CN103913311B - Device for testing starting characteristic of engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for testing the starting characteristic of an engine. The device comprises a base, a fly wheel fixed to the base and a first loading device loading the constant torque to the fly wheel and further comprises a second loading device loading the waveform torque to the fly wheel. The constant torque exerted through the first loading device is combined with the waveform torque exerted through the second loading device and the constant torque and the waveform torque are commonly exerted on the fly wheel, so that the force receiving condition of the fly wheel is quite similar to the real condition, and therefore the starting characteristic of the engine can be reasonably simulated.

Description

A kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of engines, particularly to a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic.

Background technology

Generally and starter cooperating, the flywheel of electromotor is engaged electromotor with the gear of starter, and by starter Gear driven flywheel rotation, to realize the starting of electromotor.

The Case of fly-wheel of electromotor has gear ring, and the gear of starter is by engaging with this gear ring, and then turning starter Square passes to flywheel and the bent axle of electromotor, and the final piston driving electromotor moves in cylinder.

For examining the starting characteristic of electromotor, such as the engagement situation of the force-bearing situation, gear ring and starter gear of starter, And the durability of gear ring etc., existing typical test method has following two:

The first is to be tested in actual working environment, and starter that will be tested and gear ring are arranged on entity and start On machine, whole machine is tested while starting, and this method is easy and simple to handle, the test data reliability that obtains is high, but will disappear Consumption great amount of fuel oil, leads to cost consumption larger, and easily damages electromotor.

Second is to utilize starting engine endurance test unit, will starter, the flywheel of electromotor and gear ring etc. be arranged on On assay device, gear ring is usually installed with the part that friction plate etc. can apply resistance to starter.Starter and gear ring After engagement, drive gear ring and flywheel rotation, in rotary course, the friction plate on gear ring applies constant resistance for starter, uses In the frictional resistance to starter for the simulated engine.

Refer to Fig. 1, the resistance that the resistance that Fig. 1 applies to starter is subject to actual starter for second test method Sketch.

Although second test method reduces experimentation cost, it has several disadvantages in that

First, the frictional resistance that the method applies to starter be steady state value (as shown in phantom in FIG.), and in fact, Starter drives the gear ring rotation initial stage, and starter not only overcomes the frictional resistance of above-mentioned steady state value, also overcomes week in compression stroke The resistance to compression pression (as shown by the solid line in the drawings) of phase property change, and the latter is that this test method cannot be simulated it is seen then that this test Method cannot simulate the stressing conditions of starter when real electromotor starts.

Second, during starter starts electromotor, Speed of Reaction Wheels gradually steps up, and gear ring will drag the driving of starter High-speed gear rotates, and when the rotating speed of driving gear exceedes the armature rotating speed of starter, the overspeed protective device of starter should This can make driving gear disengage with armature shaft, and the armature shaft of starter is protected.This test method can not be protected to hypervelocity Protection unit is verified.

3rd, for same electromotor, often complete one push start machine endurancing, the flywheel of electromotor and gear ring all stop Only in fixed area., due to compression, the effect of expansion stroke and crankshaft crank interval angles in cylinder taking six-in-line machine as a example Reason, this region is three positions on flywheel and gear ring circumference at interval of 120 degree, and allows both sides deviation 0-3 degree.Instantly During on-test, starter gear is always engaged on gear ring above three position, causes these three positions of gear ring to wear and tear And deformation is serious.This test method can not be to the above-mentioned characteristic research experiment of gear ring.

In sum, how to provide a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic, can reasonably rise simulated engine The force-bearing situation of starter when dynamic, the especially moment of torsion of the change by engine action that it is subject to, is those skilled in the art Member's technical issues that need to address.

Content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is for providing a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic.This assay device being capable of reasonable topotype Send out the force-bearing situation of starter during engine start, the especially moment of torsion of the change by engine action that it is subject to.

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic, including pedestal, admittedly Due to the flywheel of described pedestal, and the first charger to described flywheel loading constant-torque, also include to described flywheel Second charger of Loaded contact analysis moment of torsion.

The waveform moment of torsion that applied with the second charger of constant-torque that first charger applies is combined, collective effect in Flywheel, then the stressing conditions of flywheel and real case are sufficiently close to the starting characteristic such that it is able to reasonably simulated engine.

Preferably, described second charger includes the camshaft that cam is adapted to described cam, and vertically described convex The pars contractilis that wheel shaft loads to described cam；The flywheel shaft of described camshaft and described flywheel connects.

Preferably, described pars contractilis includes hydraulic cylinder, and the plunger of described hydraulic cylinder is contacted with the surface of described cam.

Preferably, the number of described hydraulic cylinder is identical with the salient point number of described cam.

Preferably, also include the hydraulic cylinder fixture fixing with described pedestal.

Preferably, described hydraulic cylinder fixture includes retainer ring, and described cam is located at the center of described retainer ring.

Preferably, described camshaft is connected by flange with described flywheel shaft.

Preferably, described second charger includes being connected to the bent axle of described flywheel shaft and the work being adapted to described bent axle Plug assembly, and the cylinder being adapted to described piston component.

Preferably, described first charger includes rotating speed output section, and described rotating speed output section is pre- to the output of described flywheel Determine rotating speed.

Preferably, described first charger includes electric dynamometer.

Preferably, the arbor of described electric dynamometer is connected by flange with described camshaft.

Preferably, also include the starter fixed mount fixing with described pedestal, and be connected to described starter fixed mount Support member and described flywheel shaft between.

Brief description

The resistance sketch that the resistance that Fig. 1 applies to starter for second test method is subject to actual starter；

A kind of structural representation of the specific embodiment of the assay device of the motor starting characteristic that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention Figure；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second charger in Fig. 2, illustrates that the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder of the second charger stretches out To extreme position；

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second charger in Fig. 2, illustrates that the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder of the second charger is retracted To extreme position；

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the assay device of motor starting characteristic in Fig. 2, illustrates that this assay device has support Part.

Fig. 2-Fig. 5:

Pedestal 100, flywheel 200, flywheel shaft 300, starter 400, cam 501, camshaft 502, hydraulic cylinder 503, plunger 5031st, retainer ring 601, electric dynamometer 701, arbor 7011, starter fixed mount 800, support member 900, flange 10a

Specific embodiment

In order that those skilled in the art more fully understands technical scheme, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specifically real The present invention is described in further detail to apply example.

Refer to Fig. 2, a kind of specific embodiment of the assay device of the motor starting characteristic that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention Structural representation.

As shown in Fig. 2 this assay device includes the flywheel 200 that pedestal 100 and described pedestal 100 are fixed, this flywheel 200 Driven by starter 400, above-mentioned flywheel 200 is all fixing relative to this pedestal 100 with starter 400, and the two can be respectively by respective Fixing device connect to pedestal 100 it is also possible to be connected with pedestal 100 by same fixing device.In engine startup, Starter 400 is affected by following both sides active force: the frictional resistance between each parts of engine interior, and cylinder The active force of interior compressed gas transmission.For the impact to motor starting characteristic for both accurate simulation, this assay device also sets up First charger and the second charger.

First charger be used for flywheel 200 apply constant value moment of torsion, with parts each in simulated engine it Between the impact to flywheel 200 for the frictional resistance.

Second charger independent of the first charger, for applying waveform moment of torsion to flywheel 200.It should be appreciated that institute State waveform moment of torsion and refer to that there is in its change curve crest and trough, the two is periodically alternately present, such as according to sine wave deformation Moment of torsion changed etc..Regardless of its concrete form, its Changing Pattern should with done work by actual engine cylinder interior gas or Consistent to the Changing Pattern of the moment of torsion that flywheel 200 produces by compression, the crest value of this moment of torsion can be identical with valley value, also may be used With difference, the concrete form of waveform moment of torsion can be done rationally by adjusting physical dimension, version of the second charger etc. Design, or the numerical values recited of moment of torsion applying, action direction are changed accordingly and realize.

The waveform moment of torsion that applied with the second charger of constant-torque that first charger applies is combined, collective effect in Flywheel 200, then the stressing conditions of flywheel 200 and real case are sufficiently close to the starting such that it is able to reasonably simulated engine Characteristic.

On the basis of above-mentioned embodiment, the second charger can be following form:

Second charger includes cam 501 and the camshaft 502, cam 501 and the camshaft that are adapted to this cam 501 502 can synchronous axial system, one end of camshaft 502 is fixedly connected with flywheel shaft 300, the described waveform that cam 501 is produced Moment of torsion passes to flywheel shaft 300.In addition, also including the pars contractilis loading to cam 501, this pars contractilis should be able to be to cam 501 apply the active force perpendicular to camshaft 502, and including thrust and resistance, then the two is the power forming moment, and cam 501 radius of gyration is the arm of force forming moment, and power and the arm of force cooperatively form the moment of torsion that can make cam 501 rotation.

When the waveform moment of torsion that the second charger applies can be made to start with real engine by following two aspect measures The moment of torsion being applied to flywheel 200 is consistent:

First, situation when real engine is worked detects, the thrust accordingly pars contractilis being provided and resistance Numerical values recited is rationally arranged；

Second, on the pressure-bearing surface of cam 501, the axle center distance away from camshaft 502 for each point is different, the as above-mentioned shape of this distance Become the arm of force of moment of torsion, therefore, the molded line structure of the Curve Design cam 501 according to engine piston compresses resistance, can obtain The suitable arm of force is adapted to be formed and is met the waveform moment of torsion requiring with the thrust being provided with pars contractilis or resistance.

The design that the program is combined with pars contractilis using cam mechanism, the reciprocating motion of pars contractilis is changed into flywheel 200 rotary motion, i.e. the thrust producing during pars contractilis motion and drag effect, on cam 501, afterwards, are changed into cam 501 moment of torsion, after passing to camshaft 502, continues to act on flywheel shaft 300, final flywheel driven 200 rotates, and is flywheel 200 Apply waveform moment of torsion.

It is little that cam mechanism takes up an area space, mobile flexibly, the program on the premise of having simplified assay device, exactly to sending out The starting characteristic of motivation is tested.

It is, of course, also possible to using the loading apparatus that directly can apply described waveform moment of torsion to flywheel 200, be this loading Instrument needs there is higher loading frequency, true rotational frequency when being worked with simulated engine, and so, then experimentation cost will Increase.

Refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second charger in Fig. 2, illustrates the second charger The plunger of hydraulic cylinder extend out to extreme position；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second charger in Fig. 2, illustrates the second loading dress The plunger of the hydraulic cylinder put is retracted to extreme position.

Further, above-mentioned pars contractilis can be hydraulic cylinder 503, the table of the plunger of this hydraulic cylinder 503 5031 and cam 501 Face contacts, to cam 501 when staff passes through to control the Stress control plunger 5031 of the hydraulic oil in hydraulic cylinder 503 to stretch out Thrust, and the resistance to cam 501 when plunger 5031 is retracted.The installation site of hydraulic cylinder 503 is stretched with making plunger 5031 Go out and contact to during extreme position and in the middle of two salient points of cam 501, and be retracted to the bump contacts with cam 501 during extreme position For principle, so that hydraulic cylinder 503 can be exactly to cam 501 to apply active force.

Specifically, depending on the number of cylinders that the salient point number of cam 501 should have according to the electromotor being modeled, with Under illustrate taking six cylinder engine as a example:

Using the cam 501 with three salient points, salient point is uniformly distributed on the pressure-bearing surface of cam 501, i.e. three salient points It is spaced 120 degree with three lines in camshaft 502 axle center.When the plunger 5031 of hydraulic cylinder 503 bounces back to extreme position, just with The bump contacts of cam 501；When extending out to extreme position, just contact with the pressure-bearing surface in the centre position of two salient points.Starter 400 when actively exporting, by flywheel driven 200 and flywheel shaft 300 synchronous rotary, because camshaft 502 and flywheel shaft 300 are fixing even Connect, then camshaft 502 will carry moving cam 501 and flywheel 200 synchronous rotary.

As shown in figure 3, being extend out to during extreme position as starting point with plunger 5031, when cam 501 starts rotation, to plunger 5031 effects have the active force making it retract, and plunger 5031 gradually bounces back in the presence of cam 501, makes in hydraulic cylinder 503 Hydraulic fluid pressure raises, and produces resistance to the rotation of cam 501, to flywheel 200 effect during simulation piston compressed gas simultaneously Moment of torsion, i.e. the compression stroke of simulated engine.

As shown in figure 4, when cam 501 drives plunger 5031 to be retracted to extreme position, plunger 5031 is convex with cam 501 Point contact, due to having inertia, cam 501 will be rotated further and so that salient point is separated with plunger 5031, the hydraulic pressure in hydraulic cylinder 503 Oil pressure promotes plunger 5031 to continue to stretch out, and promotes cam 501 to be rotated further, to flywheel during simulation gas push piston acting The moment of torsion of 200 effects, i.e. the expansion stroke of simulated engine.

After starter 400 stops driving, cam 501 will taper off rotation, reference cam in the presence of plunger 5031 501 planform, when cam 501 shuts down, plunger 5031 will contact the pressure-bearing surface in two salient point centre positions, this position It is the equilbrium position of hydraulic cylinder 503 and cam 501 stop motion.It should be noted that for six cylinder engine, same cam Equilbrium position described in 501 presence three, any one of three all can become the stop position of plunger 5031.Then cam 501 and plunger 5031 even across cycle operation several times, also will stop at above-mentioned equilbrium position, correspondingly, flywheel 200 also will Synchronization shuts down, and the stop position with plunger 5031 is matched by the stop position of flywheel 200, and that is, flywheel 200 has three Circumferentially equally distributed stop position.

Cam 501 often rotates a circle, and plunger reaches its extreme position for 5,031 3 times, simulates real six-cylinder engine crankshaft Rotate a circle three compression strokes of presence and three expansion strokes, thus, it is possible to obtain following rule: the salient point number of cam 501 Mesh is 1/2nd of the number of cylinders of electromotor.

Introduce the loading procedure of the second charger, other types of electromotor and its class above taking six cylinder engine as a example Seemingly, e.g., the assay device of simulation four cylinder engine adopts the cam 501 of two salient points, and the assay device of simulation eight cylinder engine is adopted With the cam 501 of four salient points, simulate the cam 501 using six salient points for the assay device of twelve cylinder enine.

Second charger adopts the structure of cam 501, camshaft 502 and hydraulic cylinder 503 cooperation, the form letter of this structure Single, mechanism is compact, and experimentation cost is relatively low；And, because flywheel 200 has the stop position of circumferentially equally distributed fixation, This always stops circumferentially at interval of the characteristics match on the position of fixed angle with flywheel 200 in actual engine, can Accurately the polishing machine of gear ring is tested；In addition, this device is not related to fuel oil burning, energy consumption is low, and pollution is little.

Certainly, pars contractilis can also adopt other structures, as long as thrust and resistance can be applied to cam 501, with cam 501 radius of gyration cooperatively forms waveform moment of torsion, such as spring, simply complex to the controlling organization of its elastic force.

In the above-described embodiment, the number of hydraulic cylinder 503 can be identical with the salient point number of cam 501, e.g., simulates six The assay device of Cylinder engine has three hydraulic cylinders 503, and each hydraulic cylinder 503 corresponds to each salient point of cam 501 respectively.

It is so designed that and have the advantage that

First, will promote or hinder the hydraulic fluid pressure that rotates of cam 501 to be distributed to each hydraulic cylinder 503, then each The volume of hydraulic cylinder 503 will reduce；

The stress point of the uniform cam 501 of the 2nd, is conducive to camshaft 502 uniform stressed, it is to avoid camshaft 502 is due to office Portion's stress is frequently destroyed；

3rd, multiple hydraulic cylinders 503 are possible to more reliably to plunger to cam 501 to apply active force by diverse location 5031 stop positions are limited, that is, ensure that flywheel 200 stops at the stop position of fixation mentioned above.

Further, hydraulic cylinder 503 can be fixing with pedestal 100 by hydraulic cylinder fixture.

Each hydraulic cylinder 503 is all fixing with pedestal 100 by hydraulic cylinder fixture, is more beneficial for ensureing each hydraulic cylinder 503 work Geo-stationary is kept mutually, thus avoiding because the action of each hydraulic cylinder 503 is asynchronous to affect the work that cam 501 is applied when making Accuracy firmly.

Closer, above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder fixture can include retainer ring 601, and cam 501 is arranged at this retainer ring 601 center.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, cam 501 is located at this retainer ring 601 center, then hydraulic cylinder 503 can be evenly distributed on this In retainer ring 601, fully utilize loop configuration easy to process, the good feature of symmetry.

Certainly, this hydraulic cylinder fixture can also be other structures form, such as rectangular box, or stretches out from pedestal 100 Bar shaped supporting construction etc..

Second charger can also have another embodiment, such as, including the bent axle being connected with flywheel shaft 300, The piston component being adapted to this bent axle, and the cylinder with this piston component cooperating, and, this bent axle, piston component and Cylinder is all consistent with the structure in actual engine.

So, when piston component moves in cylinder, dynamic crankshaft rotation will be carried to produce moment of torsion, this moment of torsion is transmitted by bent axle To flywheel shaft 300 and flywheel 200, and then react on starter 400, because each part is all using the knot in actual engine Structure, it is possible to the waveform moment of torsion that accurately simulation cylinder interior gas produce to flywheel 200 when doing work or being compressed.Only It is that the cost of which relatively designs cam 501 and hydraulic cylinder 503 combines height, but or adopt well below in background technology The mode that actual engine is tested.And, cylinder interior gas need not be struck sparks in the program, with electromotor overall test phase Than not to environment.

The first charger in above-mentioned each scheme can also include rotating speed output section, this rotating speed output section can directly with Flywheel shaft 300 is connected it is also possible to be connected with flywheel shaft 300 by other structures, such as connects to cam 501 and hydraulic cylinder 503 side Camshaft 502 in case, or the bent axle connecting to crankshaft and piston packaging scheme, no matter which kind of type of attachment, as long as energy Enough pass through flywheel shaft 300 and apply desired speed to flywheel 200.

The rotating speed of starter 400 meet electromotor catch fire requirement when, the first charger and the second charger equal Quit work, engine stop drives and dragged rotation by flywheel 200, rotating speed output section starts to export constant rotational speed, this rotating speed Numerical value be engine idle rotational, started successfully with simulated engine.Now, if the gear of starter 400 and flywheel 200 Gear ring disengages, then the overspeed protective device work of starter 400 effectively, starts successfully；Conversely, then this overspeed protective device event Barrier, starting failure.

It can be seen that, after this rotating speed output section is set, verification experimental verification can be carried out to the overspeed protective device of starter 400, from And improve the pilot project of motor starting characteristic test.

Specifically, above-mentioned first charger can include electric dynamometer 701, and this electric dynamometer 701 can not only Output constant rotational speed is verified with the overspeed protective device to starter 400 additionally it is possible to be exported constant-torque, is started with simulating The impact of the frictional resistance to flywheel 200 for each part of machine, the numerical value of this moment of torsion is obtaining or empirically determined according to measuring The each parts of electromotor between resistance depending on.

It is, of course, also possible to be separately provided rotating speed output device, such as motor etc., and the first charger only to have applying constant The effect of moment of torsion, such as moment load system etc..No matter how the first charger designs, as long as flywheel 200 can act on turning Speed and constant-torque.

On the basis of such scheme, because the connected mode of flange shaft has preferable axiality, and do not destroy axle The feature of self structure, can be in the connection end of flywheel shaft 300 and camshaft 502, and camshaft 502 and electric dynamometer The connection end of 701 arbor 7011 is provided with flange 10a, i.e. the arbor 7011 of electric dynamometer 701, camshaft 502, flywheel Axle 300 is the flange shaft being mutually adapted.Certainly, above-mentioned each connection end can also be not provided with flange 10a, and passes through the shapes such as welding Formula is fixedly connected.

Refer to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the assay device of motor starting characteristic in Fig. 2, illustrates this assay device There is support member.

Further, this assay device also has the starter fixed mount 800 fixing with pedestal 100, and starter 400 is even It is connected to this starter fixed mount 800.Then different size, diverse location starter 400 all can by this fixed mount connect to Pedestal 100, and do not destroy the body construction of pedestal 100, easy to use.

In addition, being also provided with support member 900 between starter fixed mount 800 and flywheel shaft 300, to improve flywheel shaft 300 with the stress of the junction of starter fixed mount 800, extend the service life of assay device.

In above-mentioned each scheme, can also have master controller and hydraulic control system, with to the first charger and second The output controls such as charger instruct, and for example, control the hydraulic cylinder 503 in cam 501 and hydraulic cylinder 503 scheme, to improve examination The automaticity of experiment device.

Above a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic provided by the present invention is described in detail.Herein Apply specific case the principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above example is only intended to help Understand the method for the present invention and its core concept.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not taking off On the premise of the principle of the invention, the present invention can also be carried out with some improvement and modify, these improve and modification also falls into this In invention scope of the claims.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of assay device of motor starting characteristic, including pedestal (100), the flywheel that is fixed on described pedestal (100) (200), and to described flywheel (200) load the first charger of constant-torque it is characterised in that also including flying to described Second charger of wheel (200) Loaded contact analysis moment of torsion.

2. assay device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described second charger includes cam (501) and institute State the camshaft (502) that cam (501) is adapted to, and vertically described camshaft (502) to described cam (501) load flexible Portion；The flywheel shaft (300) of described camshaft (502) and described flywheel (200) connects.

3. assay device as claimed in claim 2 is it is characterised in that described pars contractilis includes hydraulic cylinder (503), described hydraulic pressure The plunger (5031) of cylinder (503) is contacted with the surface of described cam (501).

4. assay device as claimed in claim 3 is it is characterised in that the number of described hydraulic cylinder (503) and described cam (501) salient point number is identical.

5. assay device as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that also include being fixed on the hydraulic cylinder of described pedestal (100) Fixture.

6. assay device as claimed in claim 5 is it is characterised in that described hydraulic cylinder fixture includes retainer ring (601), institute State the center that cam (501) is located at described retainer ring (601).

7. assay device as claimed in claim 6 is it is characterised in that described camshaft (502) is led to described flywheel shaft (300) Cross flange to connect.

8. assay device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described second charger includes being connected to described flywheel The bent axle of axle (300) and the piston component being adapted to described bent axle, and the cylinder being adapted to described piston component.

9. the assay device as described in any one of claim 2-7 it is characterised in that described first charger to include rotating speed defeated Go out portion, described rotating speed output section exports desired speed to described flywheel (200).

10. assay device as claimed in claim 9 is it is characterised in that described first charger includes electric dynamometer (701).

11. assay devices as claimed in claim 10 are it is characterised in that the arbor (7011) of described electric dynamometer (701) It is connected by flange with described camshaft (502).

12. assay devices as claimed in claim 11 are it is characterised in that also include being fixed on the starting of described pedestal (100) Machine fixed mount (800), and it is connected to the support member between described starter fixed mount (800) and described flywheel shaft (300) (900).