CN103993221A - Vanadium titanium cast iron brake drum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vanadium titanium cast iron brake drum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103993221A CN103993221A CN201410225523.6A CN201410225523A CN103993221A CN 103993221 A CN103993221 A CN 103993221A CN 201410225523 A CN201410225523 A CN 201410225523A CN 103993221 A CN103993221 A CN 103993221A
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MRHSJWPXCLEHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[V].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ti].[V].[Fe] MRHSJWPXCLEHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000025599 Heat Stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[C] Chemical compound [V].[C] HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing technique of an automotive vanadium titanium cast iron brake drum with high strength and high abrasive resistance, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a vanadium titanium cast iron brake drum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: melting base iron, namely b y taking vanadium titanium pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferrochrome as furnace charge, adding the carburant to the furnace bottom; smelting the furnace charges by using a medium-frequency induction furnace to prepare the base iron; heating and purifying molten iron in an overheating manner after the molten iron is molten down, and then carrying out heat preservation at 1520-1530 DEG C; and carrying out drossing, adding a slag conglomeration agent to the surface to carry out heat preservation after drossing, and then adding a little of furnace charge, and adjusting the ingredients and the like of the molten iron. A little of furnace charge is added at the later smelting stage to increase the heterogeneous core technology, so that the chilling tendency of the molten iron is relieved, the graphitization ability of the molten iron is improved, and the inoculation effect is improved. A secondary inoculation treatment process of a launder and a pouring cup is adopted, so that the inoculation effect is improved, the graphite form is improved, carbide and ferrite are removed, and the content of pearlite is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cast metal material field, relate to a kind of automobile high-strength high-wearing feature vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum manufacturing technology, be specially a kind of preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum.
Background technology
Automobile brake drum is used under thermal fatigue and abrasive conditions, therefore, requires brake drum material to have good heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance and wear resisting property.Automobile brake drum generally adopts high-strength gray cast iron to produce, and its material developing direction is high thermal conductivity and high strength.Generally by improving carbon content and improving graphite form and improve thermal conductivity, by adding alloying element to improve intensity.The plain cast iron brake drum material trade mark is HT250, and carbon content 3.2-3.5% adds 0.3-0.6% copper, chromium alloying to process, and it is main requiring A type graphite, and perlite is more than 95%, and intensity is greater than 250MPa.
The cast iron brake drum technological process of production comprises: batching, melting, inoculation, cast, shake out, cleaning, machining, check, packing.
Plain cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance is poor, and its failure mode is generally crack propagation of thermal fatigue and causes cracking.Thermal fatigue resistance depends on thermal conductivity and intensity, and thermal conductivity and intensity are higher, and thermal fatigue resistance is better.Improving thermal fatigue resistance can take measures from two aspects, and the one, improve carbon content to form more graphite and to improve graphite form, thereby improve thermal conductivity; The 2nd, by methods such as alloyings, improve intensity.Owing to increasing carbon content, can significantly reduce intensity, therefore, for taking into account thermal conductivity and intensity, carbon need be controlled in OK range.For improving intensity, conventional Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu etc. are element alloyed.At present, adopting maximum is to add Cr, Cu, and Cr low price improves intensity effect good, but add-on can not be too much, otherwise material is become fragile, Cu compares Ni, Mo low price, and belong to graphite element, favourable to graphite form, become the conventional high-intensity alloy element of carrying.Ni, Mo are expensive, less use.Plain cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance and wearing no resistance, work-ing life is low, and need add precious alloy, and manufacturing cost is high.
Vanadium titanium exists with solid solution, precipitated phase and block compound form in cast iron, has refinement graphite and improves the effect that graphite form distributes and refinement strengthening matrix improves intensity and wear resistance.Vanadium titanium forms fine particle shape high rigidity carbon vanadium nitride and the titanium carbonitride (VC-HV2800, TiC-3300) that disperse distributes in cast iron, to improving wear resistance, plays a significant role.The tissue characteristic of vanadium-titanium cast iron is the distributing tiny particle of extreme hardness of disperse on the matrix of highly malleablized, makes it have the characteristic of the good and even wearing of wear resistance.Vanadium titanium improves its thermal fatigue resistance by improving cast iron normal temperature and hot strength, and the effect of vanadium titanium raising cast iron hot strength is more remarkable.Add precious alloy raising intensity different from plain cast iron brake drum, it is raw material that vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention adopts low-cost vanadium titanium iron, the vanadium titanium elements alloying of utilizing vanadium titanium iron to bring into, and not only alloying is effective, and production cost is low.Therefore, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention has higher thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance compared with plain cast iron brake drum, and work-ing life is higher, and has cost advantage.
Domestic once had vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum to study and production precedent, and Pan Gang system shop once produced vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum, but contained 0.3% molybdenum in its composition, and cost is high, adopts cold mould to cover sand molding process, complex process, and fail to produce in enormous quantities.Patent " casting high-strength automobile brake wheel hub formula and technique " (application number: 200610051293.1) contain chromium 0.5～0.8% in described brake hub composition, vanadium 0.05～0.09%, titanium 0.05～0.09%, though belong to vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum, but take chromium as main alloy element, there were significant differences for composition range and the present invention, and have no batch production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is just based on above technical problem, provide with low cost, by the unique alloying action of vanadium titanium, improve thermal fatigue resistance and the wear resistance of cast iron brake drum, thus the preparation method of a kind of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum in the work-ing life of raising cast iron brake drum.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of its component of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum is by mass percentage: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.6～1.9%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
The tensile strength of described vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum is 280～320MPa, and hardness is HB200～220, and its metallographic structure is: A type graphite is more than 85%, 3～5 grades of graphite length, perlite >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%.
A preparation method for vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum, comprises the following steps:
1) found base iron: take vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburelant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome is furnace charge, carburelant is added to furnace bottom, then with medium-frequency induction furnace, carry out melting base iron, overheated and the purifying molten iron that heats up after base iron is molten clear is then incubated 10 minutes under temperature is the condition of 1520～1530 ℃; The agent of overheated rear addition polymerization slag is also skimmed, then add the brake drum foundry returns of weight of molten iron 3～5%, finally adjust hot metal composition, the weight percent of each chemical composition in molten iron is reached: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.3～1.6%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity; The carburelant adopting in present method is greying carburelant, and the poly-slag agent adopting is pearlstone, and the composition in pearlstone and percentage composition thereof are: SiO
2: 68～74%, Ai
2o
3: 10～16%, surplus is Na
2o, K
2o, Ca0, MgO, Fe
2o
3and H
2o.
2) molten steel preparation and cast: by step 1) in found the molten iron obtaining and pour casting ladle into, load weighted nucleating agent is evenly added in molten iron stream simultaneously and pour in bag, breed for the first time, after tapping a blast furnace, skim, hot metal ladle is transported to pouring truck cast brake drum, in the process of cast, with stream, again add nucleating agent, breed for the second time; Wherein to pour the tapping temperature of casting ladle into be 1450～1480 ℃ to molten iron, and the teeming temperature that molten iron pours into casting mold is 1350～1380 ℃; Described the adopted nucleating agent that breeds is for the first time Si-Ba alloy, the composition that it contains and percentage composition thereof are: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～6%, Ca:0.5～2.0%, Al:1～2%, Yu Weitie, the addition of the nucleating agent breeding is for the first time molten steel quality 0.3～0.4%, granularity 3～8mm; Breed for the second time used nucleating agent for Fe-Si75, the composition that it is contained and percentage composition thereof are: Si:70～75%, and surplus is iron, and the addition of late inoculation nucleating agent is molten steel quality 0.1～0.2%, and its granularity is 0.5～1.0mm.
3) shake out cleaning: the brake drum of cast is cooled to 200 ℃ of following shake outs, naturally cools to after room temperature, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting through stretched wire in air.
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, check after processing, after the assay was approved packing.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1), reasonable component design: suitable vanadium titanium content, carrying the high-intensity while, alleviate titanium to graphite form and vanadium the disadvantageous effect to processing characteristics; Sulphur is used as beneficial element, controls suitable sulphur, to improve pregnant effect, promotes greying, improves graphite form, improves intensity; Suitable chromium, to improve intensity.
(2), advanced technique: take the melting later stage to add a small amount of foundry returns to increase heterogeneous nuclei technique, to alleviate molten iron chilling tendency, improve molten iron graphitizability, improve pregnant effect; Adopt iron notch and sprue cup late inoculation treatment process, to improve pregnant effect, improve graphite form, eliminate carbide and ferrite, improve content of pearlite in alloy.
(3), technical indicator is better than plain cast iron brake drum: vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention and plain cast iron brake drum technical indicator are to such as table 1.The former is significantly higher than the latter at tensile strength, and durometer level is more reasonable, and vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum technical indicator of the present invention is better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Table 1, technical indicator contrast
| Brake drum kind | Graphite form | Tensile strength, MPa | Hardness, HB |
| Vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum | A type >=85 | 280～320 | 200～220 |
| Plain cast iron brake drum | A type >=85 | 250～270 | 200～240 |
(4) use properties is better than plain cast iron brake drum: according to using producer's statistics, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention, in using, the Crack ratio of scrapping occurs is 0.13%, and plain cast iron brake drum is 0.27～3.17%, average out to 0.40%, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum cracking ratio of the present invention is only 1/3 of plain cast iron brake drum, illustrates that its thermal fatigue resistance is significantly better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum of the present invention and plain cast iron brake drum contrast the entrucking 20969Km that travels on heavy-load automobile, and heat fatigue cracking and wear pattern are as table 2, and brake drum surface situation situation is as accompanying drawing 3.
Table 2, the contrast of brake drum entrucking service condition
Entrucking is used result to show, vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance of the present invention and wear resistance are all significantly better than and plain cast iron brake drum, and improve more than 50% work-ing life compared with the latter.
(5), because vanadium titanium iron aboundresources is cheap, adopt vanadium titanium iron to produce vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum and also there is the advantage on resource and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is brake drum structure schematic diagram
A: braking surface (brake lining) B: pilot hole, C: inside flange face, D: outward flange face, E: bolt hole, F: end face, G wherein: large cylindrical
Fig. 2 is the graphite form photo of the vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparations, adopts MeF3 metaloscope to take pictures.
Fig. 3 is the matrix photo of the vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparations, adopts MeF3 metaloscope to take pictures
Embodiment
A kind of its component of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum is by mass percentage: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.6～1.9%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
The tensile strength of described vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum is 280～320MPa, and hardness is HB200～220, and its metallographic structure is: A type graphite is more than 85%, 3～5 grades of graphite length, perlite >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%.
In the present invention, vanadium, titanium exist with solid solution, precipitated phase and block compound form in cast iron, have refinement graphite and improve the effect that graphite form distributes and refinement strengthening matrix improves intensity and wear resistance.Vanadium titanium forms fine particle shape high rigidity carbon vanadium nitride and the titanium carbonitride (VC-HV2800, TiC-3300) that disperse distributes in cast iron, to improving wear resistance, plays a significant role.The tissue characteristic of vanadium-titanium cast iron is the distributing tiny particle of extreme hardness of disperse on the matrix of highly malleablized, makes it have the characteristic of the good and even wearing of wear resistance.Vanadium titanium improves its thermal fatigue resistance by improving cast iron normal temperature and hot strength, and the effect that vanadium titanium improves cast iron hot strength is than the more remarkable effect of its raising normal temperature strength.Add precious alloy raising intensity different from plain cast iron, it is raw material that vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron of the present invention adopts low-cost vanadium titanium iron, the vanadium titanium elements alloying of utilizing vanadium titanium iron to bring into, and not only alloying is effective, and production cost is low.Therefore, vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum has higher thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance compared with plain cast iron braking, and work-ing life is higher, and has cost advantage.
High strength, high thermal fatigue resistance vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum technology difficulties are graphite form control and intensity control, because titanium is constitutional supercooling element, significantly improve again intensity, if titanium amount is too high, form supercooled graphite, reduce heat conductivility, if titanium amount is too low, improve intensity effect not remarkable, intensity does not reach requirement; If the quality percentage composition of vanadium is too high, worsen processing characteristics, vanadium amount is too low, improves intensity effect not remarkable.The feature of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum of the present invention is by composition and process optimization, is not adding on the basis of precious alloy, obtains A type graphite and is greater than 85%, and intensity is greater than the cast iron of 280MPa.Vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum of the present invention has thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance is high, long service life, and the advantage of low cost of manufacture.
Except composition, carburelant kind and cast iron melting treatment process also have material impact to cast iron brake drum performance.Carburelant kind comprises greying carburelant and non-graphitized carburelant, and the former is easy to dissolve in molten iron, and specific absorption is high, improves molten iron graphitizability strong, promotes A type graphite to form.Molten iron is purified after Overheating Treatment, but heterogeneous nuclei in iron liquid reduces in a large number, and graphitizability weakens.For improving iron liquid nucleation ability, the inoculation process that adopt more, when tapping a blast furnace or while pouring into a mould, in iron liquid, add nucleating agent method, and to crossing in hot iron liquid, add foundry returns can play equally increase heterogeneous nuclei in stove, improve the effect of molten iron graphitizability.The present invention adopts the carburetting of greying carburelant, to various ways such as crossing when adding foundry returns, tap a blast furnace and pour into a mould in hot iron liquid twice inoculation, improves molten iron graphitizability, promotes A type graphite to form, thinning microstructure raising intensity.
The effect of carbon: carbon is graphite element, too low graphite is few, and poor morphology is unfavorable for heat conduction, too high, and intensity is low, and considering it affects thermal fatigue resistance, selects 3.2～3.6%; Silicon: graphite element, there is solution strengthening effect, too high increase Graphite Precipitation amount, makes graphite alligatoring, promotes ferrite to form, the too low carbide that occurs, suitable silicon is conducive to improve content of pearlite in alloy, selects Si:1.6～1.9%; Phosphorus is harmful element, forms iron phosphide eutectic, increases fragility, P≤0.10%; Sulphur forms the multiple compounds such as MnS, TiS in cast iron, and appropriate sulphur has the pregnant effect of improvement, promotes A type graphite, proposes high-intensity effect, and S is controlled at 0.07～0.12%; Chromium is carbide forming element, has thinning microstructure, proposes high-intensity effect, but the too high carbide content that increases increases fragility, Cr:0.25～0.35%.Vanadium, titanium effect, the too high processing characteristics that worsens of vanadium, vanadium amount is too low, improves intensity effect not remarkable; Titanium is constitutional supercooling element, significantly improves again intensity, if titanium is too high, promotes supercooled graphite to form, and is unfavorable for improving A type graphite ratio, reduces heat conductivility, if titanium amount is too low, improves intensity effect not remarkable, and intensity does not reach requirement.Control suitable vanadium titanium content: V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%.
The preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum in the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) found base iron: take vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburelant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome is furnace charge, in furnace charge, the weight percent of each chemical composition is: C:3.2～3.6%, Si:1.3～1.6%, Mn:0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.0:7～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity; Use medium-frequency induction furnace melting, the molten clear rear overheated purifying molten iron that heats up, 1520～1530 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes; The agent of overheated rear addition polymerization slag is also skimmed, and adds the brake drum foundry returns of weight of molten iron 3～5%, adjusts hot metal composition to reaching requirement; Described poly-slag agent is pearlstone, and the composition in pearlstone and percentage composition thereof are: SiO
2: 68～74%, Ai
2o
3: 10～16%, surplus is Na
2o, K
2o, Ca0, MgO, Fe
2o
3and H
2o.
2) molten steel preparation and cast: by step 1) molten iron founded pours casting ladle into, load weighted nucleating agent is evenly added in molten iron stream simultaneously and pour in bag, once breed, after tapping a blast furnace, skim, hot metal ladle is transported to pouring truck cast brake drum, in the process of cast, with stream, again add nucleating agent, carry out late inoculation; The described nucleating agent once breeding is Si-Ba alloy, and its composition and percentage composition thereof are: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～6%, Ca:0.5～2.0%, Al:1～2%, the addition that once breeds the silicon titanate innoculant of use is molten steel quality 0.3～0.4%, granularity 3～8mm; The nucleating agent of described late inoculation is Fe-Si75, and its composition and percentage composition thereof are: Si:70～75%, and surplus is iron, and the addition of the nucleating agent of late inoculation is molten steel quality 0.1～0.2%, and its granularity is 0.5～1.0mm.
3) shake out cleaning: the brake drum of cast is cooled to 200 ℃ of following shake outs, naturally cools to after room temperature, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting through stretched wire in air;
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, check after processing, after the assay was approved packing.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, the embodiment providing does not limit the scope of the invention, the present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination disclosing in this manual, and the arbitrary new method disclosing or step or any new combination of process.
Embodiment
According to the preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum in the specific embodiment of the invention, the vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum of preparing the heterogeneity combination within the scope of predetermined component of the present invention of 4 stoves, check its chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical property, result is as table 3, table 4.
Table 3 is prepared vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum chemical composition (wt%):
| Numbering | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Ti | Cr |
| Embodiment 1 | 3.43 | 1.71 | 0.88 | 0.085 | 0.081 | 0.171 | 0.075 | 0.26 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.36 | 1.82 | 0.83 | 0.092 | 0.083 | 0.182 | 0.091 | 0.29 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3.35 | 1.76 | 0.85 | 0.083 | 0.092 | 0.195 | 0.100 | 0.32 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.40 | 1.77 | 0.81 | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.187 | 0.093 | 0.30 |
Table 4 is prepared the metallographic structure of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum, mechanical property
Metallographic structure adopts the check of XJP-300 metaloscope; Intensity adopts the long sample of φ 10 single shoulder metal stretching, in HENGSHAN (HS) 600,000 newton's universal hydraulic testing machine checks; Hardness sample is of a size of φ 20 * 20, adopts HB-3000B-I Brinell tester to check 3 points, averages.
From table 3, table 4 result, find out, each embodiment vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum technical indicator all reaches requirement of the present invention, that is: graphite form is A type more than 85%, 3～5 grades of graphite length; Content of pearlite in alloy >=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%, tensile strength 280～20MPa, hardness HB200～220.
Novel vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum and common grey iron brake drum technical indicator are to such as table 1.The former is significantly higher than the latter at tensile strength, and durometer level is more reasonable, and novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum technical indicator is better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Table 1, technical indicator contrast
According to using producer's statistics, the Crack ratio of scrapping in use occurs vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum in the application is 0.13%, and plain cast iron brake drum is 0.27～3.17%, average out to 0.40%, vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum cracking ratio in the application is only 1/3 of plain cast iron brake drum, illustrates that its thermal fatigue resistance is significantly better than plain cast iron brake drum.
Novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum and plain cast iron brake drum contrast on heavy-load automobile, the entrucking 20969Km that travels, and heat fatigue cracking and wear pattern are as table 2.
Table 2, the contrast of brake drum entrucking service condition
Entrucking is used result to show, novel vanadium-titanium cast iron brake drum thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance are all significantly better than and plain cast iron brake drum, and improve more than 50% work-ing life compared with the latter.
Claims (6)
1. a vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum, it is characterized in that: in this brake drum, adopted graphitic cast iron, the component that wherein graphitic cast iron contains is by mass percentage: C: 3.2～3.6%, Si: 1.6～1.9%, Mn: 0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti: 0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
2. vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum according to claim 1, is characterized in that the tensile strength of described brake drum is 280～320MPa, and hardness is HB200～220, its metallographic structure is: A type graphite is more than 85%, 3～5 grades of graphite length, perlite>=98%, carbide+iron phosphide eutectic≤2%
.
3. a preparation method for vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) found base iron: take vanadium titanium iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, carburelant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome is furnace charge, carburelant is added to furnace bottom, with medium-frequency induction furnace, furnace charge is carried out to melting and make base iron, the overheated purifying molten iron that heats up after molten iron melts clearly, then 1520～1530 ℃ of insulations; Then skim, after skimming, in its surperficial addition polymerization slag agent, be incubated, and then add a small amount of foundry returns, adjust hot metal composition; Make the weight percent of each chemical composition in molten iron be: C:3.2～3.6%, Si: 1.3～1.6%, Mn: 0.6～0.9%, P≤0.10%, S:0.07～0.12%, V:0.15～0.20%, Ti:0.07～0.12%, Cr:0.25～0.35%, surplus is Fe and other inevitable impurity;
2) molten steel preparation and cast: pour the molten iron of founding in step 1) into casting ladle, load weighted nucleating agent is evenly added in molten iron stream simultaneously and pour in bag, breed for the first time; After tapping a blast furnace, skim, hot metal ladle is transported to pouring truck cast brake drum, in the process of cast, with stream, again adds nucleating agent, breeds for the second time; Wherein to pour the tapping temperature of casting ladle into be 1450～1480 ℃ to molten iron, and the teeming temperature that molten iron pours into casting mold is 1350～1380 ℃;
3) shake out cleaning: be cooled to 200 ℃ of following shake outs by watering the brake drum outpouring, naturally cool in air through stretched wire after room temperature, through shot-blasting machine impeller blasting;
4) inspection during manufacture: the brake drum blank after cleaning send machine to add workshop processing, packing after the assay was approved to be processed.
4. the preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: breeding for the first time described in step (2), the nucleating agent using is silicon titanate innoculant, the composition that it contains and percentage composition thereof are: Si:60～70%, Ba:2～6%, Ca:0.5～2.0%, Al:1～2%, Yu Weitie, the 0.3-0.4% that the nucleating agent addition breeding is for the first time molten steel quality, granularity is 3～8mm; The nucleating agent breeding is for the second time Fe-Si75, and the composition that it contains and percentage composition thereof are: Si:70～75%, and surplus is iron, and the addition of the nucleating agent breeding is for the second time molten steel quality 0.1～0.2%, and its granularity is 0.5～1.0mm.
5. the preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the poly-slag agent described in step (1) is pearlstone.
6. the preparation method of vanadium titanium graphitic cast iron brake drum according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described carburelant is greying carburelant, and in greying carburelant, the shared quality percentage composition of fixed carbon is 90～93%, S≤0.4%, and granularity is 3～6mm.
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| CN201410225523.6A CN103993221B (en) | 2014-05-26 | A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201410225523.6A CN103993221B (en) | 2014-05-26 | A kind of vanadium titanium casting pig brake drum and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103993221A true CN103993221A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
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