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CN103906790B - 高分子原料和高分子材料 - Google Patents

高分子原料和高分子材料 Download PDF

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CN103906790B
CN103906790B CN201280052696.1A CN201280052696A CN103906790B CN 103906790 B CN103906790 B CN 103906790B CN 201280052696 A CN201280052696 A CN 201280052696A CN 103906790 B CN103906790 B CN 103906790B
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macromolecular material
raw material
formula
general formula
positive integer
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CN103906790A (zh
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金子达雄
宫里朗夫
立山诚治
苏班拿萨拉·普鲁艾契卡
冈佑季
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Abstract

本发明目的在于提供一种具有能代替从石油原料合成的聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺之性能、由源自天然分子的原料合成的高分子原料。解决方案在于高分子材料是高分子原料聚合而成,该高分子原料由作为天然分子的4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体构成,羧基被用烷链保护。图5给出了根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)和聚酰亚胺(PI-1)的TGA曲线。

Description

高分子原料和高分子材料
技术领域
本发明涉及源自天然的高分子原料和由该高分子原料构成的高分子材料。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺(polyimide)、聚酰胺(polyamide)等高分子材料是在电工学领域、电子工程学领域或宇宙工程学领域等被作为高性能工业产品使用着的高性能塑料,其需要极大。譬如在汽车的车身、内装饰品、电装品上,大量使用着聚酰亚胺树脂或聚酰胺树脂。
以往,聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺树脂几乎都是从石油原料合成,只能从石油资源获得。故不能对应石油资源枯竭等问题,这是实情,另外,对从石油原料合成的这些高分子材料的需要增长与低碳化背道而驰。
另一方面,作为使用源自天然的原料的高分子材料的生物塑料(bioplastic)与生物燃料不同,是有望二氧化碳长期固定化的物质系,人们认为其实用化是对上述低碳化有大贡献的,但存在着成本增大的问题。根据与此不同的观点,即便使用耗成本的活体分子,若是象超级工程塑料(superengineeringplastic)那种附加价值高的材料,也能在成本对效果方面得到满足,就具有能广泛波及于社会的潜在性。
鉴于这种状况,近年来,人们研究了使用源自天然的高分子原料的聚酰胺树脂的制造方法。另外,通过文献,利用与源自天然的高分子原料相同或相近的化合物的工业材料业已被公知。
专利文献1公开了一种使用从微生物赖氨酸代谢途径上的化合物派生的二胺和二羧酸的聚酰胺树脂制造方法。专利文献1记载有:关于聚酰胺树脂,实现了弯曲弹性率3~5GPa、玻璃化温度TG120~180℃。
专利文献2记载有具有四元环化合物的光学部件。
非专利文献1记载有被用氨基置换的芳香醇化合物。
非专利文献2记载有由氨基肉桂酸的二聚体构成的高分子原料。
已有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2006-137820号公报
专利文献2:特开2003-160540号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:FritzM.KreuzalerundChristophPeterh,TechnischeHochschuleAachen;April2009Y;“RekombinanteBiosyntheseamino-substituierterPhenylpropanoideinE.coli”
非专利文献2:I.TAENAESESCUundF.HODOSAN,REVUEDECHIMIE;TomeI,1956Y,No2;“DIEPHOTODIMER1SATIONDERNITROZIMTSAEURENUNDDERNITROCHALKONE”
发明的内容
技术问题
然而,若要从生物资源材料合成高性能的聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺,会伴随许多困难。这是由于因构成聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺的原料的芳香二胺的毒性太高而无法从生物制作的缘故。
另外,关于把生物资源材料用作原料的生物塑料,同从石油原料合成的聚酰亚胺树脂或聚酰胺树脂比较时,未必能得到令人满足的耐热性能,这是实情。譬如已有的生物塑料,耐热温度最高不过305℃左右。其原因可从已有生物塑料是作为生物降解塑料被开発的这一原委来列例:没有过多么强的性能方面的追求;为能够分解而一直使用着耐热性能低的聚酯系塑料。
本发明正是鉴于相关的以往实情而提出的,其目的在于提供一种能合成具有能代替从石油原料合成的聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺之性能的生物聚合物(biopolymer)的、源自活体的高分子原料;进一步,其目的还在于提供一种利用上述高分子原料的、具有能代替从石油原料合成的聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺之性能的、源自天然的高分子材料。
解决方案
本发明的高分子原料特征在于,由4-氨基肉桂酸(4-aminocinnamicacid)的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体构成,羧基被用烷链保护而可聚合,具有通式1所示结构。
(式中,X为-OR、-SR、-NHR中任意一种,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯(oxyalkylene)基中任意一种。)
本发明的高分子原料如通式1所示,以4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体为基本结构,介于苯基在四元环的两端具有氨基。即,本发明的高分子原料具有与构成聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺的原料的芳香二胺等同的结构。
本发明的高分子原料如通式1所示,具有2个源自4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体的羧基,但这些羧基必须是被某种保护基保护以不与该高分子原料具有的氨基反应。作为用于形成上述保护基的保护剂,能使用公知的,只要能保护羧基即可。譬如可通过酯化、硫酯化、酰胺化等保护。故,譬如在通式1中作为式中的X可例举出-OR、-SR、-NHR。在此R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种。
本发明的高分子原料,在聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺等高分子材料合成之际,能作为源自天然的原料单体使用,据此就能提供高性能的高分子材料,尤其是能提供耐热性极高的高分子材料。
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是上述高分子原料聚合而成的高分子材料,在主链具有酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,具有通式2所示结构。
(式中,X为-OR、-SR、-NHR中任意一种,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,Y为酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,Z为有机链,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是由高分子原料聚合而成的高分子材料,在主链有酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,具有通式3所示结构;上述高分子原料由4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体构成,羧基被用烷链保护。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,Y为酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,Z为有机链,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,更具体地,其特征在于,具有通式4至通式10中任意一通式所示结构。
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式4所示结构的聚酰胺。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数,m为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式5所示结构的聚酰胺。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,以具有通式6所示结构的聚酰胺酸为前体。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式7所示结构的聚酰亚胺。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式8所示结构的聚尿素。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数,m为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式9所示结构的聚尿素。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式10所示结构的聚酰亚胺。
(式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数。)
本发明的高分子材料,其特征在于,以生命体(biomass)为原材料。
本发明的高分子原料制造方法,是对羧基被用烷链保护而可聚合的高分子原料进行合成的高分子原料制造方法,其特征在于,具有:对4-氨基肉桂酸或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物,将其氨基作成盐酸盐的步骤;照射紫外线而进行二聚反应的步骤;通过催化剂作用使其酯化或硫酯化、或者使其酰胺化的步骤。
本发明的高分子材料制造方法,其特征在于,对通过上述高分子原料制造方法获得的高分子原料,使其氨基反应而形成酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,而用作高分子材料。
本发明的高分子材料再利用方法,其特征在于,通过照射紫外线、或照射紫外线后用酸水解、或用酸水解、或用酸水解后照射紫外线这当中任意一种方式,使通过上述高分子材料制造方法获得的高分子材料回归于高分子原料。
本发明的高分子原料,通过光二聚反应合成作为天然分子的4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物,使上述高分子原料譬如与源自天然分子的共聚用单体即环丁烷四羧酸二酐(cyclobutanetetracarboxylicdianhydride)反应,据此获得聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺等高分子材料(生物塑料)。本发明的高分子材料(生物塑料),耐热温度超过300℃,显示出不逊色于从石油原料合成的已有聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺的耐热性能。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能从源自天然分子的原料来合成可利用于汽车电装品、电和电子领域、加热器等发热部件的用途等的高性能塑料。故,能够代替从石油原料合成的已有聚酰亚胺或聚酰胺,能够实现塑料内部的碳储量(carbonstock)带来的低碳化。进一步,本发明的高分子材料还有望作为环境适应型塑料强化材料得到应用。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯(4,4’-diaminotruxillicaciddimethyl)(DATXA-DM)的NMR图谱。
图2是根据本发明的N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(N,N’-diacetyl(4,4’-diaminotruxillicacid))(DNAc-DATXA)的NMR图谱。
图3是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)的NMR图谱。
图4是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)和聚酰亚胺(PI-1)的FT-IR图谱。
图5是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)和聚酰亚胺(PI-1)的TGA曲线。
图6是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)的NMR图谱。
图7是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)和聚酰亚胺(PI-2)的FT-IR图谱。
图8是根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)和聚酰亚胺(PI-2)的TGA曲线。
图9是根据本发明的脂肪族聚酰胺的NMR图谱。
图10是根据本发明的脂肪族聚酰胺的TGA曲线。
图11是根据本发明的芳香族聚酰胺的NMR图谱。
图12是根据本发明的芳香族聚酰胺的TGA曲线。
图13是根据本发明的使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺的TGA曲线。
图14是根据本发明的脂肪族聚尿素的NMR图谱。
图15是根据本发明的脂肪族聚尿素的TGA曲线。
图16是根据本发明的芳香族聚尿素的TGA曲线。
图17是根据本发明的显示芳香族聚酰胺的拉伸强度试验结果之图。
具体实施方式
以下对于适用了本发明的高分子原料和高分子材料制造方法进行详细说明。在此,以通过酯化来保护羧基为例,以下列反应式来表示其合成途径。
上述反应式所示反应方法中,首先让盐酸作用于4-氨基肉桂酸,将4-氨基肉桂酸的氨基盐酸盐化。接着,照射紫外线进行二聚反应。进一步,以(CH3)3SiCl作催化剂使ROH作用,对上述羧基进行酯化。在此,酯化时若用RSH取代ROH,则被硫酯化。另外,若取代ROH而使胺反应,则被酰胺化。最后,让碱作用而消去HCl,就获得2,4-双(4-氨苯基)-1,3-环丁基二烷基酯(2,4-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-cyclobutanedialkylester)。上述碱譬如是氢氧化钠。
于是,对于通过上述高分子原料制造方法获得的高分子原料,使其氨基反应而形成酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,将之作为高分子材料。本发明的高分子材料,更具体地说,具有通式4至通式10中任意一通式所示的结构。尤其是,通过使上述高分子原料和源自天然分子的共聚用单体即环丁烷四羧酸二酐(CBDA:富马酸的二聚体二酐)反应而被合成的、通式10所示的聚酰亚胺,显示出高耐热性(耐热温度300℃以上),而且是作为生物塑料能对低碳化做贡献的高分子材料。
详细说明下作为根据本发明的高分子材料的通式10所示聚酰亚胺的制造方法。本发明的聚酰亚胺的合成途径如以下反应式所示。
上述反应式所示反应方法中,首先让本发明的高分子原料(2,4-双(4-氨苯基)-1,3-环丁基二羧酸二烷基酯(2,4-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylicaciddialkylester))和二酐(环丁烷四羧酸二酐:CBDA)反应,合成聚酰胺酸。
上述反应最好是在譬如沸点100℃以上的高沸点溶剂中进行。此时,作为溶剂最好使用非质子性酰胺系溶剂,譬如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)等就是很适合的。
在上述反应之际,渐渐地将温度从室温升到沸点,其后,进行上述反应给定时间即可。反应时间能任意设定。另外,在上述反应之际,原料的浓度可任意设定。在上述反应之际,优选原料的浓度为0.6M以上。
合成了上述聚酰胺酸后,通过譬如于250℃加热或于250℃以上加热脱水,即可获得通式10所示聚酰亚胺。上述聚酰胺酸具有高透明性,在广泛波长范围里透过率几乎为100%。因此从上述聚酰胺酸获得的聚酰亚胺的透明性也变高。
在上述反应中,通过用二异氰酸酯(diisocyanate)、环氧化合物、两端带不饱和键的芳基化合物、二羧酸等取代二酐(环丁烷四羧酸二酐:CBDA),能合成聚尿素、聚酰胺及其他各种高分子材料。另外,也可使上述反应以聚酰胺酸的状态结束。进一步,不用二酐而代之用1分子内具有如偏苯三酸酐(trimelliticanhydride)那种羧基和酸酐的高分子原料的话,也能合成聚酰胺酰亚胺。
如上所述,通过使用本发明的高分子原料,能实现耐热温度350℃以上的高分子材料(生物聚合物)。在此,上述耐热温度是指10%分解温度。通过本发明获得的生物聚合物可利用于汽车、电和电子领域、加热器等发热部件的用途等,能代替使用从石油原料合成的聚酰亚胺的部件。另外,使用本发明的高分子原料合成的高分子材料是以天然分子为原料的生物聚合物,可以说对推进低碳化极为有用。
实施例
以下根据实验结果详细说明本发明的具体实施例。
4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯的合成
根据本发明的4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
根据上述反应式所示的合成获得根据本发明的4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯(DATXA-DM)。首先,往茄形烧瓶加入4-氨基肉桂酸(4-ACA)(16.3g,0.10mol)、丙酮(acetone)(350ml),溶解后,慢慢地滴下12N的HCl(10ml,0.12mol)。通过吸引过滤获得所生成的4-氨基肉桂酸盐酸盐(4-ACA-HCl)后,使其在干燥器(desiccator)内干燥,将4-ACA-HCl(1.0g,5.0mmol)盛入烧瓶,加入己烷(hexane)20ml,进行UV照射(λ=250~450nm)25小时,获得4,4’-二氨基古柯间二盐酸盐(4,4’-diaminotruxillicacidhydrochloride)(DATXA-HCl)。
同样的方法反复进行,将所获DATXA-HCl(7.68g,0.019mol)、甲醇(31.2ml,0.77mol)、三甲基一氯硅烷(trimethylchlorosilane)(9.8ml,0.077mol)置入经氮气置换的烧瓶,使反应42小时,进行了酯化。把该生成物(3.32g,7.77mmol)置入烧瓶,加入蒸馏水50ml溶解后,加入1N的NaOH(16.2ml),进行了中和。其后,加入乙酸乙酯(280ml),使中和后的生成物溶解,用分液漏斗提取,获得黄色粉末状4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯(DATXA-DM)。
所获4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯(DATXA-DM)的NMR图谱由图1给出。
NMR(NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy)中各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.27(s,6H,-COOCH3),3.72(dd,2H,J=
7.4,10.2Hz,
-CH-COOCH3),4.11(dd,
2H,7.4Hz,10.1Hz,-CH-C6H4),5.00(s,4H,-NH2-C6H4),6.51(d,4H,
8.4Hz,NH2-C-CH-),6.95(d,
4H,8.4Hz,NH2-C-CH-CH-)
N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)的合成
根据本发明的N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示的合成获得根据本发明的N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)。首先,往烧瓶加入4-氨基肉桂酸(4-ACA)(10.0g,61.3mmol)、甲醇(180ml),加入乙酸酐(20ml,212mmol),室温下搅拌1日。将生成物过滤,用甲醇洗净,干燥(10.3g,81.7%)。将所获4-乙酰氨基肉桂酸(4-acetaminocinnamicacid)(1.00g,4.87mmol)、己烷(50ml)加入烧瓶,进行了UV照射(λ=250~450nm)。进行过滤、干燥,获得了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)(0.93g,93.0%)。
所获N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的NMR图谱由图2给出。NMR中各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.03(s,6H,-NHCOCH3),
3.73(dd,2H,J=7.4,10.2Hz,-CH-COOH,),4.20(dd,2H,J=7.4,10.2Hz,
-CH-C6H4-),7.25(d,4H,J=8.5Hz,CH3CONH-C-CH-CH-)7.50(d,4H,
J=8.5Hz,CH3CONH-C-CH-),9.89(s,2H,CH3CONH-),12.04(s,2H,-COOH,
1H)
聚酰亚胺的合成例
根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA)的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的聚酰胺酸(PAA)。首先,将2,4-双(4-氨苯基)-1,3-环丁基二羧酸二烷基酯(DATXA-DM)(0.20g,[0.5647mmol])在10mL的试管中溶解于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)([0.5647mL],[1M]),在氮气环境中用机械式搅拌机搅拌。
接着,加入环丁烷四羧酸二酐(CBDA)(0.11g,[0.5647mmol]),变成了浅黄色溶液。将反应液在室温下激烈搅拌了24小时,结果,获得有粘性的溶液。将该溶液用NMP(N-methylpyrrolidone)稀释,滴下于水,则析出了纤维状固体。将这些固体过滤回収,用水彻底洗净后,在干燥器中真空干燥。将该固体再次溶解于NMP而获得的黄色溶液浇注于硅晶片之上获得薄膜。利用FT-IR(Fouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy)和NMR(NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy)对所获薄膜进行了结构解析,结果判明是标的聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)。收率为85重量%。
聚酰亚胺薄膜(PI-1),是通过将上述聚酰胺酸薄膜(PAA-1)分阶段地于100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃的温度在温箱(oven)中加热而获得(各温度下1小时)。通过FT-IR进行了酰亚胺化的确认。
所获聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)的NMR由图3给出。另外,聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)和聚酰亚胺(PI-1)的FT-IR由图4给出。进一步,对所获聚酰胺酸(PAA-1)和聚酰亚胺(PI-1)以TGA(thermogravimetricanalysis)分析后的TGA曲线由图5给出。由该TGA曲线可知,聚酰亚胺(PI-1)的耐热温度(10%分解温度)为392℃。
用均苯四酸(pyromelliticacid)取代CBDA,以相同方法进行了聚合。所用NMP是(0.9412mL,[0.6M]),再沉淀时使用了甲醇而不是水。收率为80重量%。对所获薄膜以FT-IR和NMR进行了结构解析,结果判明是标的聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)。
所获聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)的NMR由图6给出。另外,聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)和聚酰亚胺(PI-2)的FT-IR由图7给出。进一步,所获聚酰胺酸(PAA-2)和聚酰亚胺(PI-2)的TGA曲线由图8给出。由该TGA曲线可知,聚酰亚胺(PI-2)的耐热温度(10%分解温度)为406℃。
另外,还以GPC(GelpermeationChromatography)进行了各聚酰胺酸的分子量测定(试样浓度:0.5mgmL-1,溶剂:二甲基甲酰胺,外部标准:支链淀粉(pullulan))。结果如下表1所示。表1中,Mw为重均分子量,Mn为数均分子量,PDI为多分散度。PDI是用Mn除Mw得到的商値。
[表1]
脂肪族聚酰胺的合成例
根据本发明的脂肪族聚酰胺的合成途径由如下反应式所示。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的脂肪族聚酰胺。首先,往经氮气置换的烧瓶加入4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸二甲酯(300.9mg,0.85mmol)、脱水DMAc(0.85ml)、脱水吡啶(pyridine)(0.17ml)、1,8-二辛酰氯(suberoylchloride)(0.16ml,0.86mmol),室温下搅拌了3小时。往反应物加入NMP(2.5ml)并使之均匀后,滴下于甲醇60ml中进行再沉淀,获得白色纤维状聚合物。将所获聚合物溶解于少量的DMF(Dimethylformamide),滴下于硅晶片上后加热,制作出了薄膜。
对所获脂肪族聚酰胺薄膜的分子量以GPC进行测定后得知:数均分子量=7.25×103、重均分子量=7.99×103、分散度=1.10(支链淀粉换算)。NMR图谱如图9所示。各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.33(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),
1.59(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),2.29(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),3.26(6H,-COOCH3),
3.88(2H,
CH-COOCH3),4.27(2H,CH-C6H4-),
7.21-7.54(8H,arom),9.84(2H,-C6H4-NH-CO-)
所获脂肪族聚酰胺薄膜的TGA曲线由图10给出。测定范围是50℃~750℃,升温速度为10℃/min,脂肪族聚酰胺薄膜的耐热温度(10%重量减少温度)为360℃。
芳香族聚酰胺的合成例
根据本发明的芳香族聚酰胺的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的芳香族聚酰胺。首先,往间苯二甲酰氯(isophthalicaciddichloride)(60mg,0.3mmol),DATXA-DM(100mg,0.3mmol)的经氮气置换的试管加入脱水吡啶和脱水DMAc(0.3ml),室温下搅拌了12小时。往反应物加入DMAc(2ml)并作成均匀溶液后,滴下于甲醇(40ml),进行了聚合物的再沉淀。将沉淀的白色固体回収,5小时真空干燥,获得白色聚合物(120mg,收率82%)。将白色聚合物溶解于少量的DMF,滴下于硅晶片上,在加热板上干燥而制作出了薄膜。
对所获芳香族聚酰胺薄膜的分子量以GPC进行测定后得知:数均分子量=8.0×104,重均分子量=8.9×104,分散度=1.26(支链淀粉换算)。NMR图谱如图11所示。各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.25(6H,-COOCH3),3.96-4.00(2H,-CHCOOH-),
4.34-4.39(2H,-CHC6H4-),7.34-8.54(12H,arom.),10.42(2H,-C6H4-NH-CO-)
所获芳香族聚酰胺薄膜的TGA曲线由图12给出。测定范围是50℃~650℃,升温速度为10℃/min,芳香族聚酰胺薄膜的耐热温度(10%重量减少温度)为366℃。
使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺的合成例
根据本发明的使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺。首先,往经氮气置换的烧瓶加入DATXA-DM(86.3mg,0.24mmol)、DNAc-DATXA(99.5mg,0.24mmol)、脱水NMP(0.24ml)。进一步还滴下亚磷酸三苯酯(phosphorousacidtriphenyl)(70μl,0.27mmol)、吡啶(120μl,1.49mmol),100℃下搅拌1小时。往反应物加入NMP(2ml)并作成均匀溶液后滴下于甲醇(60ml),进行了聚合物的再沉淀。将沉淀了的纤维状物质回収,于200℃干燥1小时,获得白色纤维状聚合物(150.1mg,收率89.6%)。将纤维状聚合物溶解于少量的DMF,滴下于硅晶片上,120℃下干燥1小时而制作出了薄膜。
对所获聚酰胺薄膜的分子量以GPC进行测定后得知:数均分子量=1.02×104,重均分子量=2.10×104,分散度=2.06(支链淀粉换算)。NMR图谱中各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.95(6H,NHCOCH3),3.13(6H,COOCH3),3.79-4.36(8H,
cyclobutane),7.00-7.49(16H,arom.),9.71-9.93(4H,NH)
所获聚酰胺薄膜的TGA曲线由图13给出。测定范围是50℃~750℃,升温速度为10℃/min,聚酰胺薄膜的耐热温度(10%重量减少温度)为367℃。
脂肪族聚尿素的合成例
根据本发明的脂肪族聚尿素的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的脂肪族聚尿素。首先,往经氮气置换的烧瓶加入DATXA-DM(100.8mg,0.28mmol)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(hexamethylenediisocyanate)(47.5mg,0.28mmol)、脱水NMP(0.28ml),室温下搅拌12小时,然后100℃下搅拌了1小时。往反应物加入NMP(1ml)并作成均匀溶液后,滴下于甲醇(40ml),进行了聚合物的再沉淀。将沉淀了的纤维状物质回収,于200℃干燥1小时,获得白色纤维状聚合物(126.3mg,收率85.2%)。将纤维状聚合物溶解于少量的DMF,滴下于硅晶片上,120℃下干燥1小时而制作出了薄膜。
对所获脂肪族聚尿素薄膜的分子量以GPC进行测定后得知:数均分子量=1.39×104,重均分子量=3.37×104,分散度=2.42(支链淀粉换算)。NMR图谱如图14所示。各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.29(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),1.42(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),
3.06(4H,-NHCH2CH2CH2-),3.25(6H,-COOCH3),3.83(2H,CH-COOCH3),4.21(2H,
CH-C6H4-),6.09(2H,CONH-C6H12-),7.14-7.31(8H,arom.),8.35(2H,
-C6H4-NH-CO-)
所获脂肪族聚尿素薄膜的TGA曲线由图15给出。测定范围是50℃~750℃,升温速度为10℃/min,聚酰胺薄膜的耐热温度(10%重量减少温度)为285℃。
芳香族聚尿素的合成例
根据本发明的芳香族聚尿素的合成途径由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示合成获得根据本发明的芳香族聚尿素。首先,往经氮气置换的烧瓶加入DATXA-DM(101.0mg,0.28mmol)、m-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(m-xylylenediisocyanate)(47.5mg,0.28mmol)、脱水NMP(0.28ml),室温下搅拌12小时,然后100℃下搅拌了1小时。往反应物加入NMP(1ml)并作成均匀溶液后,滴下于甲醇(40ml),进行了聚合物的再沉淀。将沉淀了的固体回収,于200℃干燥1小时,获得白色粉末的聚合物(140.0mg,收率94.0%)。将聚合物溶解于少量的DMF,滴下于硅晶片上,120℃下干燥1小时而制作出了薄膜。
对所获芳香族聚尿素薄膜的分子量以GPC进行测定后得知:数均分子量=1.13×104,重均分子量=3.05×104,分散度=2.69(支链淀粉换算)。NMR图谱中各谱峰的归属如下所示。
1H
NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.25(6H,COOCH3),3.84(2H,CH-COOCH3),4.22(2H,
CH-C6H4),4.28(4H,NH-CH2-),6.58(2H,CONHCH2),7.08-7.43(12H,arom.),8.52
(2H,C6H4NHCO)
所获芳香族聚尿素薄膜的TGA曲线由图16给出。测定范围是50℃~750℃,升温速度为10℃/min,聚酰胺薄膜的耐热温度(10%重量减少温度)为294℃。
特性比较
以下,对本发明实施例即使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺进行了各种试验测定。于是,进行了同已有高分子材料的各种试验测定结果的比较。结果由下表2给出。表1中,Mw为重均分子量,Mn为数均分子量,PDI为多分散度。PDI是用Mn除Mw得到的商値。则本发明实施例即上述聚酰胺的拉伸试验的试验结果由图17给出。
[表2]
表2所示已有高分子材料中,Kapton(注册商标)是源自石油的聚酰亚胺。Polyamide11是源自天然的聚酰胺。Collagen、elastin、keratin、titin、Araneusviscidsilk是源自活体的蛋白质,是聚酰胺之一种。
如表2所示,本发明实施例即使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺,耐热温度(10%分解温度)Td10为367℃,玻璃化温度Tg为273℃であり,同已有产品相比,显示出非常高的耐热性。而且,杨氏模数Eint为11.6GPa,断裂应力σ为407MPa,同已有产品相比,显示出非常高的强度。
再利用性
关于本发明实施例即使用了N,N’-二乙酰(4,4’-二氨基古柯间二酸)(DNAc-DATXA)的聚酰胺,回归于高分子原料的分解路线由如下反应式给出。
通过上述反应式所示分解路线能将根据本发明的上述聚酰胺回归于高分子原料。即,在PathA中,照射紫外线(波长254nm)而作成4ACA-dimer,其后,用盐酸(HCl)水解,回归于4-氨基肉桂酸(4ACA)而作为高分子原料再利用。在PathB中,用盐酸(HCl)水解而作成DATXA-HCl,其后,通过照射紫外线(波长254nm)而回归于4-氨基肉桂酸(4ACA),作为高分子原料再利用。另外,在PathB,也可将用盐酸(HCl)水解而做成DATXA-HCl的物质作为高分子原料再利用。进一步,在PathA,也可将照射紫外线(波长254nm)而作成4ACA-dimer的物质作为高分子原料再利用。

Claims (15)

1.一种高分子原料,其特征在于,由4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体构成,具有通式1所示结构;
式中,X为-OR、-SR、-NHR中任意一种,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种。
2.一种高分子材料,其特征在于,是权利要求1所述的高分子原料聚合而成的高分子材料,在主链具有酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,具有通式2所示结构;
式中,X为-OR、-SR、-NHR中任意一种,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,Y为酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,Z为有机链,n为正整数。
3.一种高分子材料,其特征在于,是由高分子原料聚合而成的高分子材料,在主链具有酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,具有通式3所示结构;上述高分子原料由4-氨基肉桂酸的二聚体或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的二聚体构成;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,Y为酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种,Z为有机链,n为正整数。
4.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式4所示结构的聚酰胺;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数,m为正整数。
5.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式5所示结构的聚酰胺;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。
6.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,以具有通式6所示结构的聚酰胺酸为前体;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。
7.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式7所示结构的聚酰亚胺;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。
8.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式8所示结构的聚尿素;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数,m为正整数。
9.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式9所示结构的聚尿素;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,A表示芳香环或脂环,n为正整数。
10.按权利要求3所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,是具有通式10所示结构的聚酰亚胺;
式中,R为烷基、烯基、芳基、氧化烯基中任意一种,n为正整数。
11.按权利要求2至10中任一项所述的高分子材料,其特征在于,以生命体为原材料。
12.一种高分子原料制造方法,是对权利要求1所述的高分子原料进行合成的高分子原料制造方法,其特征在于,具有:将上述4-氨基肉桂酸或4-氨基肉桂酸衍生物的氨基作成盐酸盐的步骤;对上述盐酸盐照射紫外线而通过二聚反应作成二聚体的步骤;通过上述通式1中的X来保护上述二聚体所具有的羧基的步骤。
13.一种高分子材料制造方法,系制造权利要求2所述的高分子材料的方法,其特征在于,让上述通式1所示高分子原料的氨基反应而形成酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种键,而用作高分子材料。
14.一种高分子材料制造方法,系制造权利要求3所述的高分子材料的方法,其特征在于,让上述高分子原料的氨基反应而形成酰亚胺键、酰胺键、尿素键、以及酰胺键与酰亚胺键中任意一种键,而用作高分子材料。
15.一种高分子材料再利用方法,系权利要求2或3所述的高分子材料的再利用方法,其特征在于,通过对上述高分子材料照射紫外线、或照射紫外线后用酸水解、或用酸水解、或用酸水解后照射紫外线这当中任意一种方式,使上述高分子材料回归于高分子原料。
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