CN103993221B - A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103993221B CN103993221B CN201410225523.6A CN201410225523A CN103993221B CN 103993221 B CN103993221 B CN 103993221B CN 201410225523 A CN201410225523 A CN 201410225523A CN 103993221 B CN103993221 B CN 103993221B
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- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MRHSJWPXCLEHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[V].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ti].[V].[Fe] MRHSJWPXCLEHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009400 out breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 55
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000025599 Heat Stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 vanadium carbide nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010019332 Heat exhaustion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile high-strength high-wearing feature vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum manufacturing technology, it is specially the preparation method of a kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum, this preparation method comprises the following steps: found base iron: with vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome as furnace charge, carburant is added furnace bottom, with intermediate frequency furnace, furnace charge is carried out melting and prepare base iron, heat up after molten iron is melting down overheated purifying molten iron, then 1520～1530 DEG C of insulations；Then skim, add Slag conglomeration agent on its surface after skimming and be incubated, then add a small amount of foundry returns, adjust hot metal composition etc..The present invention takes the melting later stage to add a small amount of foundry returns increases heterogeneous nuclei technique, to alleviate molten iron chilling tendency, improves molten iron graphitizability, improves pregnant effect；Use iron notch and cup late inoculation to process technique, to improve pregnant effect, improve graphite form, eliminate carbide and ferrite, improve content of pearlite in alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cast metal material field, relate to a kind of automobile high-strength high-wearing feature vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum
Manufacturing technology, the preparation method of a kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum.
Background technology
Automobile brake drum uses under heat exhaustion and abrasive conditions, it is therefore desirable to brake drum material has good heat-resisting
Fatigue behaviour and anti-wear performance.The commonly used high-strength gray cast iron of automobile brake drum produces, and its material developing direction is high heat conduction
Property and high intensity.Typically by improving phosphorus content and improving graphite form raising heat conductivity, improve strong by adding alloying element
Degree.The plain cast iron brake drum material trade mark is HT250, phosphorus content 3.2-3.5%, adds at 0.3-0.6% copper, chromium alloying
Reason, it is desirable to A type graphite is main, pearlite more than 95%, intensity is more than 250MPa.
The cast iron brake drums technological process of production includes: dispensing, melting, inoculation, cast, shake out, clear up, machine,
Inspection, packaging.
Plain cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance is poor, and its failure mode generally crack propagation of thermal fatigue causes cracking.Anti-
Thermal fatigue property depends on that heat conductivity and intensity, i.e. heat conductivity and intensity are the highest, and thermal fatigue resistance is the best.Improve thermal fatigue resistance
Can take measures in terms of two, one is to improve phosphorus content with the more graphite of formation and to improve graphite form, thus improves heat conductivity；
Two is to improve intensity by methods such as alloyings.Intensity can be significantly reduced owing to increasing phosphorus content, therefore, for take into account heat conductivity and
Intensity, need to control carbon in OK range.For improving intensity, conventional Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu etc. are element alloyed.At present, use
Most is to add Cr, Cu, Cr low price, improves intensity effect good, but addition can not be too much, otherwise makes material become fragile, Cu
Compare Ni, Mo low price, and belong to graphite element, favourable to graphite form, become the conventional alloying unit improving intensity
Element.Ni, Mo are expensive, less use.Plain cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance and wearing no resistance, service life is low, and needs
Adding precious alloy, manufacturing cost is high.
Vanadium titanium exists with solid solution, precipitated phase and consolidated block solvate form in cast iron, has refinement graphite and improves graphite shape
State distribution and refinement strengthening matrix improve intensity and the effect of wearability.Vanadium titanium forms the fine particle of Dispersed precipitate in cast iron
Shape high rigidity vanadium carbide nitride and titanium carbonitride (VC HV2800, TiC 3300), play a significant role to improving wearability.Vanadium
The tissue characteristic of titanium cast iron is the tiny particle that Dispersed precipitate extreme hardness on the matrix of Strengthening and Toughening so that it is have wearability
Get well and the characteristic of even wearing.Vanadium titanium improves its thermal fatigue resistance by improving cast iron room temperature and elevated temperature strength, and vanadium titanium carries
The effect of high cast iron elevated temperature strength is the most notable.Precious alloy raising intensity is added different, the present invention from plain cast iron brake drum
Vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum uses low-cost vanadium titanium iron to be raw material, utilizes the vanadium titanium elements alloying that vanadium titanium iron is brought into,
Not only alloying effect is good, and production cost is low.Therefore, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum relatively plain cast iron brake drum of the present invention has
Higher thermal fatigue resistance and wearability, service life is higher, and has cost advantage.
Domestic once had the research of vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum and produced precedent, and Pan Gang system shop once produced vanadium-titanium cast iron system
Dynamic drum, but its composition contains the molybdenum of 0.3%, cost is high, uses cold mould to cover sand molding process, complex process, and fails large quantities of
Amount produces.Patent " casting high-strength automobile brake wheel hub formula and technique " (application number: 200610051293.1) described braking
Containing chromium 0.5～0.8% in wheel hub composition, vanadium 0.05～0.09%, titanium 0.05～0.09%, though belonging to vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum,
But with chromium as main alloy element, there were significant differences with the present invention for composition range, and has no batch production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on above technical problem, it is provided that with low cost, by vanadium titanium unique alloy effect, improves casting
The thermal fatigue resistance of ferrum brake drum and wearability, thus improve a kind of vanadium titanium casting pig braking in the service life of cast iron brake drums
The preparation method of drum.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of vanadium titanium its component of casting pig brake drum is by mass percentage: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.6～
1.9%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%,
Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
The tensile strength of described vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum is 280～320MPa, and hardness is HB200～220, its metallographic
It is organized as: A type graphite more than 85%, graphite length 3～5 grades, pearlite >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%.
The preparation method of a kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum, comprises the following steps:
1) found base iron: with vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome as furnace charge, will increase
Carbon agent adds furnace bottom, then carries out melting base iron with intermediate frequency furnace, and heat up after base iron is melting down overheated and purifying molten iron,
Then under conditions of temperature is 1520～1530 DEG C, it is incubated 10 minutes；Add Slag conglomeration agent after overheated and skim, being subsequently adding molten iron
Weight 3～the brake drum foundry returns of 5%, finally adjust hot metal composition, makes the percentage by weight of each chemical composition in molten iron reach:
C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.3～1.6%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～
0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity；In this method
The carburant used is graphitization carburant, and the Slag conglomeration agent used is expanded perlite, composition in expanded perlite and
Its percentage composition is: SiO2: 68～74%, Ai2O3: 10～16%, surplus is Na2O、K2O、Ca0、MgO、Fe2O3And H2O。
2) molten steel preparation and cast: by step 1) in found the molten iron obtained and pour casting ladle into, breed load weighted simultaneously
Agent is uniformly added in molten iron stream to be poured in bag, carries out breeding for the first time, skims after tapping a blast furnace, and ladle is transported to pouring truck cast braking
Drum, during cast, adds inovulant again with stream, carries out second time and breeds；Wherein the temperature of tapping a blast furnace of casting ladle poured into by molten iron
Degree is 1450～1480 DEG C, and it is 1350～1380 DEG C that molten iron pours into the pouring temperature of casting mold；Described first time breeds and is used
Inovulant be Si-Ba alloy, its composition contained and percentage composition thereof be: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～6%, Ca:0.5～
2.0%, Al:1～2%, Yu Weitie, addition is molten steel quality the 0.3～0.4% of the inovulant bred for the first time, granularity 3
～8mm；To breed used inovulant be Fe-Si75 to second time, and its contained composition and percentage composition thereof be: Si:70～
75%, surplus is ferrum, and the addition of late inoculation inovulant is the 0.1～0.2% of molten steel quality, its granularity be 0.5～
1.0mm。
3) shake out cleaning: the brake drum of cast is cooled to less than 200 DEG C shake outs, naturally cools to room in atmosphere through stretched wire
Wen Hou, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting.
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, checks, pack after the assay was approved after processing
?.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
(1), the design of rational composition: suitable vanadium Ti content, improving while intensity, alleviating titanium to graphite form
With the vanadium adverse effect to processing characteristics；Sulfur uses as beneficial element, controls suitable sulfur, to improve pregnant effect, promotes
Graphitization, improves graphite form, improves intensity；Suitable chromium, to improve intensity.
(2), advanced technique: taking the melting later stage to add a small amount of foundry returns increases heterogeneous nuclei technique, to alleviate molten iron
Chilling tendency, improves molten iron graphitizability, improves pregnant effect；Iron notch and cup late inoculation is used to process technique,
To improve pregnant effect, improve graphite form, eliminate carbide and ferrite, improve content of pearlite in alloy.
(3), technical specification is better than plain cast iron brake drum: vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention and plain cast iron brake drum
Technical specification is to such as table 1.The former tensile strength is significantly higher than the latter, and hardness range is more reasonable, vanadium-titanium cast iron the most of the present invention
Brake drum technical specification is better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Table 1, technical specification contrast
| Brake drum kind | Graphite form | Tensile strength, MPa | Hardness, HB |
| Vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum | A type >=85 | 280～320 | 200～220 |
| Plain cast iron brake drum | A type >=85 | 250～270 | 200～240 |
(4) serviceability is better than plain cast iron brake drum: according to using producer's statistics, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention makes
It is 0.13% by the middle generation Crack ratio of scrapping, and plain cast iron brake drum is 0.27～3.17%, average out to 0.40%, this
Invention vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum cracking ratio is only the 1/3 of plain cast iron brake drum, illustrates that its thermal fatigue resistance is significantly better than
Plain cast iron brake drum.
Vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention and plain cast iron brake drum contrast entrucking on heavy-load automobile and travel 20969Km,
Heat fatigue cracking and abrasion condition such as table 2, brake drum surface status conditions such as accompanying drawing 3.
Table 2, brake drum entrucking service condition contrast
Entrucking uses result to show, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance of the present invention and wearability are all significantly better than with general
Logical cast iron brake drums, service life, relatively the latter improved more than 50%.
(5) cheap due to vanadium titanium iron aboundresources, use vanadium titanium iron to produce vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and also have
There is the advantage on resource and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is brake drum structure schematic diagram
Wherein A: braking surface (brake lining) B: location hole, C: inner flange face, D: outward flange face, E: bolt hole, F: end face, G:
Big cylindrical
Fig. 2 is the graphite form photo of the vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation, uses MeF3 metallographic to show
Micro mirror is taken pictures.
Fig. 3 is the matrix photo of the vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation, uses MeF3 metallographic to show
Micro mirror is taken pictures
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of vanadium titanium its component of casting pig brake drum is by mass percentage: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.6～
1.9%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%,
Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
The tensile strength of described vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum is 280～320MPa, and hardness is HB200～220, its metallographic
It is organized as: A type graphite more than 85%, graphite length 3～5 grades, pearlite >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%.
In the present invention, vanadium, titanium exist with solid solution, precipitated phase and consolidated block solvate form in cast iron, have refinement graphite and change
Kind graphite form distribution and refinement strengthening matrix improve intensity and the effect of wearability.Vanadium titanium forms Dispersed precipitate in cast iron
Fine particle shape high rigidity vanadium carbide nitride and titanium carbonitride (VC HV2800, TiC 3300), play important to improving wearability
Effect.The tissue characteristic of vanadium-titanium cast iron is the tiny particle that Dispersed precipitate extreme hardness on the matrix of Strengthening and Toughening so that it is tool
There is wearability good and the characteristic of even wearing.Vanadium titanium improves its thermal fatigue resistance by improving cast iron room temperature and elevated temperature strength,
And the effect of vanadium titanium raising cast iron elevated temperature strength is more notable than its effect improving normal temperature strength.Add valuable with plain cast iron
It is different that alloy improves intensity, and vanadium titanium casting pig of the present invention uses low-cost vanadium titanium iron to be raw material, utilizes vanadium titanium iron band
The vanadium titanium elements alloying entered, not only alloying effect is good, and production cost is low.Therefore, vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum is more general
Logical cast iron braking has higher thermal fatigue resistance and wearability, and service life is higher, and has cost advantage.
High intensity, high thermal fatigue resistance vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum technology difficulties are graphite form control and intensity
Control, owing to titanium is constitutional supercooling element, significantly improve again intensity, if titanium amount is too high, then form undercooled graphite, reduce heat conductivity
Can, if titanium amount is too low, then improving intensity effect not notable, intensity does not reaches requirement；If the weight/mass percentage composition of vanadium is too high, then dislike
Changing processing characteristics, vanadium amount is too low, then improve intensity effect the most notable.Being characterized by of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum of the present invention
Composition and process optimization, on the basis of being not added with precious alloy, it is thus achieved that A type graphite is more than 85%, the intensity casting more than 280MPa
Ferrum.It is high that vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum of the present invention has thermal fatigue resistance and wearability, and service life is long, and low cost of manufacture is excellent
Point.
In addition to composition, carburant kind and cast iron melting process technique and also have a major impact cast iron brake drums performance.Increase
Carbon agent kind includes graphitization carburant and non-graphitized carburant, and the former is prone to dissolve in molten iron, and absorbance is high, improves molten iron stone
Inkization ability is strong, promotes that A type graphite is formed.Molten iron is purified after Overheating Treatment, but the heterogeneous nuclei in ferrum liquid subtracts in a large number
Few, graphitizability weakens.For improve ferrum liquid nucleation ability, use inoculation process more, i.e. when tapping a blast furnace or cast time to
Ferrum liquid adds inovulant method, and in stove, in hot iron liquid excessively, adds foundry returns equally play increase heterogeneous nuclei,
Improve the effect of molten iron graphitizability.The present invention uses graphitization carburant carburetting, to crossing addition foundry returns in hot iron liquid, going out
When ferrum and cast, the various ways such as twice inoculation improves molten iron graphitizability, promotes that A type graphite is formed, and thinning microstructure carries
High intensity.
The effect of carbon: carbon is graphite element, too low graphite is few, poor morphology, is unfavorable for heat conduction, and too high, intensity is low,
Consider it thermal fatigue resistance is affected, select 3.2～3.6%；Silicon: graphite element, has solution strengthening effect, too high
Increase Graphite Precipitation amount, make graphite be roughened, promote that ferrite is formed, too low, carbide occurs, suitable silicon is conducive to improving
Content of pearlite in alloy, selects Si:1.6～1.9%；Phosphorus is harmful element, forms iron phosphide eutectic, increases fragility, P≤0.10%；Sulfur exists
Forming the multiple compounds such as MnS, TiS in cast iron, appropriate sulfur has and improves pregnant effect, promotes A type graphite, improves intensity
Effect, S controls 0.07～0.12%；Chromium is carbide former, has thinning microstructure, the effect of raising intensity, but mistake
Height then increases carbide content, increases fragility, Cr:0.25～0.35%.Vanadium, titanium effect, vanadium is too high, deteriorates processing characteristics, vanadium
Measure too low, then improve intensity effect the most notable；Titanium is constitutional supercooling element, significantly improves again intensity, if titanium is too high, promotes
Cold graphite is formed, and is unfavorable for improving A type graphite ratio, reduces heat conductivility, if titanium amount is too low, then improves intensity effect and does not shows
Writing, intensity does not reaches requirement.Control suitable vanadium Ti content: V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%.
The preparation method of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum in the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) base iron is founded: with vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome as furnace charge, furnace charge
In the percentage by weight of each chemical composition be: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.3～1.6%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤
0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.0:7～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is
Fe and other inevitable impurity；Using intermediate frequency furnace melting, the melting down rear overheated purifying molten iron that heats up, at 1520～1530 DEG C
It is incubated 10 minutes；Add Slag conglomeration agent after overheated and skim, adding weight of molten iron 3～the brake drum foundry returns of 5%, adjusting hot metal composition
To reaching requirement；Described Slag conglomeration agent is expanded perlite, and composition and percentage composition thereof in expanded perlite be: SiO2: 68
～74%, Ai2O3: 10～16%, surplus is Na2O、K2O、Ca0、MgO、Fe2O3And H2O。
2) molten steel preparation and cast: by step 1) molten iron founded pours casting ladle into, simultaneously by uniform for load weighted inovulant
Adding in molten iron stream and pour in bag, once breed, skim after tapping a blast furnace, ladle is transported to pouring truck cast brake drum, is watering
During note, again add inovulant with stream, carry out late inoculation；The described inovulant once bred is Si-Ba alloy,
Its composition and percentage composition thereof be: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～6%, Ca:0.5～2.0%, Al:1～2%, once breeds and makes
Silicon titanate innoculant addition is molten steel quality 0.3～0.4%, granularity 3～8mm；Breeding of described late inoculation
Agent is Fe-Si75, and its composition and percentage composition thereof be: Si:70～75%, surplus is ferrum, the interpolation of the inovulant of late inoculation
Amount is the 0.1～0.2% of molten steel quality, and its granularity is 0.5～1.0mm.
3) shake out cleaning: the brake drum of cast is cooled to less than 200 DEG C shake outs, naturally cools to room in atmosphere through stretched wire
Wen Hou, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting；
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, checks, pack after the assay was approved after processing
?.
Being further described in detail the present invention below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the embodiment be given is not limiting as
The scope of the present invention, the present invention expands to any new feature disclosed in this manual or any new combination, and discloses
Arbitrary new method or the step of process or any new combination.
Embodiment
According to the preparation method of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum in the specific embodiment of the invention, prepare 4 stoves and advise in the present invention
Determine the vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum of heterogeneity combination in composition range, check its chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical performance,
Result such as table 3, table 4.
Vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum chemical composition (wt%) prepared by table 3:
| Numbering | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Ti | Cr |
| Embodiment 1 | 3.43 | 1.71 | 0.88 | 0.085 | 0.081 | 0.171 | 0.075 | 0.26 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.36 | 1.82 | 0.83 | 0.092 | 0.083 | 0.182 | 0.091 | 0.29 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3.35 | 1.76 | 0.85 | 0.083 | 0.092 | 0.195 | 0.100 | 0.32 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.40 | 1.77 | 0.81 | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.187 | 0.093 | 0.30 |
Table 4 prepares vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum metallographic structure, mechanical performance
Metallographic structure uses the inspection of XJP-300 metallurgical microscope；Intensity uses φ 10 single shoulder metal stretching Enough long sample,
HENGSHAN (HS) 600,000 newton universal hydraulic testing machine is checked；Hardness sample a size of φ 20 × 20, uses HB-3000B-I cloth
Family name's durometer checks 3 points, averages.
Finding out from table 3, table 4 result, each embodiment vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum technical specification all reaches application claims,
That is: graphite form is A type more than 85%, graphite length 3～5 grades；Content of pearlite in alloy >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%,
Tensile strength 280～20MPa, hardness HB200～220.
Novel vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and common grey iron brake drum technical specification are to such as table 1.The former tensile strength
Being significantly higher than the latter, and hardness range is more reasonable, the most novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum technical specification is better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Table 1, technical specification contrast
According to using producer's statistics, the vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum in the application in use occurs the Crack ratio of scrapping to be
0.13%, and plain cast iron brake drum is 0.27～3.17%, average out to 0.40%, the vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum in the application
Cracking ratio is only the 1/3 of plain cast iron brake drum, illustrates that its thermal fatigue resistance is significantly better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum and plain cast iron brake drum contrast on heavy-load automobile, and entrucking travels 20969Km, heat
Fatigue crack and abrasion condition such as table 2.
Table 2, brake drum entrucking service condition contrast
Entrucking use result show, novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance and wearability be all significantly better than with commonly
Cast iron brake drums, service life, relatively the latter improved more than 50%.
Claims (5)
1. a vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum, it is characterised in that: have employed casting pig in this brake drum, wherein casting pig contains
Component be by mass percentage: C: 3.2～3.6%, Si: 1.6～1.9%, Mn: 0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:
0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti: 0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus be Fe and other can not keep away
The impurity exempted from；
Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) base iron is founded: with vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome as furnace charge, by carburant
Adding furnace bottom, with intermediate frequency furnace, furnace charge is carried out melting and prepare base iron, heat up after molten iron is melting down overheated purifying molten iron, so
After 1520～1530 DEG C of insulations；Then skim, add Slag conglomeration agent on its surface after skimming and be incubated, then add few
Amount foundry returns, adjusts hot metal composition；Make the percentage by weight of each chemical composition in molten iron be: C:3.2～3.6%, Si: 1.3～
1.6%, Mn: 0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:
0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity；
2) molten steel preparation and cast: pour the molten iron founded in step 1) into casting ladle, uniformly adds load weighted inovulant simultaneously
Enter and molten iron stream pours in bag, carry out breeding for the first time；Skimming after tapping a blast furnace, ladle is transported to pouring truck cast brake drum, is watering
During note, again add inovulant with stream, carry out second time and breed；Wherein the tapping temperature of casting ladle poured into by molten iron is 1450
～1480 DEG C, it is 1350～1380 DEG C that molten iron pours into the pouring temperature of casting mold；
3) shake out cleaning: be cooled to less than 200 DEG C shake outs by watering the brake drum outpoured, naturally cool to room in atmosphere through stretched wire
Wen Hou, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting；
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, to be processed packs after the assay was approved.
Vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tensile strength of described brake drum is
280～320MPa, hardness is HB200～220, and its metallographic structure is: A type graphite more than 85%, graphite length 3～5 grades, pearly-lustre
Body >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%.
Vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2) described in first time pregnant
Educating, the inovulant used is silicon titanate innoculant, and its composition contained and percentage composition thereof be: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～
6%, Ca:0.5～2.0%, Al:1～2%, Yu Weitie, the 0.3-that inovulant addition is molten steel quality bred for the first time
0.4%, granularity is 3～8mm；The inovulant that breeds of second time is Fe-Si75, and its composition contained and percentage composition thereof be: Si:
70～75%, surplus is ferrum, and addition is molten steel quality the 0.1～0.2% of the inovulant that second time breeds, its granularity is 0.5
～1.0mm.
Vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Slag conglomeration agent described in step 1) is swollen
Swollen perlite.
Vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described carburant is graphitization carburetting
Agent, in graphitization carburant, the weight/mass percentage composition shared by fixed carbon is 90～93%, S≤0.4%, and granularity is 3～6mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410225523.6A CN103993221B (en) | 2014-05-26 | A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410225523.6A CN103993221B (en) | 2014-05-26 | A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103993221A CN103993221A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
| CN103993221B true CN103993221B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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