: After the stump resumes its growth, use the sawing wedge method to bend the branches at positions 1-3 in Figure 1. First determine the area and curvature that need to be bent, and saw several wooden wedges in the curved area , Take out the wooden wedge and bend it, slowly bend the branch to the desired curvature by hand, and then fix it with a wire. After the bending is completed, bind the wound with brown leather or cotton cloth. The shape of the bent stump is shown in Figure 2.

(6) Grafting: after bending, cultivate for half a year for grafting, using skin grafting and abdominal grafting. Use the old tea tree stump as the rootstock, select the position of the grafting point as shown in Figure 2, and cut the purple buds, golden buds, and annual branches from the upper part of the Anji white tea mature tree as the scion to ensure that the branches are semi-lignified, grow robustly, and have no pests and diseases. Buds are full , according to the position shown in Figure 2, respectively grafted on the old tea tree with the skin insertion method and the abdominal grafting method. The form of the scion is one bud and one leaf (the leaves are whole leaves) or one bud and two leaves (half of the second leaf is cut off), the upper end of the scion is about 0.5cm away from the bud, the upper end is cut flat, and the lower half of the short branch is cut to grow 3-5cm oblique wedge shape, the knife penetrates about 1/2 of the xylem first, and then bevels forward to the apex. Cut a knife on the left and right sides of the back of the scion, the length should be short, and sharpen the scion at about 1.5cm. Make a vertical cut on the smooth part of the bark of the rootstock, reaching deep into the xylem, and then insert the scion, so that the cambium of both sides is aligned, and the scion is left blank for 0.5 cm, and then tie it with a plastic strip 50 cm wide and 1.5 times the diameter of the root stock. The wound surface was tied tightly, and then bagged.

(7) Management after grafting: 1) Supplementary grafting: Observe the grafting situation every 15 days after grafting, and make up the grafting failure in time. 2) Desprouting and untying: After the grafting survives, the scion has stabilized in about 25 days, and the new shoots sprout and elongate. When the new shoots grow to the top of the bag, cut holes in the top of the bag in time to let the new shoots break naturally. The bag grows, and the bag can be removed after the new shoots are mature. Afterwards, depending on the healing of the interface, remove the film band in due course. At the same time, do a good job in fertilizer and water management and pest control.

(8) Plastic pruning: When the tea tree is in the growth period, it is necessary to wipe the buds, pick the heart, pick the leaves, and damage the branches. During the off-year period, the tea trees are shaped by short pruning, retraction, and thinning pruning. After the grafting survives, when the new plant grows about 20cm, it begins to take shape. The branches of the tea tree are soft, and they are tied according to the concept to form the posture in Figure 3, and finally the tea tree bonsai shown in Figure 4 is formed.

Claims (4)

1. a method for cultivating multi-color bud-leaf tea tree bonsai, characterized in that, the method steps are as follows: (1) Selection of tree stumps: select old tea trees with beautiful branches over 15 years old to make bonsai, and trim the branches and leaves according to the natural shape of the tea tree stumps, keeping only the backbone branches; (2) Excavating stumps: dig out old tea tree stumps, keep the soil balls from loosening, and fix the soil balls with straw ropes; (3) Upper basin: Trim the roots of the old tea tree stumps dug back, brush the root wounds with 200-300ppm concentration of naphthalene acetic acid solution, and then plant them in clay pots. After planting, use 15-20ppm concentration of naphthalene acetic acid pour the solution; (4) Stump management: do a good job in water and fertilizer management and pest control of tree stumps; (5) Bending branches: After the stump recovers, use sawing wedges to bend some branches. After the bending is completed, tie the wound with brown leather or cotton cloth; (6) Grafting: After the branches recover, use old tea tree stumps as rootstocks, and select the annual branches of the upper part of the mature trees with different bud and leaf colors and leaf shapes. The branches are scions, which are grafted on the backbone branches of old tea tree stumps in layers and regions using the grafting method of cutting skin and belly grafting. Purple, white, yellow and flower colors; the leaf shape is oval, ovate, lanceolate, fan-shaped and incomplete; the scion form is one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves, and the leaf is the whole leaf when one bud and one leaf , when one bud has two leaves, cut off half of the second leaf; (7) Management after grafting: after the grafting survives, take out the bag, untie it, remove the tiller, do a good job in fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests; (8) Shaping and pruning: Conceive the design drawing of the bonsai according to the backbone and branches of the tea tree, and pruning and tying the branches according to the concept to shape the tea tree bonsai. 2. the cultivation method of a kind of polychromatic bud-leaf tea tree bonsai as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when excavating stump in described step (2), be to excavate at stump diameter 1.5 meters, depth is 0.8- 1.2 meters, dig obliquely to the bottom of the soil ball, cut off the main root system, and dig out the old tea tree stump. 3. the cultivation method of a kind of polychromatic bud-leaf tea tree bonsai as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), be covered with brick particle, humus, River sand and tea garden soil, the volume ratio of bricks and tiles, humus, river sand and tea garden soil is 1:2:2:2. 4. the cultivation method of a kind of polychromatic bud-leaf tea tree bonsai as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the tea tree bonsai in the described step (8) is straight dry type, oblique dry type, horizontal dry type, curved dry type Type, or cliff-style tea tree bonsai.