CN103999765B - A kind of method of macadamia nut crossbreeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of macadamia nut crossbreeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999765B CN103999765B CN201410234111.9A CN201410234111A CN103999765B CN 103999765 B CN103999765 B CN 103999765B CN 201410234111 A CN201410234111 A CN 201410234111A CN 103999765 B CN103999765 B CN 103999765B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 title description 30
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 title description 30
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 title description 30
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000973497 Siphonognathus argyrophanes Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003053 completely randomized design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007198 pollen germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种澳洲坚果杂交育种的方法，属于果树杂交育种技术领域。它包括去雄、采集花粉和人工授粉三个步骤，其中去雄是在澳洲坚果盛花期，选择大部分花蕾发白、花被管裂开且花柱突出第1d的花序，去掉花被管没有裂开的小花，并对花柱突出第1d的小花进行疏除至每个花序留30-100朵小花，在小花花柱突出弯曲的部位切断花被管，切断的花被管上部分向外翻时或切断花被管10-30分钟后，去除花被片并套袋封口，得到去雄花序。本发明的方法有效的提高了澳洲坚果去雄的效率，使人工操作去雄更加简单快捷，同时避免了伪杂种的产生，提高了杂交种的纯度。The invention provides a method for hybrid breeding of macadamia nuts, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree hybrid breeding. It includes three steps of emasculation, pollen collection and artificial pollination. Among them, emasculation is during the full flowering period of macadamia nuts. Most of the flower buds are white, the perianth tubes are split and the style is protruding for the first day. The perianth tubes are removed without cracking. open florets, and thin out the florets with protruding styles until 30-100 florets are left in each inflorescence, cut off the perianth tube at the protruding and curved part of the floret style, and when the upper part of the cut perianth tube turns outward or After 10-30 minutes of cutting off the perianth tube, the perianth piece is removed and bagged and sealed to obtain the emasculated inflorescence. The method of the invention effectively improves the detasseling efficiency of macadamia nuts, makes manual detasseling simpler and faster, avoids the generation of false hybrids, and improves the purity of the hybrids.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field, specifically relate to a kind of method of macadamia nut crossbreeding.
Background technology
Macadamia nut (Macadamiaspp.), originates in the hylaeion hypotropicum of the Queensland, Australia southeast and New South Wales's north Coast, is perennial evergreen standard fruit-tree.China starts macadamia nut Introduction And Trial the seventies in last century, the cultivation history of existing more than 50 year now, the area under cultivation of macadamia nut has exceeded Australia of main product state, but commercial crop kind is external improved variety mainly, current China there is no the kind of oneself seed selection, in order to the needs of satisfied production and research, in order to seed selection is applicable to China climatic environment, there are the new varieties of independent intellectual property right, China started to start macadamia nut breeding work in 2009, and crossbreeding remains the main method of macadamia nut breeding of new variety, it is most important in macadamia nut breeding and the most effective approach, also be current most popular method.Because the ripening rate of macadamia nut is general lower, in order to obtain certain crossbreed subnumber, just must do more hybridization and spending number.In macadamia nut crossbreeding process, in order to ensure that obtaining institute configure the pure hybrid seed combined, it is one of important step that emasculation is hybridized.1954, Australian scholar URATA once tore tepal with pin, and the method that rear tweezers remove stamen carrys out emasculation, and within 2009, woods beautiful rainbow, Chen Xianguo etc. also carry out hybridization pollination test by the method to macadamia nut.This emasculating method is wasted time and energy, and the injured probability of column cap is comparatively large, and because injured column cap is many, fruit-setting rate is lower.Therefore, how overcoming deficiency of the prior art is the problem that current fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field needs solution badly.
Summary of the invention
For prior art above shortcomings, the object of this invention is to provide the emasculating method that a kind of operating efficiency is higher, avoid the generation of false hybrid, improve the purity of crossbreed.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method for macadamia nut crossbreeding, comprises the steps:
Step (1), emasculation: at macadamia nut full-bloom stage, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed to each inflorescence stay 30-100 little Hua, give prominence to bending position at little Hua style and cut off perianth tube, the perianth tube upper part cut off is to when turning up or cut off perianth tube after 10-30 minute, remove tepal and bagging sealing, obtain emasculation inflorescence, this method is referred to as Pipe Cutting and connects by emasculation method;
Step (2), gather pollen: to the same day of maternal inflorescence emasculation, male parent tree is selected to be about to open inflorescence bagging, inflorescence open within 24 hours in bag is selected before pollination, inflorescence is put in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 3-5 of left and right, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, the test tube wet towel having gathered pollen wraps up, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, and wet towel is advisable not drip, and obtains test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the emasculation inflorescence that step (1) obtains is after 40-48h, remove the wet towel of the pollination test tube outer wrapping that step (2) obtains, then pollination is put it in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 2-3 of left and right, namely complete pollination under moving up and down test tube 1-2, bagging, 10d drops back bag.
Cut-out perianth tube described in step (1) adopts sharp U-shaped little scissors.
The mode of the removal tepal described in step (1) is for remove gently with hand or tweezers.
Test tube specification described in step (2) is 25 × 200mm, and is the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth.
Often prop up pollination test tube that step (2) obtains to pollinate the emasculation inflorescence that 3-5 step (1) obtain.
The environmental condition that step (3) is pollinated is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, the weather of sunny, calm or gentle breeze.
Fall moderate rain or heavy rain in 24 hours after step (3) artificial pollination, need artificial pollination again.
Described artificial pollination period described in step (3) is late January to late Febuary or full-bloom stage, full-bloom stage be Parent putting artificial flowers on trees quantity between 25%-75% time.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention: it is once removed and successful emasculation by tepal that (1) Pipe Cutting of the present invention connects by emasculation method, and speed is fast, and injured column cap is less, the stigma appearing of flower of female parent, is convenient to pollination; (2) the present invention have studied macadamia nut florets feature, the flower pesticide loose powder time, Pistil recipient phase, pollen germination rate rush hour, pollen the Pollination Characteristics such as collection basis on, determine the emasculation time in macadamia nut artificial pollination, pollen collection time and method, pollination time and method and remove a bag time, effectively improve the efficiency of artificial hybridization pollination, avoid the generation of false hybrid, improve the purity of crossbreed; (3) through the final fruit-setting rate of the inventive method crossbreeding up to 6%, far away above the average fruit-setting rate of spontaneous pollination, wherein, the average fruit-setting rate of spontaneous pollination is 0.22%.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the amendment do the inventive method, step or condition or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
The macadamia nut kind D4 that the method for the present embodiment macadamia nut crossbreeding adopts is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and each selection 3 strains, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (1), emasculation: at the full-bloom stage of macadamia nut kind D4, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed stay 30 little Hua to each inflorescence, give prominence to bending position at little Hua style, perianth tube is cut off with sharp U-shaped little scissors, cut off perianth tube after 10 minutes, remove tepal gently with tweezers and bagging sealing, obtain emasculation inflorescence;
Step (2), gather pollen: to the same day of maternal inflorescence emasculation, the tree of male parent HAES900 is selected be about to open inflorescence bagging, inflorescence open within 24 hours in bag is selected before pollination, with specification be 25 × 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth gets pollen, inflorescence put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 3 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube; Label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, and wet towel is advisable not drip, and obtains test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the emasculation inflorescence that step (1) obtains is after 40h, remove the wet towel of the pollination test tube outer wrapping that step (2) obtains, then pollination is put it in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 2 times, moves up and down test tube and namely completes pollination 1 time, hang up label after bagging, indicate Parent, often prop up pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and can to pollinate the emasculation inflorescence that 3 steps (1) obtain; Pollination terminates rear 10d and removes bag.
Pollinated stage is late January; Pollination environmental condition be preferably temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, sunny, gentle breeze;
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of producing Crossbred is 5% (fruit-setting rate=number of bearing fruit/pollination flower number * 100%).
Embodiment 2
The macadamia nut kind D4 that the method for the present embodiment macadamia nut crossbreeding adopts is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and each selection 4 strains, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (1), emasculation: at the full-bloom stage of macadamia nut kind D4, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed stay 100 little Hua to each inflorescence, give prominence to bending position at little Hua style, perianth tube is cut off with sharp U-shaped little scissors, cut off perianth tube after 30 minutes, gently remove tepal with have gentle hands and bagging sealing, obtain emasculation inflorescence;
Step (2), gather pollen: to the same day of maternal inflorescence emasculation, the tree of male parent HAES900 is selected be about to open inflorescence bagging, inflorescence open within 24 hours in bag is selected before pollination, with specification be 25 × 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth gets pollen, inflorescence put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 5 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube; Label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, and wet towel is advisable not drip, and obtains test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the emasculation inflorescence that step (1) obtains is after 48h, remove the wet towel of the pollination test tube outer wrapping that step (2) obtains, then pollination is put it in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 3 times, moves up and down test tube and namely completes pollination 2 times, hang up label after bagging, indicate Parent, often prop up pollination test tube that step (2) obtains 5 steps (1) of can pollinating and obtain inflorescence; Pollination terminates rear 10d and removes bag.
Pollinated stage is late Febuary, pollination environmental condition be preferably temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, sunny, calm;
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of producing Crossbred is 5.6%.
Embodiment 3
The macadamia nut kind D4 that the method for the present embodiment macadamia nut crossbreeding adopts is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and each selection 5 strains, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (1), emasculation: at the full-bloom stage of macadamia nut kind D4, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed stay 60 little Hua to each inflorescence, give prominence to bending position at little Hua style, perianth tube is cut off with sharp U-shaped little scissors, the perianth tube upper part cut off, to when turning up, is gently removed tepal with have gentle hands and bagging sealing, is obtained emasculation inflorescence;
Step (2), gather pollen: to the same day of maternal inflorescence emasculation, the tree of male parent HAES900 is selected be about to open inflorescence bagging, inflorescence open within 24 hours in bag is selected before pollination, with specification be 25 × 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth gets pollen, inflorescence put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 4 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube; Label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, and wet towel is advisable not drip, and the test tube having gathered pollen is called pollination test tube;
Step (3), artificial pollination: step (1) obtains emasculation inflorescence after removal tepal 44h, remove the wet towel of the pollination test tube outer wrapping that step (2) obtains, then pollination is put it in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 2 times, moves up and down test tube and namely completes pollination 2 times, hang up label after bagging, indicate Parent, often prop up pollination test tube that step (2) obtains 4 steps (1) of can pollinating and obtain inflorescence; Pollination terminates rear 10d and removes bag.
Pollinated stage is early Febuary; Pollination environmental condition be preferably temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, sunny, calm;
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of producing Crossbred is 6%.
Embodiment 4
The macadamia nut kind 788 that the method for the present embodiment macadamia nut crossbreeding adopts is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and each selection 3 strains, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step (1), emasculation: at the full-bloom stage of macadamia nut kind 788, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed stay 50 little Hua to each inflorescence, give prominence to bending position at little Hua style, perianth tube is cut off with sharp U-shaped little scissors, cut off perianth tube after 20 minutes, remove tepal gently with tweezers and bagging sealing, obtain emasculation inflorescence;
Step (2), gather pollen: to the same day of maternal inflorescence emasculation, the tree of male parent HAES900 is selected be about to open inflorescence bagging, inflorescence open within 24 hours in bag is selected before pollination, with specification be 25 × 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth gets pollen, inflorescence put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 4 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube; Label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, and wet towel is advisable not drip, and the test tube having gathered pollen is called pollination test tube;
Step (3), artificial pollination: step (1) obtains emasculation inflorescence after removal tepal 45h, remove the wet towel of the pollination test tube outer wrapping that step (2) obtains, then pollination is put it in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 3 times, moves up and down test tube and namely completes pollination 2 times, hang up label after bagging, indicate Parent, often prop up pollination test tube that step (2) obtains 4 steps (1) of can pollinating and obtain inflorescence; Pollination terminates rear 10d and removes bag.
Pollinated stage is full-bloom stage; Pollination environmental condition be preferably temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, sunny, calm;
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of producing Crossbred is 4.5%.
Comparative trial: connect with Pipe Cutting of the present invention and torn emasculating method by emasculation method with the pin of URATA and Lin Yuhong and make comparisons, with macadamia nut kind D4 for female parent, kind HAES900 is male parent, each selection 3 strains.Pipe Cutting connects is torn emasculating method by the concrete steps of emasculation method with the pin of example 3, URATA and is: remove stamen with tweezers after tearing tepal gently with pin, then with pointing, tepal is pushed back original position, little Hua is restored to the original state.Completely randomized design press in test, according to little Hua status during emasculation, pin tear off male method establish 3 be treated to perianth tube split before the split outstanding 1d of style, perianth tube of 1d, perianth tube to split the outstanding 2d of style, bagging after emasculation, Post flowering pollination.Often process emasculation 50 little Hua, repeat 3 times.The fruit-setting rate of 20d after investigation emasculation required time, column cap injury rate and pollination.Result is as table 1.Pipe Cutting of the present invention connects by emasculating method is as can be seen from Table 1 once removed and successful emasculation by tepal, and speed is fast, and injured column cap is less, the stigma appearing of flower of female parent, is convenient to pollination; After emasculation, maternal flower, without petal and flower pesticide, does not lure medium insect, for anti-contingency has medium insect to stop column cap, and needs bagging, the place that medium insect is few, can not bagging, and due to injured column cap few, fruit-setting rate is higher; It is remove with tweezers the object that stamen reaches emasculation one by one after tearing tepal gently with pin that the pin of URATA and Lin Yuhong tears male method off, and this emasculating method is wasted time and energy, and the injured probability of column cap is comparatively large, and because injured column cap is many, fruit-setting rate is lower.
Table 1
The emasculation time: macadamia nut kind 788 is maternal, only do emasculation process and emasculation is carried out to 3 inflorescences, select that most of bud turns white, perianth tube splits and style gives prominence to the inflorescence of 1d, remove the little Hua that perianth tube does not split, and the little Hua that style gives prominence to 1d is removed to each inflorescence stay 50 little Hua, bending position is given prominence at little Hua style, perianth tube is cut off with sharp U-shaped little scissors, cut off perianth tube after 20 minutes, remove tepal gently with tweezers and bagging sealing, obtain emasculation inflorescence; 13.3,10.3,10m obtaining the emasculation time is respectively:; Its emasculation time tears the emasculating method time used well below the pin of Lin Yuhong.
Claims (6)
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| CN113854146B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-03-24 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method |
| CN115136836B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2024-01-09 | 广东生态工程职业学院 | Method for improving fruit character of macadimia nut 695 variety |
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| CN202857469U (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2013-04-10 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Artificial pollination tube for nuts |
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