CN105165595B - The method that one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the method that one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage.The present invention blooms the different Flowering Cherry Cultivars regulation of flowering asynchronism to same period, it is ensured that the freshness of hybridization pollination pollen, improves hybridization pollination setting percentage, while can improve from father, maternal flexibility ratio.1. pollinated immediately after maternal emasculation, with simple to operate, prevent female parent to be damaged during multiple bagging, unpacking；2. hybridization pollination is finished, and is entangled with the frivolous polybag of white clear, and oriental cherry branch is very thin weak, and easily sagging after set ox-hide bag, branch easily fractures under blowing and raining weather, causes pollination failures；3. the white plastic bag that preliminary pollination successfully hybridizes fruit is released, then entangled with the close white Nylon mesh bag of grid, the neither normal growth development of influence fruit, can prevent small bird from searching for food again, fruit unification harvesting is also convenient for, the harvest efficiency of large area hybridization pollination fruit maturation is greatly improved.

Description

The method that one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage

Technical field：

The invention belongs to field of plant breeding, and in particular to one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination knot The method of real rate.

Background technology：

Oriental cherry refers to the general name of the flowers and trees with ornamental value in cherry platymiscium.At present, Japan is to cultivate Flowering Cherry Cultivars most Many countries, up to more than 300.And China oriental cherry is rested on mostly to a small number of oriental cherries (product) plant introduction and acclimatization, sowing educate Seedling, graft seedling growth, cutting propagation and tissue cultures etc. to nursery stock quantity expand the stage of numerous research, to oriental cherry rearing new variety Research is very few, rarely seen hybridization pollination research to Cyclobanopsis chungii and nearly edge species.

Common hybridization pollination at present, particular technique step is：(1) Juvenile stage：Selection have it is pure, typical or The kind of excellent proterties or excellent strain are used as parent；(2) maternal emasculation：Maternal stamen is removed in stamen prematurity；(3) Bagging isolation：To prevent the female parent for removing stamen from being disturbed by external pollen, translucent template is covered after emasculation immediately；(4) Pollen collection：Collect ripe flower pesticide and spread out and dry in the shade, treat that Anther dehiscence pollen sheds pollen collecting；(5) hybridization pollination：Treat mother This gynoecium is ripe, and the pollen of collection is applied on gynoecium；(6) hybrid seed is collected：After the solid maturation of band cross combination in time Harvesting seed.

' Guangzhou ' cherry normal florescence is mid-March, and the normal florescence of ' Chinese red ' cherry is 2 months early and middle ten dayses, the natural florescence Do not meet, the pollen of ' Chinese red ' cherry for blooming early it can only be kept using deepfreeze when both are carried out into hybridization pollination Vigor, and the pollen of ' Guangzhou ' cherry in evening at florescence is carried out into Cord blood, then need to treat that Second Year carries out hybridization pollination, Pollen Activity Decline substantially, greatly reduce hybridization pollination setting percentage.

The content of the invention：

' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry flower synchronization can be adjusted it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, and is improved simultaneously Pollination measure, so that the method for improving ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage.

Raising ' Guangzhou ' cherry of the invention and the method for ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage, it is characterised in that including Following steps：

A, fallen leaves rest period (November-January in next year) in oriental cherry, the normal florescence partially late has been reached into the age of blooming ' Guangzhou ' cherry carries out complete crown transplanting, transplants ground mean temperature higher 3-5 DEG C than original seed plant ground temperature；It is partially early to the normal florescence again ' Chinese red ' cherry carries out normal maintenance management；

B, Parent selection：Using ' Guangzhou ' cherry as male parent, ' Chinese red ' cherry as female parent, or using ' Guangzhou ' cherry as Female parent, using ' Chinese red ' cherry as male parent；

C, pollen collecting：Treat that male parent enters flowering period, the flower collection flower pesticide that selected petal expands but do not open will also Flower pesticide is placed in ventilating and cooling place and spreads out and dries in the shade after collecting, and is collected in the lump after pollen splits；

C, maternal emasculation：The stamen of the flower that petal is expanded but not yet opened is divested totally, notes not damaging and polluting Gynoecium, while 3 flowers are at most selected on a branch being hybridized, remaining flower is extractd, and prevents nutrient consumption, influence knot Real rate；

D, hybridization pollination：After maternal emasculation immediately by the pollen of collection it is uniform gently be applied to that surface is shinny, secretion is viscous On the pistil stigma of liquid, it is seen that untill stigma surface covers one layer of yellow pollen, with the white modeling that white clear is frivolous after pollination Pocket is wrapped, and opening is ordered, opening down, prevents the pocket water that rains, and is sure not to encounter the gynoecium of firm pollination in forwarding, finally Carry out mark and be listed；

E, change bag：In latter week of pollination, released after the white plastic bag that after preliminary pollination successfully, will hybridize outside fruit, Change the close white Nylon grid bag of grid to be placed on outside hybridization fruit, be fixed on branch at mesh bag tying and more slightly locate, prevent fruit Searched for food by small bird when real ripe；

F, nursery stock are managed and protected：It is managed and protected by normal management；

G, hybrid seed harvesting：Redden whne 4-5 month hybrid seed kind skins, blackening when harvested.

Compared with prior art, the present invention blooms the different Flowering Cherry Cultivars regulation of flowering asynchronism to same period, it is ensured that The freshness of hybridization pollination pollen, improves hybridization pollination setting percentage, while can improve from father, maternal flexibility ratio. Also have the further advantage that simultaneously：1. pollinated immediately after maternal emasculation, with traditional technology, bagging isolation is carried out again again after emasculation Hybridization pollination is compared, and with simple to operate, prevents female parent to be damaged during multiple bagging, unpacking；2. hybridization pollination is finished, and is used The frivolous polybag of white clear is entangled, and compared to the advantage that traditional ox-hide bag has light weight, oriental cherry branch is very thin weak, set Easily sagging after ox-hide bag, branch easily fractures under blowing and raining weather, causes pollination failures；3. will tentatively pollinate successfully The white plastic bag for hybridizing fruit is released, then is entangled with the close white Nylon mesh bag of grid, neither influences the normal of fruit Grow, can prevent small bird from searching for food again, be also convenient for fruit unification harvesting, greatly improve large area hybridization pollination fruit Ripe harvest efficiency.

Specific embodiment：

Embodiment 1：

In December, 2013 will plant in Shaoguan Zhenjiang District oriental cherry park ' Guangzhou ' cherry (ground diameter 3-4cm) planted seedling ( Reaching ' Guangzhou ' cherry at age of blooming) complete crown migrates to great Jian villages of Nansha Area, Guangzhou area oriental cherry base, and transplant ground mean temperature and slightly compare Original seed plant ground temperature is high 3-5 DEG C, and normal maintenance management is carried out to ' Guangzhou ' cherry after transplanting.' Chinese red ' cherry is carried out normally Maintenance management.' Chinese red ' cherry started to bloom on January 30th, 2014, and florescence from January 30 was to 20 days 2 months.Transplant ' Guangzhou ' cherry started to bloom on 2 7th, 2014, and the florescence was from 7 days 2 months to 27 days 2 months.On 2 7th, 2014, collect ' wide State ' cherry pollen, flower that selected petal expands but do not open also collection flower pesticide is placed in ventilating and cooling place stand after flower pesticide is collected Open and dry in the shade, collected in the lump after pollen splits.The stamen of the flower for ' Chinese red ' oriental cherry bud being expanded but not yet being opened in 9 for 2 months Gently stamen is divested totally with tweezers, notes not damaging and polluting gynoecium, while 3 flowers are at most selected on a branch carrying out Experiment, remaining flower is extractd, and prevents nutrient consumption, influences setting percentage, ' Guangzhou ' cherry that will be collected immediately after maternal emasculation Pollen cotton swab it is uniform gently be applied to that surface is shinny, on muciparous pistil stigma, it is seen that stigma surface covers one layer Untill yellow pollen, wrapped with the frivolous white plastic bag of white clear after pollination, opening is ordered with binder, be open court Under, the pocket water that rains is prevented, it is sure not to encounter the gynoecium of firm pollination in forwarding, finally carry out mark and be listed, 157 altogether. In latter week of pollination, the white plastic bag outside preliminary pollination successfully hybridization fruit is released, change grid closely white Nylon grid bag, more slightly locates branch is fixed at grid bag tying, prevents from being searched for food by small bird during fruit maturation.By normal management It is managed and protected.In April, 2014 hybridization fruit it is ripe successively, harvest and count, wherein ' Chinese red ' cherry (female parent) and ' extensively State ' cherry (male parent) acquisition hybrid seed 52, setting percentage is 33.1%.

The pollen for collecting ' Chinese red ' cherry on 2 9th, 2014, the flower collection flower that selected petal expands but do not open also Medicine, is placed in ventilating and cooling place and spreads out and dry in the shade after flower pesticide is collected, and is collected in the lump after pollen splits.11 days 2 months by ' Guangzhou ' cherry The stamen tweezers of the flower that petal expands but not yet opens gently divest totally stamen, note not damaging and polluting gynoecium, At most select 3 flowers on a branch simultaneously to be tested, remaining flower is extractd, and prevents nutrient consumption, influences setting percentage, After maternal emasculation immediately by ' Chinese red ' the oriental cherry powde cotton swab collected it is uniform gently to be applied to surface shinny, muciparous On pistil stigma, it is seen that untill stigma surface covers one layer of yellow pollen, with the white plastic bag that white clear is frivolous after pollination Wrap, opening is ordered with binder, it is opening down, the pocket water that rains is prevented, it is sure not to encounter the gynoecium of firm pollination in forwarding, Finally carry out mark and be listed, 782 altogether.Latter week of pollination, by the white outside preliminary pollination successfully hybridization fruit Polybag is released, and changes the close white Nylon grid bag of grid, is more slightly located branch is fixed at grid bag tying, prevents fruit Searched for food by small bird when real ripe.It is managed and protected by normal management.In April, 2014 hybridization fruit is ripe successively, harvests and unites Meter, ' Guangzhou ' cherry (female parent) and ' Chinese red ' cherry (male parent) obtain hybrid seed 136, and setting percentage is 17.4%.

Claims (1)

1. a method for improving 'Guangzhou' cherry and 'Chinese red' cherry cross pollination seed setting rate, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: a. During the dormancy period of cherry blossom leaves, the 'Guangzhou' cherry blossoms that have reached the flowering age are transplanted in full canopy, and the average temperature of the transplanting site is 3-5°C higher than that of the original planting site; at the same time, normal 'China Red' cherry blossoms are maintenance management; b. Parental parent selection: take 'Guangzhou' cherry as the male parent, 'China Red' cherry as the female parent, or use 'Guangzhou' cherry as the female parent, and 'China Red' cherry as the male parent; c. Pollen collection: When the male parent enters the flowering period, select the flower buds that are enlarged but not yet opened to collect anthers, collect the anthers, place them in a ventilated and cool place, spread them out and dry them in the shade, and collect them together after the pollen cracks; c, female parent emasculation: the stamens of the flower buds that are enlarged but not yet opened are removed, and at most 3 flowers are selected on a branch for hybridization, and the rest of the flowers are all removed; d. Hybrid pollination: Immediately after emasculation, apply the collected pollen evenly and lightly on the pistil stigma with a bright surface and secreting mucus, until the stigma surface is covered with a layer of yellow pollen. After pollination, use white transparent and thin Wrap it in a white plastic bag, book the opening with the opening facing down; e. Change the bag: after the preliminary pollination is successful, remove the white plastic bag outside the hybrid fruit, and replace it with a mesh bag to cover the hybrid fruit; f. Seedling management and protection: manage and protect them according to normal management; g. Harvesting of hybrid seeds: Harvest when the seed coats of hybrid seeds turn red and black in April-May.