CN103990775B - Extruding metal autoform method and its product - Google Patents
Extruding metal autoform method and its product Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990775B CN103990775B CN201410251953.5A CN201410251953A CN103990775B CN 103990775 B CN103990775 B CN 103990775B CN 201410251953 A CN201410251953 A CN 201410251953A CN 103990775 B CN103990775 B CN 103990775B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of extruding metal autoform method and its product, especially light-alloy or light-alloy composite and casting, the extruding autoform method of forging and its product is completed in same mold.The present invention is that the development of the technologies such as extrusion casint, continuous casting continuous forging is improved, and mainly solves the problems, such as continuous casting continuous forging workpiece amount of plastic deformation less than forging critical strain amount.The technical scheme is that reserving unfilled die cavity in cast sections, its volume need to be more than the volume corresponding to workpiece forging critical strain amount；The forging stage realizes plastic deformation or crystal grain refinement stowing operation come full of die cavity by sliding cylinder extrusion again.The invention provides a kind of new metal heat processing and forming method, be will cast, forging, a kind of method of semi-solid processing three fusion, it is adaptable to the manufacture of high performance load part, air-tightness part such as aluminum vehicle wheel, connecting rod etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal or the manufacturing process and its product of metal-base composites, especially light-alloy or light-alloy
Composite completes casting, the manufacturing process and its product of forging in same mold.
Background technology
Extrusion casint and die forging all belong to existing metal heat processing and forming method.Extrusion casint is that liquid metal material exists
Mold cavity is full of under gravity or mechanical force, then makes molten metal crystallization and freezing at elevated pressures.Weak point is to squeeze
Though pressure ratio pressure is higher than other casting methods, but still workpiece can not be made to produce obvious plastic deformation.
Die forging is, to solid metallic blank heating, to be then placed in forging die, and after forging press pressurization, solid metallic blank produces modeling
Property deformation be full of forging die cavity.Die forging is primarily adapted for use in the workpiece of simple shape；For complex-shaped workpiece, the machine of forging adds
Work cutting output is more much bigger than casting, therefore the production cost of die forging part is higher than extrusion casint.
Existing semi-solid metal forming method is to first pass through the treatment such as machinery, electromagnetic agitation or ultrasonic wave, prepare it is spherical or
The semi solid slurry of nearly spheric grain or by semi-solid blank remelting, then control fraction solid account for 35% in solid-liquid mixture~
65%, is then pressurizeed and semi solid slurry is filled mold cavity, and solidified completely under stress.The characteristics of semi-solid state forming technique
It is：There must be a process for preparing spherical or near spheric grain semi solid slurry before filling die cavity.
Existing casting-forging process integration is that strand first is obtained with mold, then is put into forging die after strand is reheated and is forged
Make；Two molds, two complete equipments are needed, is heated twice, production cost is high.Refer to Chinese patent " cast forging process of aluminum vehicle wheel "
(application number 200580012476.6), " combination process for casting and forging of connecting rod " (application number 85106018).
Existing continuous casting continuous forging technology is the development to extrusion casint, casting-forging process integration etc., is characterized in：Metal material
Mold cavity is full of in the liquid state, after after its solidification, the solid-state metallic material in same mold is forged at once；Because of it
Forging amount is to be based on filling up the formation such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, stomata and solidification shrinkage of workpiece, therefore forging amount is less than normal, generally less than forges
Critical strain amount is made, so that workpiece amount of plastic deformation is smaller than die forging.This technology is referred to《Continuous casting continuous forging technology》, it is Chen Ping Guang, old
Elder brother writes, China Machine Press's first edition of in April, 2004；" metal fluid die-casting forging dual control is once-forming for Chinese patent
Method " (application number 200410052493.X).
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of extruding metal autoform method, to overcome continuous casting continuous forging workpiece to be plastically deformed
Deficiency of the amount less than forging critical strain amount；Another object of the present invention is to provide and is prepared by the extruding metal autoform method
Metal or metal-base composite-material product.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is a kind of such, extruding metal autoform method,
It is included in same mold and completes casting, forging, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps of and process conditions：
Step one, equipment prepares, mould prepares, molten metal prepares；The pouring temperature of the molten metal must not be higher than the material
Expect the pouring temperature in extrusion casint or gravitational casting；
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode；
Step 3, casting；Using gravity-assist pouring or low pressure casting or drift injection or electromagnetic pouring mode, by quantitative metal
Liquid injects die cavity, running channel or the extrusion chamber of mould, but die cavity can not be completely filled with, but remains step 4 and refill；It is described not
The volume for filling die cavity need to be more than the volume corresponding to workpiece forging critical strain amount；
Step 4, forging；By one or more plunger in same mould metal material apply once or
Extruding more than once, until die cavity is full of；The extrusion ratio pressure of the extruding need to be more than metal material in final forging temperature
The elevated temperature strength limit, extruding beginning condition is the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity up to more than 35%；
Step 5, pressurize；Die cavity continues to keep extruding force after being full of；Dwell time regarded the difference of workpiece, at 1-1800 seconds
Interior selection；
Step 6, releases locked mode, die sinking, ejects pickup.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, it is characterised in that：The cast temperature of the molten metal described in step one
The pouring temperature spent than the material in extrusion casint or gravitational casting is low by 5%~15%.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, it is characterised in that：Extrusion ratio pressure described in step 4 is more than gold
Compressive yield strength of the category material in room temperature.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4 starts condition
The fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture is more than 65% in die cavity.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, the extrusion ratio pressure described in step 4 is more than metal material in room
Compressive yield strength when warm, it is characterised in that：Extruding beginning condition described in step 4 in die cavity solid-liquid mixture consolidate
Phase fraction is more than 65%.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4 starts condition
Metal material has all solidified and temperature range is less than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature in die cavity.
Further, the extruding metal autoform method, the extrusion ratio pressure described in step 4 is more than metal material in room
Compressive yield strength when warm, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4 start condition in die cavity metal material it is complete
Portion solidifies and temperature range is less than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature.
Preferably, the extruding metal autoform method, workpiece material is ZL101A aluminium alloys, it is characterized in that：Also wrap
Following process conditions are included, aluminium liquid pouring temperature is 615~685 DEG C, and the volume of unfilled die cavity described in step 3 need to be more than 15%,
Extrusion ratio pressure described in step 4 is 150~350MPa, and extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes
50% or 65%.
The metal or metal-base composites system prepared by any one method in above-mentioned extruding metal autoform method
Product.
Preferably, ZL101A aluminum-alloy wheels, the load part for being prepared by aforementioned metal extruding autoform method.
Beneficial effect：Using technical scheme, workpiece amount of plastic deformation can be realized more than forging critical strain amount,
And cost reaches or close to the effect of forging close to casting, performance.The low then workpiece performance of pouring temperature is good；And low temperature may lead
The misrun casting flaw of cause, can fill to eliminate by the plastic deformation forged.Solid-liquid mixture is in metal material
Start extruding under state, then can have the effect of part semi-solid processing, but of the invention and need not be complicated semi solid slurry concurrently
Preparation process.Also the operation without pre-production die forging strand, reheating of the invention.The present invention is in same mold
In, will casting, forging, the innovation of semi-solid processing three fusion.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for being easy to explain the present invention together with embodiment, but is not construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of extruding metal autoform method.
In figure：1- squeeze cylinders, 20- plungers, 21- plunger bushings, 3- extrusion chambers, 4- cast gates, the unfilled die cavities of 50-, 51- cast
Metal material afterwards, the workpiece after 52- forgings, mould under 61-, 62- side forms, the upper moulds of 63-, 7- push rods, 8- side form cylinders, 9- base plates.
Specific embodiment
With reference to a preferred embodiment and its accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment provides a kind of extruding metal autoform method and its product, is that a kind of trade mark is the ZL101A (U.S.
Trade mark A356.2, Japan trade mark AC4CH) aluminum-alloy wheel, it is comprised the following steps：
Step one, equipment, mould, aluminium liquid etc. prepare；Equipment can be special extruding casting forging equipment or tampered liquid
Morphotype forging extruder, die casting machine etc.；Mould includes lower mould (61), side form (62), upper mould (63), plunger (20), plunger bushing (21)
Deng, it is also possible to without side form；Allow one-mold multiple-member；Mould installion on base plate (9), it is necessary to clear up, spray paint, be preheated to 150-
300 DEG C or so, equipment for cooling die can be enabled during continuous production；Aluminium liquid pouring temperature after refining degasification is controlled 615~685
DEG C, it is better closer to liquidus temperature；And pouring temperatures of the ZL101A in extrusion casint, gravitational casting or low pressure casting then
As be 690~720 DEG C；
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode；First matched moulds is poured into a mould preferentially again；If first pouring into a mould again the mode of matched moulds, filling and forging,
Dimensional uniformity to product is unfavorable, meanwhile, entirely upper mould makees extruding drift, then required equipment tonnage is greatly increased；According to normal
Know, clamp force need to be more than swollen type power, can realize locked mode with side form cylinder (8) or other clamping mechanisms etc.；
Step 3, casting；Using gravity-assist pouring or other pouring types, quantitative aluminium liquid is injected die cavity, the running channel of mould
Or extrusion chamber (3), but die cavity can not be completely filled with, but remain step 4 and refill, that is, reserve unfilled die cavity (50)；It is described
The volume of unfilled die cavity need to be more than the volume corresponding to workpiece forging critical strain amount, to treat follow-up plastic history institute
Need, can be by controlling diameter of plunger etc. to achieve the goal；Can also design technology further chambers as the one of unfilled die cavity
Part；Metal material in extrusion chamber need to be slightly more than the volume of unfilled die cavity；For aluminium alloy, forging critical strain amount is general
12%~15%；Cast gate (4) can be one or more, and pouring position can be that teeming, rising pouring or side are noted, or several cast gates
Pour into a mould simultaneously；Filtering object can be placed in cast gate；
Step 4, forging；With the squeeze cylinder (1) in equipment by one or more plunger (20) to same mould
In lose the metal material (51) of routine casting mobility and apply the extruding of once or more, until die cavity is full of, and
And be stowing operation based on plastic deformation or crystal grain refinement；Can simultaneously be extruded using extruding under plunger or up and down if necessary
Mode；When having local compression plunger, can synchronously be extruded with main plunger, it is also possible to asynchronous extruding；Extrusion ratio pressure for 150~
350MPa or higher, the more big then forging effect of extrusion ratio pressure is stronger, but required equipment tonnage is bigger；The solid phase of ZL101A aluminium alloys
Line temperature is 545 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 380 DEG C, interval about 450-550 DEG C of optimal plastic deformation temperatures；Extrusion speed according to
Different workpieces are adjusted, being conducive to being plastic deformation to principle；Extruding beginning condition is the solid phase point of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity
Number is more than 50% or 65%；If without external force effect, solid-liquid mixture typically begins to lose casting after fraction solid is more than 35%
Make mobility；More big then its mobility of fraction solid is poorer, while plastic deformation effect is better, but required extruding force, clamp force
It is bigger；In actual production, can also control to extrude beginning condition by extruding time started or mold temperature etc.；
Step 5, pressurize；Die cavity continues to keep extruding force after being full of；Dwell time regarded the difference of workpiece, at 1-1800 seconds
Interior selection；The dwell time of ZL101A aluminum-alloy wheels is generally 5-60 seconds；
Step 6, releases locked mode, die sinking, the workpiece (52) after push rod (7) ejection forging；Pushing method can be upper top
Go out, or it is lower ejection etc..
Present invention is particularly suitable for preparing high performance light-alloy load part, such as air-tightness part, wheel, connecting rod, system
Dynamic pump etc..Material can be casting alloy, deforming alloy or metal-base composites；The semi solid slurry for having prepared can also be used for
The present invention.
The present invention is not only limited in above-mentioned implementation method, by the way of identical with the above embodiment of the present invention or approximate,
Obtained from extruding metal autoform method and its product, the present invention claims determine scope of patent protection
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extruding metal autoform method, is included in same mold and completes casting, forging, it is characterized in that, comprising
Following steps and process conditions：
Step one, equipment prepares, mould prepares, molten metal prepares；The pouring temperature of the molten metal must not be higher than the molten metal
Pouring temperature of the material in extrusion casint or gravitational casting；
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode；
Step 3, casting；Using gravity-assist pouring or low pressure casting or drift injection or electromagnetic pouring mode, by quantitative molten metal note
Enter die cavity, running channel or the extrusion chamber of mould, but die cavity can not be completely filled with, but remain step 4 and refill；It is described unfilled
The volume of die cavity need to be more than the volume corresponding to workpiece forging critical strain amount；
Step 4, forging；The metal material in same mould is applied once or twice by one or more plunger
Extruding above, with the stowing operation of plastic deformation until die cavity is full of；The extrusion ratio pressure of the extruding need to be more than metal material
Expect the elevated temperature strength limit in final forging temperature, extruding beginning condition be solid-liquid mixture in die cavity fraction solid up to 35% with
On；The extrusion ratio pressure refers to the ratio of the extruding force and ram area being added on plunger；
Step 5, pressurize；Die cavity continues to keep extruding force after being full of；Dwell time regards the difference of workpiece, the choosing in 1-1800 seconds
Take；
Step 6, releases locked mode, die sinking, ejects pickup.
2. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Molten metal described in step one
Pouring temperature is lower by 5%~15% than the pouring temperature of the molten metal material in extrusion casint or gravitational casting.
3. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4
It is more than compressive yield strength of the metal material in room temperature than pressure.
4. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4
Beginning condition is the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity more than 65%.
5. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4 starts
Condition is the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity more than 65%.
6. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4
Beginning condition is for metal material has all solidified and temperature range is less than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature in die cavity.
7. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Extruding described in step 4 starts
Condition is for metal material has all solidified and temperature range is less than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature in die cavity.
8. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1, workpiece material is ZL101A aluminium alloys, its feature
It is：Also include following process conditions, aluminium liquid pouring temperature is 615~685 DEG C, and the volume of unfilled die cavity described in step 3 is needed greatly
In 15%, extrusion ratio pressure described in step 4 is 150~350MPa, and extruding beginning condition is the solid phase point of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity
Number is more than 50%.
9. the metal or metal-base composites system for being prepared by one of claim 1-7 described extruding metal autoform method
Product.
10. the load part for being prepared as the extruding metal autoform method described in claim 8, including ZL101A aluminium alloy cars
Wheel.
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