CN104222639A - Large scale farming feed for piglets and feeding method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A feed for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets and a feeding method thereof, which are divided into three stages of feed for the lactation stage, creep feed, and feed for the later stage of nursery. The feed for the lactation stage includes: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybeans, milk Clear flour, imported fish meal, phospholipid powder, whole milk powder, glucose, sucrose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, zinc oxide, threonine, methionine, choline chloride, acidifier, 1% suckling pig core material; nursery Preliminary feed includes: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean, whey powder, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, threonine, methionine, choline chloride, acidifier, compound enzyme, phytase , sweetener, montmorillonite, salt, 1% suckling pig premix; late-care feed includes: corn, soybean meal, puffed soybean, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, choline chloride , acidifier, complex enzyme, phytase, flavoring agent, salt, 1% suckling pig premix.

Description

Feed for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets and feeding method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of suckling pig breeding, and in particular relates to a feed for large-scale breeding of suckling pigs and a feeding method thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of large-scale, intensified and industrialized pig farming in my country, in order to increase the reproductive rate of sows and improve the economic benefits of pig farming, many pig farms have adopted the early weaning technology of suckling pigs, that is, 21-28 days after the birth of piglets. However, due to the special digestive physiological characteristics of piglets, early weaning often causes diarrhea and other secondary diseases in piglets. The survival rate is low, which seriously affects the growth and development of piglets, and has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the pig industry.

Diarrhea in suckling piglets is a common problem in current pig farms, and it is also one of the most important factors causing the death of suckling piglets. Once a suckling piglet has diarrhea, the mild ones will lose weight and not grow long, and the severe ones will die due to dehydration and exhaustion. Even if they are cured, they will often grow Slow, and even become a dead pig. According to relevant statistics, more than 20% of the main reasons for the low survival rate of suckling piglets are caused by diarrhea. According to statistical analysis, the causes of diarrhea in suckling piglets mainly include the following aspects:

1. In order to quickly improve economic benefits and increase the reproductive rate of sows, some pig farms blindly pursue the early weaning age. , the piglets did not eat the feed at all, and they were weaned at the time (21-28 days old); especially when the sows were lactating well, the piglets generally would not eat feed after eating enough breast milk, and there was no food inducement. Piglets with trough feed are prone to diarrhea after weaning because the gastrointestinal digestive enzyme system has not established the function of digesting feed;

2. Although some pig farms use early feeding at the age of 7 days, it is only a formality and has no actual effect. Generally, the feeding trough is placed outside the incubator (because the piglets are afraid that they will not go out to eat), or they do not control the feeding time of the piglets ( The sow has good milk, and the piglets that have had enough breast milk do not eat the feed), or pour the feed into the feeding trough, and the suckling pigs do not know whether to eat or not, some eat and some do not eat, in fact, early induction However, after weaning, the sows are separated. Since there is no breast milk for a long time, the suckling pigs that did not eat the creep feed before weaning often cause excessive hunger and overeating feed, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction. adaptation, leading to indigestion and diarrhea;

3. After weaning, due to the lack of food troughs, the piglets compete with each other for food. The strong eat more, and the weak eat less.

4. The function of regulating body temperature of newborn piglets is not perfect, and their resistance to cold is poor. If good heat preservation measures are not taken after weaning, it will lead to environmental stress, and piglets are prone to cold and diarrhea;

5. Piglets have fast growth and development, strong metabolic function, and strong ability to utilize nutrients, but their demand for nutrients is high in both quantity and quality, and they are particularly sensitive to nutrient-deficient feed. Because there is only rennet and pepsin in the stomach of piglets at birth, because the fundic glands are underdeveloped and lack free hydrochloric acid, pepsin has no activity and cannot digest protein, especially vegetable protein. At this time, only the intestinal glands and pancreas are relatively fully developed, and the activities of trypsin, intestinal amylase and lactase are relatively high, and food is mainly digested in the small intestine. Therefore, newborn piglets can only eat milk and cannot use plant feed. In terms of gastric juice secretion, since the connection between piglet stomach and nervous system has not been fully established, there is a lack of conditioned gastric juice secretion. Only when food enters the stomach and directly stimulates the stomach wall, a small amount of gastric juice is secreted. With the growth of piglets' age and the stimulation of food to the stomach wall, the secretion of hydrochloric acid continues to increase. It is not until 35 to 40 days old that pepsin shows the ability to digest, and piglets can use a variety of feeds until 2.5 to 3 months old. The concentration is close to the level of adult pigs. Therefore, after the piglets are weaned, in a short period of time, the piglets have not fully adapted to the creep feed, so the nursery feed is replaced. There is no transition period when the feed is changed. In addition, the selected feed is not suitable for the digestion and absorption function and nutritional needs of the piglets. , it is easy to cause feeding stress in piglets, or poor quality feed, poor palatability or too much food attractant, piglets do not eat or overeat; or insufficient or excess protein in feed, lack of amino acids, too much antibiotics, there are effects Growth factors, etc., are likely to cause damage and atrophy of the small intestinal villi of piglets, destroy the digestive enzyme system, and cause indigestion and diarrhea.

In addition, in the past, one-time ripening and granulation was adopted in the production and processing of suckling piglet feed. Due to the high temperature granulation of such products, many nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, trace elements and biological agents are easily destroyed, resulting in feed products. Insufficient nutritional value also seriously affects the growth and development of piglets.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets and a feeding method thereof. According to the physiological characteristics of suckling piglets before and after weaning, the suckling piglets can be fed early through programmed rational feeding. , Early weaning, no diarrhea, no fat loss, fast growth, reaching 32.5 kg or more at the age of 70 days.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

A feed for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets, which has comprehensive nutritional components and is processed and formulated according to the physiological characteristics of suckling piglets and the nutritional needs of different growth stages. Materials used in three stages:

Among them, the creep feed for breast-feeding stage includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, puffed soybean, whey powder, imported fish meal, phospholipid powder, whole milk powder, glucose, sucrose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, zinc oxide, threonine Acid, methionine, choline chloride, acidulant, 1% suckling pig core material;

Pre-care feed includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean, whey powder, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, threonine, methionine, choline chloride, acidifier, compound enzyme , phytase, sweetener, montmorillonite, salt, 1% suckling pig premix;

The late-care feed includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, choline chloride, acidifier, compound enzyme, phytase, flavoring agent, salt, 1% suckling pig premix.

Further, in the lactation stage creep feed of the feed suitable for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets, the corn includes partly puffed corn, and the soybean meal includes partially fermented soybean meal; in the pre-care feed, the soybean meal includes partly fermented soybean meal .

Further, a feed suitable for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets has comprehensive nutritional components and is formulated according to the physiological characteristics of suckling piglets and the nutritional needs of different growth stages. The feed is divided into three stages, namely the lactation stage Creeping trough material, pre-conservation material and post-conservation material;

Among them, the creep feed for breast-feeding stage is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 46% of corn (including 16% of puffed corn), 14% of soybean meal (including 5% of fermented soybean meal), 5% of puffed soybean, and 15% of whey powder , Imported fish meal 4%, phospholipid powder 4%, whole milk powder 2.5%, glucose 2.5%, sucrose 2.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, lysine 0.6%, zinc oxide 0.3%, threonine 0.3%, methionine 0.2 %, choline chloride 0.1%, acidifier 0.5%, 1% suckling pig core material 1%.

The pre-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 54% corn, 20% soybean meal (including 10% fermented soybean meal), 10% puffed soybean, 5% whey powder, 1.5% soybean oil, and 2.14% calcium hydrogen phosphate , stone powder 1.18%, sucrose 3%, lysine 0.36%, threonine 0.07%, methionine 0.18%, choline chloride 0.12%, acidulant 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.012%, sweetness Agent 0.04%, montmorillonite 0.3%, salt 0.29%, 1% suckling pig premix 1%.

The post-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 68% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% puffed soybean, 0.5% soybean oil, 1.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 2% sucrose, 0.25% lysine %, choline chloride 0.1%, acidifier 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.02%, flavoring agent 0.04%, salt 0.4%, 1% suckling pig premix 0.6%.

A feeding method for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets, using the above-mentioned feed according to the different needs of each growth stage of suckling piglets, and feeding them in three stages, in which the suckling piglets are fed with creep feed in the lactation stage from 7 days old to 35 days old ; From 35 days to 50 days, fed with pre-conservation feed; from 51 days to 70 days, fed with post-conservation feed.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the feed of the present invention uses high-quality puffed corn (all of which are dried in Northeast China and has no moldy quality), high-grade puffed soybean meal and fermented soybean meal, imported fish meal, and high-quality oil And various essential amino acids, organic vitamins, minerals and trace elements, core materials and other raw materials, so that the energy, crude protein and amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, mineral elements in the feed can achieve the best balance, not only can meet the various needs of suckling piglets Various nutritional needs make the intake of nutritional factors such as energy, vitamins, trace elements and mineral elements more balanced and sufficient for suckling piglets during the growth process, reduce the cost of formula, and maximize the value of formula. In particular, adding high-quality whey protein with high digestibility, good amino acid profile, and no anti-nutritional factors to the creep feed of suckling pigs can not only improve the body resistance of suckling pigs, but also promote their growth and development. At the same time, high-quality whey powder contains albumin and globulin (serum protein), which have a positive impact on the intestinal tract of suckling pigs, especially immunoglobulin, which has a protective effect on the intestinal tract, can resist E. coli, and reduce diarrhea. In addition, whey powder also contains a kind of lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin, which also have the functions of sterilization and bacteriostasis.

For piglets after weaning, firstly, the digestive function of piglets after weaning is not perfect, and their ability to digest feed is weak, and they are prone to food stress and diarrhea; Complete, so in addition to adding high-quality, easily digestible vegetable protein puffed soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, imported fish meal and various essential amino acids, as well as organic minerals and trace elements are added to the feed. Especially for the physiological characteristics and nutritional needs of piglets, selectively adding compound enzyme biological additives and microecological preparations can effectively decompose the anti-nutritional factors in the feed and release nutrients so that they can be fully digested and absorbed. Reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, and can also increase weight gain and feed remuneration, thereby improving the production performance of piglets.

In addition, the production of the suckling pig feed of the present invention all uses secondary processing technology. The bulk raw materials such as corn and soybean meal are first mixed together and matured and granulated at high temperature, and the minor raw materials such as amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, various enzyme preparations, and core materials Use low temperature mixing and granulation, then mix the two kinds together and pulverize them, and then granulate again at low temperature, so as to ensure that various nutrients will not be damaged and lost by high temperature.

Detailed ways

The feed used for the large-scale breeding of suckling piglets of the present invention is divided into three types, namely creep feed for suckling pigs, feed for nursery pigs in the early stage and feed for nursery pigs in the later stage. The feeding method is divided into three stages. The first stage is from 7 days after birth to 35 days of age (generally weaning at 21-28 days). Each piglet is fed with 10 kg of creep feed. The creep feed is composed of the following components in weight percentage: corn (including 16% of puffed corn) 46%, soybean meal (including 5% of fermented soybean meal) 14%, puffed soybean 5%, whey powder 15%, imported fish meal 4% %, phospholipid powder 4%, whole milk powder 2.5%, glucose 2.5%, sucrose 2.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, lysine 0.6%, zinc oxide 0.3%, threonine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, chloride Choline 0.1%, acidifier 0.5%, 1% suckling pig core material 1%.

The second stage is from the age of 36 days to the age of 50 days. Each piglet eats 20 jin of pre-care feed. The pre-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 54% corn, soybean meal (containing 10% fermented soybean meal) 20%, puffed soybean 10%, whey powder 5%, soybean oil 1.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2.14%, stone powder 1.18%, sucrose 3%, lysine 0.36%, threonine 0.07%, methionine 0.18%, chlorine Choline 0.12%, acidifier 0.3%, complex enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.012%, sweetener 0.04%, montmorillonite 0.3%, salt 0.29%, 1% suckling pig premix 1%. ;

The third stage is from 51 days to 70 days, and each piglet eats 40 catties of post-care feed. The post-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 68% corn, 15% soybean meal, and 10% extruded soybean , soybean oil 0.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.8%, stone powder 1%, sucrose 2%, lysine 0.25%, choline chloride 0.1%, acidulant 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.02%, fragrance Agent 0.04%, salt 0.4%, 1% suckling pig premix 0.6%.

In order to facilitate the use and promotion of farmers, the invention also provides a set of healthy "555" set feeding mode, that is, one sow produces a litter of piglets based on 10 piglets, and the suckling pigs are attracted to feed and teach from the age of 7 days. Feed to 35 days old, 10 suckling pigs eat 5 packs of creep feed (10 kg per pack); from 36 days to 50 days old, 10 piglets eat 5 packs of nursery feed (20 kg per pack); From the age of 51 days to the age of 70 days, 10 piglets were fed with 5 packs of nursery feed (40 kg per pack) for a total of 70 days. Including late-care feed, a total of 350 kg of feed, the total weight of 10 piglets can reach 325 kg, with an average of 32.5 kg per piglet. It is worth noting that before each feed change, the latter feed should be mixed and overfed 3-5 days in advance.

In order to verify the production effect and actual feeding effect of this patented product, according to the feeding methods usually adopted by farmers, comparative experiments were carried out through four feeding methods.

1. Feeding method

Method 1: Attract piglets from the 7th day of birth to the 32th day of age, feed the creep feed, feed the nursery feed from the 33rd to the 50th day, and feed the post-nursery feed from the 51st to 70th day.

Method 2: Attract piglets from 7 days old to 35 days old, feed them with creep feed, feed them with pre-nursery feeds from 36 days to 50 days, and feed them with post-nursery feeds from 51 days to 70 days.

Method 3: The suckling pigs were induced to eat from the 7th day of birth to the 40th day of age, fed with creep feed, fed with pre-nursery feed from 41 to 55 days of age, and fed with post-nursery feed from 56 to 70 days of age.

Method 4: Attract food from weaning at 28 days to 35 days of age, feed the creep feed, feed the pre-nursery feed from 36 days to 50 days, and feed the post-nursery feed from 51 days to 70 days.

Method 5: Attract food from weaning at the age of 28 to 40 days old, feed the creep feed, feed the pre-nursery feed from 41 days to 55 days, and feed the post-nursery feed from 56 days to 70 days.

2. Experimental design

Select 15 good-mixed binary sows (Changtai variety) and 150 suckling piglets (Du Changtai variety) with similar body weight, parity, farrowing date, and litter size, and divide them into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group. 10 suckling piglets were repeated and fed to 70 days old according to different methods.

3. Determination of indicators

3.1 The weight of newborn heavy suckling pigs at birth.

3.2 Quantity of creep material.

3.3 The amount of pre-conservation materials.

3.4 Quantity of post-care materials.

3.5 The total amount of feed used is the amount of feed used by each suckling piglet from the beginning of food induction to the end of the use of late-care feed at the age of 70 days.

3.6 Diarrhea rate The proportion of suckling piglets with diarrhea.

3.7 Body weight The body weight at 70 days of age.

3.8 Weight gain: the weight gain of each piglet at the age of 70 days.

3.9 Cost The cost of feed used for unit weight gain at the end of the nursery period of each piglet (70 days old).

Table 1 Effect of different feeding methods on piglet weight gain and cost comparison Unit: kg

It can be seen from Table 1 that there are differences in the feed consumed and the weight gain effect of different feeding methods.

Judging from the growth rate and body weight of suckling piglets, at the end of the nursery period, there was no significant difference between groups 1, 3, 4, and 5, with an average weight of 31.65 kg per head, while group 2 weighed 32.5 kg, a difference of 0.85 from other groups. kg; From the perspective of the total amount of feed consumed, there is a certain gap. From the beginning of attracting the creep feed to the end of the nursery period, the feed consumption of method 2 and method 3 groups of suckling piglets is the least, which are 35 kg and 34.75 kg respectively. kg, this is because method 2 and method 3 groups did not have diarrhea, and the pigs grew normally, so they consumed the least amount of feed. However, methods 1, 4, and 5 all had diarrhea in varying degrees, and the diarrhea rates were 26.7% and 43.3% respectively. % and 23.3%, due to diarrhea in suckling piglets, it not only caused some feed waste, but also affected its growth rate, so the weight gain of method 1, 4 and 5 groups was not as good as that of method 2 and 3 groups; from the perspective of feed cost, there were also According to the differences, the method group 2 was the lowest, and the unit weight gain cost was 7.35 yuan, while the average of the other groups was 7.92 yuan. For every 1 kg increase, the average material consumption was reduced by 0.64 kg, and the unit weight gain cost was reduced by 0.57 yuan, with a large difference; method Although the total amount used in group 3 is small, the amount of creep material used is more, the effect of weight gain is not obvious, and the cost is higher.

Analyzing the experimental data of the above groups, it was found that method 1 group replaced the pre-nursery feed due to the short feeding time of creep feed after weaning, but the suckling pigs were generally loose due to inadaptability; method 4 and 5 groups started to feed the creep feed after weaning , because the gastrointestinal digestive function of suckling pigs after weaning is not suitable, resulting in emergency feeding and loose stools; method 3 group although the total amount of adapted feed is small, but the effect of weight gain is not as good as method 2, and the cost is also high. The present invention adopts method 2 groups of feeding patterns in combination with the above problems, and the whole feeding process is divided into three stages, that is, feeding 5 kilograms of creep feed from the age of 7 days to 35 days when the suckling pigs were born, and feeding 5 kg of creep feed from the age of 36 days to 50 days. Feeding 10 kg of pre-nursery feed, 20 kg of post-nursery feed from 51 days to 70 days of age, and a body weight of up to 32.5 kg. Overcoming the above drawbacks, it is an ideal product and method for high-efficiency and large-scale breeding of suckling piglets today.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements that do not come to mind through creative work shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A feed for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets, characterized in that the feed is divided into three stages of feed for lactation stage, creep feed, pre-care feed and post-care feed, wherein: The creep feed for lactation stage includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, puffed soybean, whey powder, imported fish meal, phospholipid powder, whole milk powder, glucose, sucrose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, zinc oxide, threonine, Methionine, choline chloride, acidifier, 1% suckling pig core material; Pre-care feed includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean, whey powder, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, threonine, methionine, choline chloride, acidifier, compound enzyme , phytase, sweetener, montmorillonite, salt, 1% suckling pig premix; The late-care feed includes the following components: corn, soybean meal, expanded soybean, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sucrose, lysine, choline chloride, acidifier, compound enzyme, phytase, flavoring agent, salt, 1% suckling pig premix. 2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the lactation stage creep feed of the feed suitable for large-scale breeding of suckling piglets, part of the puffed corn is included in the corn, and part of the fermented soybean meal is included in the soybean meal; In the pre-conservation feed, partially fermented soybean meal is included in the soybean meal. 3. feed according to claim 2, is characterized in that, this feed is divided into three stages, i.e. nursery stage creep feed, nursery early stage feed and nursery later stage feed; Among them, the nursery stage creep feed is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 46% corn containing 16% puffed corn, 14% soybean meal containing 5% fermented soybean meal, 5% puffed soybean, 15% whey powder, imported Fish meal 4%, phospholipid powder 4%, whole milk powder 2.5%, glucose 2.5%, sucrose 2.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, lysine 0.6%, zinc oxide 0.3%, threonine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, Choline chloride 0.1%, acidifier 0.5%, 1% suckling pig core material 1%; The pre-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 54% corn, 20% soybean meal containing 10% fermented soybean meal, 10% puffed soybean, 5% whey powder, 1.5% soybean oil, 2.14% calcium hydrogen phosphate, Stone powder 1.18%, sucrose 3%, lysine 0.36%, threonine 0.07%, methionine 0.18%, choline chloride 0.12%, acidulant 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.012%, sweetener 0.04%, montmorillonite 0.3%, salt 0.29%, 1% suckling pig premix 1%; The post-care feed consists of the following components in weight percentage: 68% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% puffed soybean, 0.5% soybean oil, 1.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 2% sucrose, 0.25% lysine %, choline chloride 0.1%, acidifier 0.3%, compound enzyme 0.02%, phytase 0.02%, flavoring agent 0.04%, salt 0.4%, 1% suckling pig premix 0.6%. 4. A large-scale breeding and feeding method for suckling piglets, using any one of the feeds in the above claims 1-3 according to the different needs of each growth stage of suckling piglets, is divided into three stages of feeding, wherein from the age of 7 days to 35 days after birth From the age of 35 days to 50 days, they were fed with pre-nursery feed; from 51 days to 70 days, they were fed with post-nursery feed.