CN103973216A - Photovoltaic, photo-thermal and lighting energy comprehensive utilization device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting energy. The device includes a transparent light-gathering edge cover plate, an anti-reflection film, a photovoltaic cell, a side plate, a bottom plate, a ventilation pipe and a fan, wherein the transparent light-gathering edge cover plate One side of the surface is a plane, and the other side is a solid concentrating rib that is parallel to each other and evenly distributed. The two sides of the solid concentrating rib are symmetrical paraboloids. Between the photovoltaic cell and the bottom surface of the solid concentrating rib; both the bottom plate and the side plate are transparent, and uniformly distributed small holes are processed on the bottom plate; The side with solid light-gathering ribs on the light-prism cover plate is located in the enclosed space, which is closed by the bottom plate, and the ventilation pipe connected to the side plate communicates with the enclosed space, and the ventilation pipe is connected with an exhaust fan. The invention has a simple overall structure, realizes the combination of concentrating photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting, and improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.

Description

Photovoltaic, photothermal and lighting energy comprehensive utilization device

technical field

The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization device with photovoltaic power generation, light heat and daylighting energy, which belongs to the field of optical technology application, green building design and comprehensive utilization of solar energy, especially the technical field of solar green building and solar combined light, heat and electricity supply. It can be applied to fields such as agricultural engineering and crop cultivation.

Background technique

In modern architectural design, more and more attention is paid to the adoption of new lighting and energy-saving technologies. At present, the most commonly used energy-saving building roof covers are transparent materials such as glass. The use of a large number of transparent materials can not only increase the visual comfort and design artistry of the building, but also make the interior of the building have good lighting during the day. However, the conventional transparent cover will also bring some negative problems. For example, when the sun is strong at noon on the conventional transparent glass roof, the light shines through the roof into the room, making the indoor light too strong, which makes people feel dazzling, and a lot of The transmitted light will cause the room temperature to rise and make the human body uncomfortable. In actual use, the demand for light intensity in buildings is basically constant, while the light intensity of the sun varies with seasons and different time periods of the day. Generally speaking, the light intensity is stronger in summer and at noon of the day, while the light intensity is relatively weaker in winter and in the morning and afternoon of the day, resulting in uneven indoor illuminance of the building.

In order to meet the demand of light intensity in the building, certain measures need to be taken to control light and heat, and try to achieve uniform light intensity in the building within a day. The current solutions mainly include the following categories: one is to recess the glass window or add an extended fixed shelter on the top or both sides of the glass window when designing the glass window on the wall of the building. The shielding structure around the glass window can be Block out a certain amount of sunlight, so that the light cannot completely enter the building, so as to reduce the problems of too strong indoor light and too high temperature. This method has certain defects. It can satisfy the original intention in summer or at noon of the day, but in winter or in the morning, afternoon and cloudy days of the day, the light is already weak. It will make the room cold.

Another type of solution is to add a movable shelter similar to a shutter structure outside the glass window on the building wall. Add window shutters or horizontal or vertical louvered coverings, or add roll-up roller blinds. Compared with the aforementioned method, although this method can be used under weak weather conditions, the shelter can move, rotate or remove the shelter so that it no longer blocks light and meets the indoor lighting requirements. But this kind method also has shortcoming, at first these shelters that increase in building wall periphery make building appearance irregular, not attractive in appearance, and easily make shelter fall off in windy weather and increase potential safety hazard. In addition, these protruding shelters are easy to accumulate dust, which affects the reflection of light and increases the difficulty of cleaning and construction.

Another type of method is to paste a double-layer complementary stepped transparent wedge-shaped prism film on the inner surface of the glass window to reflect and refract light rays entering the glass window in different incident angle ranges. In winter, the incident angle of light is small, and can enter the window through the reflection and refraction of the film, which meets the indoor lighting requirements; There is a thin layer of air in the middle of the double-layer film. The advantage of the double-layer film is that while realizing light control, people can still clearly see the scenery outside the window indoors. The disadvantage of this type of method is that it is expensive and expensive.

The light control and heat control measures mentioned above are all researches on the windows on the building walls. Because the building windows not only need to transmit light and heat, but also need ventilation, people need to observe the outdoor conditions through the windows in the building. These requirements make the use of The method of controlling light and heat controlled by windows is subject to many limitations. The function of the building roof is relatively single, and there are no problems such as windows.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a device for comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting energy, which is used to control daylighting, so that the light transmittance of the device is high in the morning and evening and winter, and low at noon and summer, and combined with photoelectricity and photothermal Technology can better solve the problem of uneven illuminance and temperature in the building during the day.

A comprehensive utilization device for photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting energy, the device includes a transparent light-gathering rib cover plate, an anti-reflection film, a photovoltaic cell, a side plate, a bottom plate, a ventilation pipe and a fan, wherein one side of the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate The surface is flat, and on the other side surface are solid concentrating ribs that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed. Between the bottom surface of the solid concentrating rib; the bottom plate and the side plate are transparent, and the bottom plate is processed with evenly distributed small holes;

The overall connection relationship is that the side of the transparent light concentrating prism cover plate is connected with the side plate to form a closed-loop enclosed space, the side of the transparent light concentrating prism cover plate with the solid light concentrating rib is located in the enclosed space, and the enclosed space is formed by the bottom plate Closed, the ventilation pipe connected to the side plate communicates with the enclosed space, and the ventilation pipe is connected with an exhaust fan.

The transparent concentrating prism cover plate is integrally processed and formed from a transparent material such as plexiglass; each concentrating prism on it is also called a CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator).

Working principle: The photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting energy comprehensive utilization device of the present invention is installed on the roof of the building or part of the daylighting window, and the device is irradiated by sunlight during the day. The transparent light-gathering prism cover that shoots to the entity belongs to the light-sparse medium and shoots to the light-dense medium, so a refraction occurs at the interface of the transparent light-gathering prism cover; after that, the light hits the interface between the solid light-gathering prism wall and the air, due to satisfying The total reflection condition, so a total reflection occurs on the surface of the solid light-gathering prism, and then the light is directed to the bottom of the solid light-gathering prism. After the light is finally refracted and reflected by the transparent cover plate, it converges at the bottom of the solid light-gathering prism, and finally passes through the anti-reflection film, and then is received by the photovoltaic cell attached to the bottom of the solid light-gathering prism to generate electricity and generate heat.

When the incident angle of sunlight is large, since the sunlight is directed from the air to the solid transparent cover, which belongs to the optically sparse medium to the optically dense medium, a refraction occurs at the interface of the transparent cover, and then the light hits the surface of the solid concentrating rib wall The interface with the air satisfies the total reflection condition, so a total reflection occurs on the surface of the solid light-condensing prism wall; then the light is directed to the interface between the other side wall of the solid light-condensing prism and the air, and at this interface, the light is emitted by the optically dense medium. To the light-thinning medium, after a refraction, it is emitted from the wall surface of the lower half of the solid light-gathering prism, and the light enters the building through the transparent bottom plate to realize daylighting. At the same time, this part of light energy also heats the air in the enclosed space; after the fan is turned on, The air sucked into the building through the small holes on the bottom plate is heated by the photovoltaic cells and then drawn out by the fan, which can be used as heat, and the flowing air also cools the photovoltaic cells, increasing the life and efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

In order to achieve the purpose of easy processing, the solid light-gathering rib adopts a trapezoidal shape, and its cross-section is an inverted trapezoid;

In order to save materials and reduce the weight of components, the solid light-concentrating rib adopts a hollow structure, and its inner and outer surfaces are paraboloids; in addition, a transparent cover is added on the transparent light-condensing rib cover to prevent its internal The light transmittance is reduced due to dust accumulation, and it is easy to clean.

Beneficial effect:

(1) In the present invention, when the sunlight is strong, that is, when the incident angle of light is small, the photovoltaic cell at the bottom of the solid light concentrating rib receives the light gathered by the solid light concentrating rib to generate electricity and heat, and can obtain heat energy while obtaining electric energy, and also avoids The problem of overheating and dazzling light inside the building, at the same time makes the design of modern buildings beautiful, increases the artistry of design, realizes the comprehensive utilization of energy, and realizes the purpose of green buildings; A refraction occurs at the interface of the plexiglass, and then total reflection occurs on the solid light-concentrating prism made of plexiglass, and then refraction occurs on the interface between the plexiglass and air, and finally the light is emitted from the transparent bottom plate and enters the building to realize daylighting , that is, the overall structure is simple and reliable, and can realize the combination of concentrated photovoltaics, photothermal and daylighting, and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.

(2) The solid light concentrating edge of the present invention is replaced by a trapezoidal body unit. The outer surface of the trapezoidal body unit is a trapezoidal structure, which is designed to be a trapezoidal structure, which is convenient for processing and high in yield.

(3) The solid light concentrating edge of the present invention adopts a hollow structure, which can save materials and reduce the weight of the overall transparent cover plate. The opening end of the light concentrating edge is closed by using a transparent flat cover plate, which can prevent the hollow structure from being transparent due to dust accumulation. The light rate is reduced, which is convenient for cleaning, thereby prolonging the service life of the transparent cover.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the solid light-condensing rib in the transparent light-gathering-prism cover plate of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the transparent cover plate of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of an embodiment of a transparent light-gathering rib cover plate in which the solid light-gathering rib is changed into a trapezoidal shape according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of an embodiment of the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate in which the solid light-gathering rib is changed into a hollow structure according to the present invention.

Among them, 1—anti-reflection coating; 2—solid concentrating rib; 3—transparent concentrating rib cover; 4—oblique incident light; 5—normal incident light; 6—photovoltaic cell; 7—ventilation pipe; 8—air flow ; 9—bottom plate; 10—side plate; 11—beam Ⅰ; 12—beam Ⅱ; 13—half maximum acceptance angle of solid light-condensing edge; 14—critical angle for total reflection; 15—normal of incident surface; 16 — trapezoidal light concentrating edge; 17 — transparent trapezoidal light concentrating edge cover plate; 18 — hollow inner and outer parabolic light concentrating edge; 19 — transparent cover plate; 20 — transparent hollow parabolic light concentrating edge cover plate.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the photovoltaic, photothermal and daylighting energy comprehensive utilization device of the present invention includes a transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3, an anti-reflection film 1, a photovoltaic cell 6, a side plate 10, a bottom plate 9, and a ventilation pipe 7 And the fan, wherein, one side surface of the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3 is a plane, and the other side surface is a solid light-gathering rib 2 parallel to each other, and the two sides of the solid light-gathering rib 2 are symmetrical paraboloids. A photovoltaic cell 6 is pasted on the bottom of the concentrating rib 2, and the anti-reflection film 1 is located between the photovoltaic cell 6 and the bottom surface of the solid concentrating rib 2; uniformly distributed small holes are processed on the bottom plate 9;

Its overall connection relationship is that the side of the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3 is connected with the side plate 10 to form a closed-loop enclosed space, and the side with the solid light-gathering rib 2 on the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3 is located in the enclosed space. The enclosed space is closed by the base plate 9, and the side plate 10 is connected with the ventilation pipe 7 to communicate with the enclosed space, and the ventilation pipe 7 is connected with an exhaust fan.

The working principle is that sunlight enters from the upper surface of the solid transparent belt concentrating rib cover plate 3, and is refracted and reflected by the transparent solid concentrating rib 2. When the incident angle is small or it is direct light 5, the light passes through the anti-reflection film 1 is converged on the photovoltaic cell 6, which reduces the transmittance of the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3 and generates electricity and heat; when the incident angle increases, the oblique incident light 4 passes through the refraction of the transparent solid light-gathering rib and reflection, and finally penetrate the transparent light-gathering rib cover plate 3, and emit from the lower wall of the transparent solid light-gathering rib 2, the transmittance increases, and then enter the building through the bottom plate 9 to realize daylighting, which can be used for lighting. After the fan is turned on, the air flow 8 inhaled by the small hole on the bottom plate is heated by the photovoltaic cell 6 and then drawn out by the fan through the ventilation pipe 7, which can be used for heat utilization, and the air flow 8 also cools the photovoltaic cell 6 at the same time, increasing the photovoltaic cell 6 life and efficiency.

As shown in accompanying drawing 2, the optical path principle of a single solid light-condensing edge 2 is as follows:

The light beam 11 is an effective converging light, and the included angle between it and the normal line 15 of the incident surface is the incident angle α. The effective converging light means that after the incident light 11 is refracted by the upper surface of the solid concentrating rib 2, its refraction angle is the same as that of the concentrating rib Half of the maximum acceptance angles 13 are exactly equal, and after being reflected by the side of the light-gathering rib, it just hits the joint between the bottom of the solid light-gathering rib 2 and the curved surface wall. At this time, the light beam 11 can still be received by the photovoltaic cell 6 at the bottom of the transparent single solid light concentrating rib 2, therefore, the incident light incident on point A with an incident angle smaller than α will be concentrated on the photovoltaic cell 6 and incident on point A And the incident light with an incident angle greater than α will be refracted and reflected by the transparent single solid light concentrating rib 2 and then emitted from the lower part of the transparent single solid light concentrating rib 2 .

Direct sunlight or a small incident angle, the propagation path of the light beam 11 in the solid light-concentrating prism 2 can be explained step by step as follows: Since the light beam I is directed from the air to the transparent light-concentrating prism cover 3, it belongs to the optically sparse medium and radiates to the optically dense medium, so primary refraction occurs at the interface of the transparent light-gathering prism cover plate 3 . Afterwards, the light beam I11 hits the interface between the wall surface of the solid concentrating rib 2 and the air. Since the incident angle is greater than the critical angle 14 for total reflection, the condition of total reflection is satisfied. Towards the bottom of entity light-gathering edge 2. The light beam I is finally refracted and reflected by the transparent light-gathering prism cover plate 3 , and converges at the bottom of the solid light-gathering prism 2 . Since a part of the light beam I will be totally reflected at the bottom of the solid concentrating rib 2, which is not conducive to the reception of the photovoltaic cell 6, an anti-reflection coating 1 is placed between the photovoltaic cell 6 and the solid concentrating rib 2, and the density of the anti-reflection coating 1 is between The density between the air and the cover plate 3 can avoid total reflection of a part of the light at the bottom of the solid light concentrating rib 2, increase the amount of light that the photovoltaic cell 6 can receive, and thereby improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 6. Finally, the light is received by the photovoltaic cell 6 attached to the bottom of the solid light concentrating rib 2 to generate electric energy and generate heat.

When the sunlight is obliquely incident, the incident angle is large, the light beam 12 is an effective illumination light, and its incident point is also point A, and the included angle with the normal line 15 of the incident surface is β. It can be explained step by step as follows: Since the light beam II is emitted from the air to the transparent solid cover 3, which belongs to the optically sparse medium to the optically dense medium, a refraction occurs at the interface of the transparent cover 3. Afterwards, the light beam II hits the interface between the wall surface of the solid concentrating rib 2 and the air, and since the incident angle is greater than the critical angle 14 for total reflection, the total reflection condition is satisfied, and a total reflection occurs on the wall surface of the solid concentrating rib 2 . Since the incident angle β is greater than α, the light beam II then shoots to the interface between the other side wall surface of the solid concentrating rib 2 and the air. At this interface, the incident light beam II is smaller than the critical angle 14 for total reflection, which does not satisfy the total reflection condition. The light-dense medium shoots to the light-dense medium, and finally shoots out from the lower part of the solid light-gathering rib 2 after a refraction, and enters the building through the bottom plate 9 to realize daylighting.

As shown in accompanying drawing 4, this embodiment changes the solid parabolic light concentrating edge into a trapezoidal light concentrating edge; After reflection, the anti-reflection film 1 converges on the photovoltaic cell 6 at the bottom of the trapezoidal light concentrating edge 16 to generate electricity and generate heat. The obliquely incident solar light beam 4 is refracted and reflected by the trapezoidal light concentrating rib 16 and is projected from its lower part, and enters the interior of the building through the bottom plate 9 for daylighting. There are ventilation holes on the side plate 10, and a fan can be installed on the external ventilation pipe 7. When the fan is turned on, the air flow 8 enters the device through the small holes on the bottom plate 9, and the photovoltaic cell 6 is cooled while being heated by the photovoltaic cell 6, so that the photovoltaic cell can be increased. 6 efficiency and the life-span, then discharge from the vent pipe 7 air outlets, and utilize heat.

As shown in accompanying drawing 5, this embodiment changes the solid parabolic light concentrating rib into the inner and outer parabolic light concentrating rib of hollow structure; The refraction and reflection of the transparent hollow parabolic light concentrating rib 18 of the light concentrating rib cover plate 20 is then converged to the photovoltaic cell 6 at the bottom of the antireflection film 1 to generate electricity and heat. The obliquely incident solar beam 4 hits the transparent cover plate 19 for refraction, then hits the curved wall of the hollow inner and outer parabolic light concentrating ribs 18, and then finally shoots out from the lower part of it after refraction, and enters the interior of the building through the bottom plate 9 for use in lighting. There are ventilation holes on the side plate 10, and a fan can be installed on the external ventilation pipe 7. When the fan is turned on, the air flow 8 enters the device through the small holes on the bottom plate 9, and the photovoltaic cell 6 is cooled while being heated by the photovoltaic cell 6, so that the photovoltaic cell can be increased. 6 efficiency and the life-span, then discharge from the vent pipe 7 air outlets, and utilize heat.

To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. photovoltaic, photo-thermal and daylighting total energy approach device, it is characterized in that, device comprises transparent optically focused rib cover plate (3), anti-reflection film (1), photovoltaic cell (6), side plate (10), base plate (9), ventilation duct (7) and blower fan, wherein, one side surface of transparent optically focused rib cover plate (3) is plane, entity optically focused rib (2) for being parallel to each other uniform on opposite side surface, the two sides of entity optically focused rib (2) are symmetrical parabola, photovoltaic cell (6) is posted in entity optically focused rib 2 bottoms, anti-reflection film (1) is positioned between photovoltaic cell (6) and entity optically focused rib (2) bottom surface, base plate (9) and side plate (10) are all transparent, and base plate is processed with uniform aperture on (9),

Its integrated connection closes, the side of transparent optically focused rib cover plate (3) and side plate (10) are connected to form the space of surrounding of a closed loop, the one side of transparent optically focused rib cover plate (3) upper band entity optically focused rib (2) is positioned at this and surrounds space, this surrounds space and is sealed by base plate (9), the upper ventilation duct (7) that connects of side plate (10) communicates with surrounding space, and ventilation duct is connected to air exhauster on (7).

2. photovoltaic as claimed in claim 1, photo-thermal and daylighting total energy approach device, is characterized in that, described entity optically focused rib (2) adopts trapezoidal shape, and its cross section is inverted trapezoidal.

3. photovoltaic as claimed in claim 1, photo-thermal and daylighting total energy approach device, is characterized in that, described entity parabolic concentrator rib (2) adopts hollow structure, and its surfaces externally and internally is parabola.

4. photovoltaic as claimed in claim 3, photo-thermal and daylighting total energy approach device, is characterized in that, adds a cover layer of transparent cover plate (19) on transparent optically focused rib cover plate (3).