CN103994785B - A kind of grating sensing monitoring device based on weak optical fiber Bragg grating array and method for sensing - Google Patents
A kind of grating sensing monitoring device based on weak optical fiber Bragg grating array and method for sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置和传感方法，通过控制输入光脉冲的脉冲宽度，使得光脉冲的持续时间大于弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光栅之间光反射的时间长度，前后相邻光纤光栅反射光发生干涉，系统对干涉信号进行精确的查询，完成对弱光纤光栅阵列的寻址与监测，实现对外部扰动信号的实时监测。
The invention provides a sensing and monitoring device and sensing method based on a weak fiber grating array. By controlling the pulse width of the input light pulse, the duration of the light pulse is longer than the light reflection between two adjacent gratings in the weak fiber grating array. The length of time, the reflected light of the front and rear adjacent fiber gratings interferes, and the system accurately queries the interference signal, completes the addressing and monitoring of the weak fiber grating array, and realizes the real-time monitoring of external disturbance signals.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于传感监测技术领域，具体涉及一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置和方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of sensing and monitoring, and in particular relates to a sensing and monitoring device and method based on a weak fiber grating array.
背景技术 Background technique
光纤传感器具有质量轻、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、现场无源等优点，能工作在高温高压、火灾等一般人无法到达的环境，比传统电类传感器具有更广阔的应用前景。 Optical fiber sensors have the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference, and passive on-site. They can work in environments where ordinary people cannot reach, such as high temperature, high pressure, and fire. They have broader application prospects than traditional electrical sensors.
目前光纤光栅传感监测技术中所使用的匹配光纤光栅与传感光栅比较标定的方法，这种方法受到匹配光栅与传感光栅实际制造中工艺差别的限制，光纤光栅传感器之间的串扰噪声较大，另外，传感网络复杂，系统造价昂贵。同时其他通过弱光栅串联成网的方法，网络规模受到光栅反射率的限制，但弱光栅反射率过弱又会造成传感信号不强，对信号的探测与解调造成极大的难度。综上所述，现有光纤光栅传感网络技术中存在的光纤光栅传感器之间的串扰噪声较大、网络结构复杂、系统造价昂贵的缺点，限制了传感网络规模的发展。 At present, the method of comparing and calibrating matching fiber gratings and sensing gratings is used in fiber grating sensing monitoring technology. This method is limited by the actual manufacturing process difference between matching gratings and sensing gratings, and the crosstalk noise between fiber grating sensors is relatively large. Large, in addition, the sensor network is complex and the system is expensive. At the same time, for other methods of connecting weak gratings into a network, the network scale is limited by the reflectivity of the grating, but too weak reflectivity of the weak grating will cause the sensing signal to be weak, which will cause great difficulty in signal detection and demodulation. To sum up, the existing FBG sensor network technology has the shortcomings of large crosstalk noise between FBG sensors, complex network structure, and high system cost, which limits the development of sensor network scale.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决现有光纤光栅传感网络技术中存在的光纤光栅传感器之间的串扰噪声较大、网络结构复杂、系统造价昂贵的缺点，本发明提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置，实现提高光纤光栅传感器之间信噪比，简化传感网络结构，降低成本的目的。 In order to solve the shortcomings of existing fiber grating sensor network technology, such as large crosstalk noise between fiber grating sensors, complex network structure, and high system cost, the present invention provides a sensing and monitoring device based on a weak fiber grating array, The purpose of improving the signal-to-noise ratio between the fiber grating sensors, simplifying the structure of the sensor network and reducing the cost is realized.
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采取以下技术方案： In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置，包括， A sensing and monitoring device based on a weak fiber grating array is provided, comprising,
光源模块，用于提供相干脉冲光，其脉冲宽度长于弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光纤光栅之间反射所需时间；弱光纤光栅阵列，接收光源模块发出的相干脉冲光，在弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光纤光栅之间的反射光之间发生干涉；光电探测器，置于弱光纤光栅阵列的输出端，探测该干涉信号并传送到控制器；控制器，与光电探测器相连接，用于采集该干涉信号，并对产生该干涉信号的光纤光栅传感器件进行查询。 The light source module is used to provide coherent pulsed light, and its pulse width is longer than the time required for reflection between two adjacent fiber Bragg gratings in the weak fiber Bragg grating array; the weak fiber Bragg grating array receives the coherent pulsed light emitted by the light source module, Interference occurs between the reflected light between two adjacent fiber gratings in the array; the photodetector is placed at the output end of the weak fiber grating array to detect the interference signal and send it to the controller; the controller is connected to the photodetector The connection is used to collect the interference signal and query the fiber grating sensor device that generates the interference signal.
所述弱光纤光栅阵列为光纤布拉格光栅阵列。 The weak fiber grating array is a fiber Bragg grating array.
所述光源模块包括发出相干激光的光源，及在所述光源后设置的光开关，由所述控制器中的脉冲发生器发出电时序信号，脉冲发生器与光开关连接，对光开关进行控制。所述光源为单波长相干激光光源或多波长相干激光光源。 The light source module includes a light source that emits coherent laser light, and an optical switch arranged behind the light source. The pulse generator in the controller sends an electrical timing signal, and the pulse generator is connected to the optical switch to control the optical switch. . The light source is a single-wavelength coherent laser light source or a multi-wavelength coherent laser light source.
为对相干脉冲光进行放大，在所述光开关与所述弱光纤光栅阵列之间设置光放大器，对进入弱光纤光栅阵列之前的相干脉冲光进行放大。 In order to amplify the coherent pulsed light, an optical amplifier is arranged between the optical switch and the weak fiber grating array to amplify the coherent pulsed light before entering the weak fiber grating array.
所述光放大器和弱光纤光栅阵列之间还设置有一个3端口光环行器，所述光放大器的输出端连接光环行器的1端口，光环行器的2端口连接弱光纤光栅阵列，光环行器的3端口连接所述光电探测器。 A 3-port optical circulator is also arranged between the optical amplifier and the weak fiber grating array, the output end of the optical amplifier is connected to the 1 port of the optical circulator, and the 2 ports of the optical circulator are connected to the weak fiber grating array. port 3 of the tor is connected to the photodetector.
在所述光电探测器输出端和所述控制器的输入端之间还设置有低通滤波器，光电探测器的输出端与低通滤波器的输入端相连接，低通滤波器的输出端与控制器的输入端相连接。 A low-pass filter is also arranged between the output terminal of the photodetector and the input terminal of the controller, the output terminal of the photodetector is connected with the input terminal of the low-pass filter, and the output terminal of the low-pass filter Connect to the input of the controller.
控制器中还设置有数模采集卡，对电信号进行采集。 The controller is also provided with a digital-analog acquisition card to collect electrical signals.
本发明基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置原理为：相干光源经过光开关后被调制为相干脉冲光，光开关由脉冲发生器发出的电时序信号所控制，脉冲发生器由所述控制器进行控制。经过光开关后的相干脉冲被光放大器放大，继而进入光环行器的1端口，从1端口进入的光信号，由光环行器的2端口输出，输入弱光纤光栅阵列，光信号在弱光纤光栅阵列中各相邻2个光纤光栅之间进行反射光干涉后，干涉信号从光环行器的3端口输出，进入光电探测器，光信号转换为电信号，光电探测器的输出端连接低通滤波器的输入端，被低通滤波器滤波后，信号进入控制器，所述信号由控制器中的数模采集卡所采集，并进行处理，对产生该干涉信号的光纤光栅传感器件进行查询，具体为通过采集不同时间的干涉信号，对光纤光栅阵列传感器件进行地址查询及光波长信息的查询。 The principle of the sensing and monitoring device based on the weak fiber grating array of the present invention is as follows: the coherent light source is modulated into coherent pulsed light after passing through the optical switch, the optical switch is controlled by the electrical timing signal sent by the pulse generator, and the pulse generator is controlled by the controller Take control. The coherent pulse after the optical switch is amplified by the optical amplifier, and then enters the 1 port of the optical circulator, the optical signal entering from the 1 port is output by the 2 port of the optical circulator, and enters the weak fiber grating array, and the optical signal is passed through the weak fiber grating After reflected light interference between two adjacent fiber gratings in the array, the interference signal is output from port 3 of the optical circulator and enters the photodetector, where the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the output end of the photodetector is connected to a low-pass filter After being filtered by the low-pass filter, the signal enters the controller. The signal is collected by the digital-analog acquisition card in the controller and processed, and the fiber grating sensor device that generates the interference signal is queried. Specifically, by collecting interference signals at different times, the address query and optical wavelength information query of the fiber grating array sensor device are performed.
本发明还提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测方法，包括： The present invention also provides a sensing monitoring method based on a weak fiber grating array, including:
对入射到弱光纤光栅阵列中的相干脉冲光的脉冲宽度进行控制，使该脉冲宽度长于光在相邻两个光纤光栅之间反射所需时间；相邻两个光纤光栅的反射光之间发生干涉，该干涉信号通过光电探测器传送到控制器；控制器采集该干涉信号，并对产生该干涉信号的光纤光栅传感器件进行查询。 Control the pulse width of the coherent pulsed light incident into the weak fiber Bragg grating array so that the pulse width is longer than the time required for light to reflect between two adjacent fiber Bragg gratings; Interference, the interference signal is transmitted to the controller through the photodetector; the controller collects the interference signal, and queries the fiber grating sensor device that generates the interference signal.
如需对第i个和第i+1个光纤光栅干涉信号进行查询，即需要采集时间为 的反射光的干涉信号，其中ΔLi是第i个光栅和第i+1个光栅之间的间距。这个干涉信号包括了前后两个相邻光纤光栅反射光的干涉信号，通过后续的数据处理可以分析传感器所感知的环境参数的变化。 If it is necessary to query the i-th and i+1-th FBG interference signals, the acquisition time is required to be The interference signal of the reflected light of , where ΔL i is the distance between the i-th grating and the i+1-th grating. This interference signal includes the interference signal of the reflected light of two adjacent fiber gratings, and the changes of the environmental parameters sensed by the sensor can be analyzed through subsequent data processing.
其中经过光开关调制得到的相干脉冲光，第i个光脉冲的脉冲宽度应为：ti≥2ΔLi·neff/c，其中弱光纤光栅阵列中第i个光栅和第i+1个相邻光栅的间距为ΔLi，neff为光纤的有效折射率，c为真空中的光速。 In the coherent pulsed light modulated by the optical switch, the pulse width of the i-th optical pulse should be: t i ≥ 2ΔL i n eff /c, where the i-th grating and the i+1-th phase in the weak fiber grating array The distance between adjacent gratings is ΔL i , n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
所述对光纤光栅传感器件进行查询具体包括，通过采集不同时间的干涉信号，对光纤光栅阵列传感器件进行地址查询及光波长信息的查询。 The querying of the fiber grating sensor device specifically includes, by collecting interference signals at different times, querying the address and optical wavelength information of the fiber grating array sensor device.
本发明的有益效果为：实现提高光纤光栅传感器之间信噪比，简化传感网络结构，降低成本的目的。 The invention has the beneficial effects of: improving the signal-to-noise ratio between fiber grating sensors, simplifying the sensor network structure, and reducing costs.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作进一步详细描述： In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如附图所示，本发明提供的一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置，包括，光源模块，用于提供相干脉冲光，其脉冲宽度长于弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光纤光栅之间反射所需时间；弱光纤光栅阵列，接收光源模块发出的相干脉冲光，在弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光纤光栅之间的反射光之间发生干涉；光电探测器，置于弱光纤光栅阵列的输出端，探测该干涉信号并传送到控制器；控制器，与光电探测器相连接，用于采集该干涉信号，并对产生该干涉信号的光纤光栅传感器件进行查询。 As shown in the accompanying drawings, a sensing and monitoring device based on a weak fiber grating array provided by the present invention includes a light source module for providing coherent pulsed light whose pulse width is longer than that of two adjacent fiber gratings in the weak fiber grating array The time required for reflection between them; the weak fiber grating array receives the coherent pulsed light emitted by the light source module, and interference occurs between the reflected light between two adjacent fiber gratings in the weak fiber grating array; the photodetector is placed in a weak The output end of the fiber grating array detects the interference signal and transmits it to the controller; the controller is connected with the photodetector to collect the interference signal and query the fiber grating sensor device that generates the interference signal.
所述弱光纤光栅阵列为光纤布拉格光栅阵列。本发明实施例中，弱光栅阵列是由多个具有极低反射率的光纤布喇格光栅组成，其中光栅的反射率在0.1～1‰量级，波长范围在光源的波长范围内。 The weak fiber grating array is a fiber Bragg grating array. In the embodiment of the present invention, the weak grating array is composed of a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with extremely low reflectivity, wherein the reflectivity of the grating is on the order of 0.1-1‰, and the wavelength range is within the wavelength range of the light source.
所述光源模块包括发出相干激光的光源，及在所述光源后设置的光开关，由所述控制器中的脉冲发生器发出电时序信号，脉冲发生器与光开关连接，对光开关进行控制。所述光源为单波长相干激光光源或多波长相干激光光源。本发明实施例中，光源使用相干梳状光源。 The light source module includes a light source that emits coherent laser light, and an optical switch arranged behind the light source. The pulse generator in the controller sends an electrical timing signal, and the pulse generator is connected to the optical switch to control the optical switch. . The light source is a single-wavelength coherent laser light source or a multi-wavelength coherent laser light source. In the embodiment of the present invention, the light source uses a coherent comb light source.
本发明实施例中，光开关采用SOA光开关。还可以使用基于AOM的光开关或基于EAM的光开关或者EOM光开关。光开关受到控制器的控制，控制输入光脉冲的时间长度，使得光脉冲的持续时间大于相邻两个光栅之间的反射的长度，则相邻两个光栅的反射信号形成干涉。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical switch adopts the SOA optical switch. AOM-based optical switches or EAM-based optical switches or EOM optical switches may also be used. The optical switch is controlled by the controller to control the time length of the input light pulse, so that the duration of the light pulse is longer than the length of the reflection between two adjacent gratings, and the reflected signals of the two adjacent gratings interfere.
为对相干脉冲光进行放大，在所述光开关与所述弱光纤光栅阵列之间设置光放大器，对进入弱光纤光栅阵列之前的相干脉冲光进行放大。 In order to amplify the coherent pulsed light, an optical amplifier is arranged between the optical switch and the weak fiber grating array to amplify the coherent pulsed light before entering the weak fiber grating array.
本发明实施例中，光放大器使用掺铒光纤放大器。或者根据工作波长的需要，也可以采用掺镨光纤放大器，或者通过半导体光放大器实现。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical amplifier uses an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Or according to the needs of the working wavelength, it can also use a praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier, or realize it through a semiconductor optical amplifier.
所述光放大器和弱光纤光栅阵列之间还设置有一个3端口光环行器，所述光放大器的输出端连接光环行器的1端口，光环行器的2端口连接弱光纤光栅阵列，光环行器的3端口连接所述光电探测器。 A 3-port optical circulator is also arranged between the optical amplifier and the weak fiber grating array, the output end of the optical amplifier is connected to the 1 port of the optical circulator, and the 2 ports of the optical circulator are connected to the weak fiber grating array. port 3 of the tor is connected to the photodetector.
在所述光电探测器输出端和所述控制器的输入端之间还设置有低通滤波器，光电探测器的输出端与低通滤波器的输入端相连接，低通滤波器的输出端与控制器的输入端相连接。 A low-pass filter is also arranged between the output terminal of the photodetector and the input terminal of the controller, the output terminal of the photodetector is connected with the input terminal of the low-pass filter, and the output terminal of the low-pass filter Connect to the input of the controller.
控制器中还设置有数模采集卡，对光电探测器输出的电信号进行采集。 The controller is also provided with a digital-analog acquisition card to collect the electrical signal output by the photodetector.
本发明还提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测方法，包括： The present invention also provides a sensing monitoring method based on a weak fiber grating array, including:
对入射到弱光纤光栅阵列中的相干脉冲光的脉冲宽度进行控制，使该脉冲宽度长于光在相邻两个光纤光栅之间反射所需时间；相邻两个光纤光栅之间的反射光之间发生干涉，该干涉信号通过光电探测器传送到控制器；控制器采集该干涉信号，并对产生该干涉信号的光纤光栅传感器件进行查询。 Control the pulse width of the coherent pulsed light incident into the weak fiber Bragg grating array, so that the pulse width is longer than the time required for the light to reflect between two adjacent fiber Bragg gratings; the reflected light between two adjacent fiber Bragg gratings Interference occurs, and the interference signal is transmitted to the controller through the photodetector; the controller collects the interference signal, and queries the fiber grating sensor device that generates the interference signal.
本发明实施例中，弱光栅阵列是由多个具有极低反射率的光纤布喇格光栅组成，光源模块包括发出连续相干光的相干梳状光源，及在所述光源后设置的光开关，由所述控制器中的脉冲发生器发出电时序信号，对光开关进行控制，光开关采用SOA光开关。光开关受到控制器的控制，控制输入光脉冲的时间长度，使得光脉冲的持续时间大于光相邻两个光栅之间的反射的长度，则相邻两个光栅的反射信号形成干涉。在光开关与所述弱光纤光栅阵列之间设置掺铒光纤放大器，光放大器和弱光纤光栅阵列之间还设置有一个3端口光环形器，所述光放大器连接光环行器的1号端口，光环行器的2号端口连接弱光纤光栅阵列，光环行器的3端口连接所述光电探测器。光电探测器输出端和所述控制模块的输入端之间还设置有低通滤波器。将低于所设频率的信号滤掉。控制器中设置有数模采集卡，对光电探测器输出的电信号进行采集。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the weak grating array is composed of a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with extremely low reflectivity, the light source module includes a coherent comb light source emitting continuous coherent light, and an optical switch arranged behind the light source, The pulse generator in the controller sends out electrical timing signals to control the optical switch, and the optical switch adopts SOA optical switch. The optical switch is controlled by the controller to control the time length of the input light pulse, so that the duration of the light pulse is longer than the reflection length between two adjacent gratings, and then the reflected signals of the two adjacent gratings form interference. An erbium-doped fiber amplifier is set between the optical switch and the weak fiber grating array, and a 3-port optical circulator is also arranged between the optical amplifier and the weak fiber grating array, and the optical amplifier is connected to the No. 1 port of the optical circulator, Port 2 of the optical circulator is connected to the weak fiber grating array, and port 3 of the optical circulator is connected to the photodetector. A low-pass filter is also arranged between the output end of the photodetector and the input end of the control module. Signals below the set frequency are filtered out. A digital-analog acquisition card is arranged in the controller to collect the electric signal output by the photodetector.
其中经过光开关调制得到的相干脉冲光，第i个光脉冲的脉冲宽度应为：ti≥2ΔLi·neff/c，其中弱光纤光栅阵列每相邻光栅的间距为ΔLi，neff为光纤的有效折射率，c为真空中的光速。 Among them, for the coherent pulsed light modulated by the optical switch, the pulse width of the i-th optical pulse should be: t i ≥ 2ΔL i n eff /c, where the distance between each adjacent grating in the weak fiber grating array is ΔL i , n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
所述对光纤光栅传感器件进行查询具体包括，通过采集不同时间的干涉信号，对光纤光栅阵列传感器件进行地址查询及光波长信息的查询。 The querying of the fiber grating sensor device specifically includes, by collecting interference signals at different times, querying the address and optical wavelength information of the fiber grating array sensor device.
本发明提供一种基于弱光纤光栅阵列的传感监测装置和方法，通过控制输入光脉冲的脉冲宽度，使得光脉冲的持续时间大于弱光纤光栅阵列中相邻两个光栅之间光反射的时间长度，相邻两个光纤光栅之间的前向传输光和反射光之间发生干涉，系统对干涉信号进行精确的查询，完成对弱光纤光栅阵列的寻址与监测，进而实现了提高光纤光栅传感器之间信噪比，简化传感网络结构，降低成本的目的。 The invention provides a sensing and monitoring device and method based on a weak fiber grating array. By controlling the pulse width of the input light pulse, the duration of the light pulse is longer than the light reflection time between two adjacent gratings in the weak fiber grating array. The length, the interference between the forward transmission light and the reflected light between two adjacent fiber gratings, the system will accurately query the interference signal, complete the addressing and monitoring of the weak fiber grating array, and then realize the improvement of fiber grating The signal-to-noise ratio between sensors, the purpose of simplifying the sensor network structure and reducing the cost.
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