CN103947895B - A kind of special substitute breast milk of weaning period kidlet and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the special substitute breast milk of a kind of weaning period kidlet and application thereof, its component comprises: corn flour, expanded soybean, flour, fatty powder, sucrose, glucose, SDPP, rice protein powder, whey powder, salt, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 1% compound premix, complex enzyme, antioxidant, yeast, choline, lysine, methionine, threonine, make swelling granular after above component mixing, then in modified process, spraying adds soya-bean oil and the lard that liquefies after heating.Raising experiment shows; kidlet substitute breast milk product provided by the invention has expanded, loose, high fat, high energy, amino acid equilibrium, absorption easy to digest, granular characteristic and performance; various nutrition is similar to goat breast milk; for realizing kidlet early weaning, improving Goat Reproduction performance further and providing strong support.

Description

A special milk replacer for weaning goats and lambs and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to a special milk replacer for Yunnan goats and lambs at the weaning period and an application thereof.

Background technique

Yunnan is a large sheep-raising province in my country, and goats are the mainstay. According to the data of "China Animal Husbandry Statistics" in 2012, goats accounted for 89.34% of the total number of sheep. For a long time, due to the lack of early weaning feed (milk replacer) and related technologies for early weaning of lambs, the weaning age of Yunnan goat lambs is relatively late, generally at the age of 3 to 4 months, the lambs grow slowly, and the body condition of ewes recovers Poor, estrus lags behind, generally only one child is produced a year, thus making the goat breeding productivity level in Yunnan (95% slaughter rate) lower than the national average level (99% slaughter rate), so the development of Yunnan goat lamb milk replacer It is a necessary and urgent task.

The domestically published formula and preparation method of special milk replacer for meat and sheep (patent application number: 201310180733.3) discloses the use of whey powder, puffed corn flour, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, fat powder, and whole milk powder as the main ingredients The invention discloses a method for preparing milk replacer specially used for meat and sheep. However, goats and sheep are animals of the same family and different genus. Goats are more difficult to domesticate and house-raised, and they are more picky about food, and the milk fat and milk protein contained in sheep milk are higher than those of goat milk. Therefore, the milk substitute of sheep for meat The feed cannot be applied directly to goat lambs. At the same time, the goat breeding in Yunnan is mainly based on farmers, who are very sensitive to the price of feed. The sheep milk replacer for meat is added with a large amount of whole milk powder, and the cost will inevitably be high. If the price of the milk replacer is high, it will be difficult It is difficult for farmers to accept the advanced feeding method of using milk replacer to wean lambs early, which directly restricts the productivity of Yunnan goats.

In addition, the milk substitutes of other livestock species in China are often powdered, and young goats like to kick, step, and pick food. Feeding goats with powder will inevitably waste a lot of feed. Granulation can effectively solve this problem, and it is easy to store and transport, but if you want to granulate, the current ordinary granulator can only accept the addition of fat within 4%, while goat breast milk has a high fat content and is mostly short-chain unsaturated Fatty acid, in order to make the nutritional level of lamb milk replacer closer to goat breast milk, more than 16% fat must be added to the formula composition of goat lamb milk replacer, so it is necessary to increase the step of adding fat in the preparation process; finally, there is no Goat and lamb feeding standards, and in terms of the overall nutritional level, there is even a lack of formula nutritional indicators and practical applications of essential amino acids.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a special milk replacer for goats and lambs during the weaning period, aiming to provide a milk replacer for goats' breast milk, so that the goats and lambs can achieve early weaning and grow healthily.

The special milk replacer for weaning goats and lambs proposed by the present invention, its preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) After the corn is ultrafinely pulverized, pass through a 100-mesh sieve to make corn flour for subsequent use;

(2) Evenly mix the following raw materials in parts by weight into semi-finished milk replacer: corn flour 34, puffed soybean 15, flour 10, fat powder 10, sucrose 1.5, glucose 2, plasma protein powder 2, rice protein powder 6.5, whey Powder 10, salt 0.3, stone powder 1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8, 1% compound premix 1, compound enzyme 0.3, antioxidant 0.01, yeast 0.3, choline 0.1, lysine 0.28, methionine 0.1, threonine 0.08;

(3) Make the mixed milk substitute semi-finished product into puffed granules through a steam puffing machine, and the granule size is 2.0-2.5mm;

(4) The cooled puffed granules are sent into the conditioner, the temperature of the mold material is 60 degrees, the length of the conditioner is 280 mm, and the conditioning time is 16 seconds;

(5) During the tempering process, the following liquid oils and fats are added to the puffed particles through liquid spraying equipment: soybean oil 2, liquefied lard after heating 4;

(6) Pass the expanded granules added with oil through an 8-mesh sieve, weigh and pack.

As mentioned above, the special milk replacer for goats and lambs in the weaning period is used in goat breeding. The recommended usage is to feed the newborn lambs at the age of 7 days. After the young lambs are successfully lured, the feeding amount is increased every day, and the time spent with the ewes is gradually reduced. After the age of 40 days, the lambs eat milk replacer all the time. Completely separate from the ewes and complete the weaning process; after complete weaning, the lambs continue to eat milk replacer freely throughout the day for 20 to 30 days, and gradually switch to lamb feed (later feed), while drinking clean water freely.

The milk replacer formula for weaning goats and lambs proposed by the present invention has the measured nutritional levels as follows: 10.5-13.5 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy; 19.30-23.30% of crude protein; 16.5-18.0% of crude fat; 2.4-3.5% of crude fiber Calcium 0.6-1.0%; Total Phosphorus 0.40-0.55%; Salt 0.55-0.8%; Lysine 1.30-1.62%; Among them, corn flour and flour mainly provide carbohydrates; puffed soybeans, plasma protein powder, rice protein powder, and whey powder mainly provide protein from various sources; sucrose and glucose provide sweetness and energy, and young animal feed must be added Sweeteners, usually sweeteners are often added to sheep and lamb feeds, that is, only for sweetness but not energy. Goat lambs are much more active than sheep lambs, and have higher energy requirements. Sucrose and glucose are important for young goat lambs. In other words, it is a kind of energy that can be used quickly, which is more important for weak lambs and low milk. It not only replenishes "quick-acting energy" but also increases the sweetness that young lambs like; fat powder, soybean oil, and lard provide Fat, soybean oil and lard are all added after puffing and granulation, which can ensure the high-fat characteristics of the milk replacer, and the lard is added after heating and liquefying, sprayed on the surface of the granules and then cooled immediately, and solidified on the granules after cooling It also has the unique aroma of lard, which can induce lambs to eat more; lysine, methionine, and threonine mainly provide the essential amino acids for lamb growth. For goat lambs, the most important requirements for food that promotes body growth and development are diversified protein sources, sufficient energy, sweet taste, and sufficient essential amino acids.

The milk replacer formula for weaning goats and lambs proposed by the present invention satisfies these conditions, and does not use whole milk powder. The majority of farmers can also afford it. Among them, in order to enhance the palatability of the milk replacer, it is particularly required that the corn be ultrafinely pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and the flour requires the use of national standard secondary powder or above.

Through feeding experiments, it was found that using the weaning goat lamb milk replacer provided by the present invention, the milk goat lamb was weaned at the age of 60 days, and when it was continued to be fed to the age of 80 days, the average body weight reached 17.5kg, and the average daily gain after weaning was 186.8g; Black goat lambs were weaned at the age of 60 days and continued to be fed until they were 80 days old, with an average body weight of 13.9kg and an average daily gain of 126.64g after weaning; the control group was a mixture of black goat lambs and dairy goat lambs. After weaning at the age of 80 days, the average body weight was 12.6kg, and the average daily gain after weaning was 40g. The results showed that although the control group was weaned late, the weaning stress response was greater and the lambs had severe diarrhea, which resulted in the final average body weight and daily gain lagging behind the experimental group, while the experimental group using milk replacer was 10 days earlier than the control group Weaning, but the weaning stress response is small, the average body weight and daily weight gain indicators are better, and the effect of dairy goat lambs is better than that of black goat lambs. The average daily feed intake of lambs after weaning is 203-231 grams, and the daily intake of nutrients for each lamb is: 2714-3088 kilojoules of metabolizable energy, 46-53 grams of crude protein, 1.8-2.1 grams of calcium, and 0.9- 1.1 grams, 1.1-1.3 grams of salt, 3.8-4.3 grams of lysine, 1.5-1.7 grams of methionine + cystine, 1.6-1.8 grams of threonine, 5.4-6.2 grams of crude fiber. Each lamb consumes 5 kg of milk replacer in the whole process from food induction to completion of weaning transition. From the price point of view, the value of 5 kg of milk replacer is equivalent to the value of 1 kg of milk replacer commonly used in sheep farms. households can afford it. The use of milk substitutes to overcome early weaning stress and promote early weaning of lambs is expected to break through the current situation of one goat per year in Yunnan, realize the reproductive efficiency of three or even two per year, and improve the benefits of goat farmers.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The cost of unused milk powder is low: the milk replacer for goats and lambs at the weaning period provided by the present invention uses common feed components and does not use whole milk powder, which reduces production costs. The value of 5 kg of milk replacer It is equivalent to the value of 1 kg of milk replacer commonly used in sheep farms, and 5 kg of milk replacer can make a lamb complete the transition from food induction to complete weaning. Ordinary sheep farmers can fully afford it and meet the needs of the majority of sheep. The needs of sheep farmers in rural and mountainous areas of Yunnan.

2. The feed form of puffed pellets and then sprayed with oil improves palatability and reduces waste: the milk replacer for goats and lambs at the weaning period provided by the present invention uses the preparation process of spraying liquid fat after puffing, and especially adopts liquefied lard, so that The product can not only realize the form of puffed pellets, but also ensure that the fat content exceeds 16%, and the palatability is good, which can meet the nutritional needs of goat lambs.

3. Added exogenous essential amino acids: lysine, methionine, and threonine are amino acids necessary for the growth and development of newborn lambs. According to the characteristics of the proportion of amino acids in goat breast milk, the present invention designs a certain level of amino acids added to the milk replacer. Exogenous amino acids make the nutritional composition of the milk replacer closer to goat breast milk, so as to promote lamb health and reduce weaning stress.

The weaning goat and lamb milk replacer product provided by the present invention simultaneously breaks through the bottleneck of granulation, high-fat addition, and essential amino acid addition mode, so that the lamb milk replacer product has puffed, loose, high-fat, high-energy, balanced amino acid, and is easy to digest The characteristics and performance of absorption and granulation, and various nutritional components are similar to goat breast milk, which provides strong support for the realization of early weaning of goat lambs and further improvement of goat reproductive performance.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through specific examples, but the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1:

(1) After the corn is ultrafinely pulverized, pass through a 100-mesh sieve to make corn flour for subsequent use;

(2) Evenly mix the following raw materials in parts by weight into semi-finished milk replacer: corn flour 34, puffed soybean 15, flour 10, fat powder 10, sucrose 1.5, glucose 2, plasma protein powder 2, rice protein powder 6.5, whey Powder 10, salt 0.3, stone powder 1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8, 1% compound premix 1, compound enzyme 0.3, antioxidant 0.01, yeast 0.3, choline 0.1, lysine 0.28, methionine 0.1, threonine 0.08;

(3) Make the mixed milk substitute semi-finished product into puffed granules through a steam puffing machine, and the granule size is 2.0-2.5mm;

(4) The cooled puffed granules are sent into the conditioner, the temperature of the mold material is 60 degrees, the length of the conditioner is 280 mm, and the conditioning time is 16 seconds;

(5) During the tempering process, the following liquid oils and fats are added to the puffed particles through liquid spraying equipment: soybean oil 2, liquefied lard after heating 4;

(6) Pass the expanded granules added with oil through an 8-mesh sieve, weigh and pack.

In the sheep farm of Tuanjie Township, Kunming, 30 Yunnan black goat lambs of 7 days old were selected, half male and half female, and fed with goat lamb milk replacer according to the present invention. And gradually reduce the time the ewes spend together. After the age of 40 days, the lambs eat milk replacer all the way, completely isolated from the ewes, and complete the weaning process; at the age of 60 days, they are completely weaned, and the lambs continue to eat milk replacer freely throughout the day for 20 days. Day to 80 days old, and then gradually switch to lamb feed (later feed), while drinking clean water freely. When weaned at the age of 60 days, the average body weight of the lambs was 11.38kg, and the average body weight at the age of 80 days was 13.91kg, and the average daily gain after weaning was 126.64g.

Example 2:

(1) After the corn is ultrafinely pulverized, pass through a 100-mesh sieve to make corn flour for subsequent use;

(2) Evenly mix the following raw materials in parts by weight into semi-finished milk replacer: corn flour 34, puffed soybean 15, flour 10, fat powder 10, sucrose 1.5, glucose 2, plasma protein powder 2, rice protein powder 6.5, whey Powder 10, salt 0.3, stone powder 1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8, 1% compound premix 1, compound enzyme 0.3, antioxidant 0.01, yeast 0.3, choline 0.1, lysine 0.28, methionine 0.1, threonine 0.08;

(3) Make the mixed milk substitute semi-finished product into puffed granules through a steam puffing machine, and the granule size is 2.0-2.5mm;

(4) The cooled puffed granules are sent into the conditioner, the temperature of the mold material is 60 degrees, the length of the conditioner is 280 mm, and the conditioning time is 16 seconds;

(5) During the tempering process, the following liquid oils and fats are added to the puffed particles through liquid spraying equipment: soybean oil 2, liquefied lard after heating 4;

(6) Pass the expanded granules added with oil through an 8-mesh sieve, weigh and pack.

In the sheep farm of Tuanjie Township, Kunming, 30 Yunnan milk goat lambs of 7 days old were selected, half male and half female, and fed with goat lamb milk replacer according to the present invention. And gradually reduce the time the ewes spend together. After the age of 40 days, the lambs eat milk replacer all the way, completely isolated from the ewes, and complete the weaning process; at the age of 60 days, they are completely weaned, and the lambs continue to eat milk replacer freely throughout the day for 20 days. Day to 80 days old, and then gradually switch to lamb feed (later feed), while drinking clean water freely. When weaned at the age of 60 days, the average body weight of the lambs was 13.76kg, and the average body weight at the age of 80 days was 17.50kg, and the average daily gain after weaning was 186.8g.

The weaning goat lamb milk replacer provided by the present invention and its application have been introduced in detail above. This paper describes the principles and implementation modes of the present invention through specific implementation methods, and the above description is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the special substitute breast milk of weaning period kidlet, its preparation method comprises the steps:

(1) by corn after ultramicro grinding, cross 100 mesh sieves, make corn flour for subsequent use;

(2) be substitute breast milk semi-finished product by the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion: corn flour 34, expanded soybean 15, flour 10, fatty powder 10, sucrose 1.5, glucose 2, SDPP 2, rice protein powder 6.5, whey powder 10, salt 0.3, stone flour 1, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.8,1% compound premix 1, complex enzyme 0.3, antioxidant 0.01, yeast 0.3, choline 0.1, lysine 0.28, methionine 0.1, threonine 0.08;

(3) by steam bulking machine, the substitute breast milk semi-finished product mixed are made swelling granular, granular size is 2.0-2.5mm;

(4) cooled swelling granular is sent into quality-adjusting device, depanning material temperature is 60 degree, and quality-adjusting device length is 280mm, and conditioning period is 16 seconds;

(5) in modified process, the liquid fat of following weight portion is added on swelling granular by liquid spraying equipment: liquefaction lard 4 after soya-bean oil 2, heating;

(6) swelling granular that with the addition of grease is crossed 8 mesh sieves, packing of weighing.

2. the application of the special substitute breast milk of weaning period kidlet described in claim 1 in goat cultivation.