CN103900842B - A kind of self-priming venturi water scrubber performance test system - Google Patents
A kind of self-priming venturi water scrubber performance test system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自吸式文丘里水洗器性能实验系统,包括自吸式文丘里水洗器、数据采集系统,其特征在于:还包括空气供应回路、蒸汽供应回路、气体混合配送回路、进口取样段、自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路、出口取样段,空气供应回路的出口和蒸汽供应回路的出口汇合后接气体混合配送回路的进口,气体混合配送回路的出口接进口取样段,进口取样段的出口接自吸式文丘里水洗器,自吸式文丘里水洗器外接引射特性测量回路。
The invention relates to a performance experiment system of a self-priming Venturi water washer, which includes a self-priming Venturi water washer and a data acquisition system, and is characterized in that it also includes an air supply circuit, a steam supply circuit, a gas mixing and distribution circuit, and an inlet sampling system. section, self-priming Venturi water scrubber ejection characteristic measurement circuit, outlet sampling section, the outlet of the air supply circuit and the outlet of the steam supply circuit merge and then connect to the inlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit, and the outlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit connects to the inlet sampling section , the outlet of the inlet sampling section is connected to the self-priming Venturi water washer, and the self-priming Venturi water washer is externally connected to the injection characteristic measurement circuit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种自吸式文丘里水洗器性能实验系统。The invention relates to a performance experiment system of a self-priming venturi water washer.
背景技术Background technique
反应堆发生堆芯熔融的严重事故时,大量的放射性物质会释放到安全壳中,造成安全壳内压力升高,当其内部压力超过安全限值时,安全壳过滤排放系统将通过主动卸压的方式将安全壳内的气体进行洗涤和过滤后排放到环境中,达到防止安全壳超压,尽可能的减少释放到环境中放射性物质的目的,因此安全壳过滤排放系统性能的优劣对于严重事故下核电站的安全性是至关重要的。When a severe reactor core melt accident occurs, a large amount of radioactive substances will be released into the containment, causing the pressure inside the containment to rise. The method is to wash and filter the gas in the containment and discharge it into the environment, so as to prevent the overpressure of the containment and reduce the release of radioactive substances into the environment as much as possible. The safety of the next nuclear power plant is of paramount importance.
由于文丘里水洗器具有结构简单、过滤效率高的优点,近年来已在核电厂安全壳过滤排放系统的设计中逐渐引起了人们的关注,并得到了一定的应用。但由核电非能动安全的需求,在安全壳过滤排放系统中无法采用目前在普通工业领域应用较成熟的文丘里水洗器,而需要具有特殊设计的自吸式文丘里水洗器。这种自吸式文丘里水洗器要能够在不需要外部动力的条件下实现安全壳排气中的放射性气溶胶、碘和甲基碘的有效过滤。由于核电的特殊性,当核电站发生严重事故时,大量放射性物质的释放将会威胁人类的生存环境,因此,在发生严重事故时,排放系统对放射性物质的过滤效率成为验证系统可靠性和安全性的重要标准,以致于在应用到安全壳过滤排放系统中的任何一套文丘里水洗器或其它过滤装置都必须经过严格的测试,但不能在实际的严重事故中来检验设备的可靠性,为此就需要一套能模拟各种事故条件下安全壳内高温高压高湿大气环境的系统,采用该系统来测试自吸式文丘里水洗器的性能,目前,国内外还未有公开发表的文献提及能用于测试自吸式文丘里水洗器性能的实验系统。Due to the advantages of simple structure and high filtration efficiency, Venturi water scrubber has gradually attracted people's attention in the design of containment filtration and discharge system of nuclear power plants in recent years, and has been applied to a certain extent. However, due to the passive safety requirements of nuclear power, the Venturi scrubber, which is currently more maturely used in the general industrial field, cannot be used in the containment filtration and discharge system, and a self-priming Venturi scrubber with a special design is required. This self-priming Venturi water scrubber should be able to effectively filter radioactive aerosols, iodine and methyl iodide in containment exhaust without external power. Due to the special nature of nuclear power, when a serious accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, the release of a large amount of radioactive substances will threaten the living environment of human beings. Therefore, in the event of a serious accident, the filtration efficiency of radioactive substances in the discharge system becomes the verification system reliability and safety. so that any set of Venturi scrubbers or other filtering devices applied to the containment filtration and drainage system must pass strict tests, but the reliability of the equipment cannot be tested in actual severe accidents, for Therefore, a system that can simulate the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-humidity atmospheric environment in the containment under various accident conditions is needed. This system is used to test the performance of the self-priming Venturi scrubber. At present, there is no published literature at home and abroad. Mention the experimental system that can be used to test the performance of self-priming venturi scrubbers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种自吸式文丘里水洗器性能实验系统,能够模拟各种事故条件下安全壳内大气环境,有效检验自吸式文丘里水洗器的性能。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-priming Venturi water scrubber performance experiment system, which can simulate the atmospheric environment in the containment under various accident conditions and effectively test the performance of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber.
实现本发明目的的技术方案:The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention:
一种自吸式文丘里水洗器性能实验系统,包括自吸式文丘里水洗器、数据采集系统,其特征在于:还包括空气供应回路、蒸汽供应回路、气体混合配送回路、进口取样段、自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路、出口取样段,空气供应回路的出口和蒸汽供应回路的出口汇合后接气体混合配送回路的进口,气体混合配送回路的出口接进口取样段,进口取样段的出口接自吸式文丘里水洗器,自吸式文丘里水洗器外接引射特性测量回路。A performance experiment system of a self-priming Venturi water scrubber, including a self-priming Venturi water scrubber and a data acquisition system, characterized in that it also includes an air supply circuit, a steam supply circuit, a gas mixing and distribution circuit, an inlet sampling section, a self- Suction Venturi water scrubber ejection characteristics measurement circuit, outlet sampling section, the outlet of the air supply circuit and the outlet of the steam supply circuit merge and then connect to the inlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit, the outlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit connects to the inlet sampling section, and the inlet sampling The outlet of the section is connected to the self-priming Venturi water washer, and the self-priming Venturi water washer is externally connected to the injection characteristic measurement circuit.
气体混合配送回路包括气体混合配送管路(65)、混合罐(32),气体混合配送管路(65)接混合罐(32)的进口,设有3个配送接口管(31),3个配送接口管(31)分别用于配送碘、有机碘、气溶胶,配送接口管(31)的端部位于气体混合配送管路(65)内。The gas mixing and distribution circuit includes a gas mixing and distribution pipeline (65) and a mixing tank (32). The gas mixing and distribution pipeline (65) is connected to the inlet of the mixing tank (32). The distribution mouthpieces (31) are respectively used to distribute iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol, and the ends of the distribution mouthpieces (31) are located in the gas mixing distribution pipeline (65).
自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路包括水泵(51)、平衡水箱(54),水泵(51)的进口接自吸式文丘里水洗器(37),水泵(51)的出口通过管路(64)接平衡水箱(54),管路(64)上设有调节阀(52)、涡轮流量计(53),平衡水箱(54)通过给水管路(56)接自吸式文丘里管(38)喉部的给水槽(40),平衡水箱的上部通过桥管(55)与自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)的上部连通;平衡水箱设有液位计(58),文丘里水洗器设有液位计(57)。The self-priming Venturi water washer injection characteristic measurement circuit includes a water pump (51), a balance water tank (54), the inlet of the water pump (51) is connected to the self-priming Venturi water washer (37), and the outlet of the water pump (51) passes through the pipe The road (64) is connected to the balance water tank (54), and the pipeline (64) is provided with a regulating valve (52), a turbine flowmeter (53), and the balance water tank (54) is connected to the self-priming Venturi through the water supply pipeline (56) The water supply tank (40) at the throat of the pipe (38), the upper part of the balance water tank communicates with the upper part of the self-priming Venturi water washer (37) through the bridge pipe (55); the balance water tank is provided with a liquid level gauge (58), and the Venturi The water washer is provided with a liquid level gauge (57).
还设有金属纤维过滤器(43),自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)顶部的出口通过三通阀(41)接金属纤维过滤器(43)的进口,三通阀(41)的另一接口与出口总管(66)相连通,金属纤维过滤器(43)的出口经截止阀(44)与出口总管(66)相连通;出口取样段包括3个出口取样接口管(46),3个出口取样接口管(46)分别用于取样碘、有机碘、气溶胶,出口取样接口管(46)的端部位于出口总管(66)的外端部内。Also be provided with metal fiber filter (43), the outlet on the top of self-priming Venturi water scrubber (37) connects the inlet of metal fiber filter (43) through three-way valve (41), and the other of three-way valve (41) One interface is connected with the outlet main pipe (66), and the outlet of the metal fiber filter (43) is connected with the outlet main pipe (66) through the stop valve (44); the outlet sampling section includes 3 outlet sampling interface pipes (46), 3 The outlet sampling mouthpieces (46) are respectively used for sampling iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol, and the ends of the outlet sampling mouthpieces (46) are located in the outer end of the outlet main pipe (66).
混合罐(32)的出口经倒U形管路(47)接自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)的进口;进口取样段包括3个进口取样接口管(33),3个进口取样接口管(33)分别用于取样碘、有机碘、气溶胶,进口取样接口管(33)的端部位于倒U形管路(47)的进口端部内。The outlet of the mixing tank (32) is connected to the inlet of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber (37) through an inverted U-shaped pipeline (47); the inlet sampling section includes 3 inlet sampling interface pipes (33), and 3 inlet sampling interface pipes (33) are respectively used for sampling iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol, and the end of the inlet sampling mouthpiece (33) is located in the inlet end of the inverted U-shaped pipeline (47).
空气供应回路结构为,空压机(1)、储气罐(4)、过滤器(7)、空气预热器(18)依次连接,空气预热器(18)的出口与气体混合配送管路(65)相连通;过滤器(7)设有3级过滤单元,过滤器(7)与空气预热器(18)之间的连接管路为3个并联的供气管路,3个供气管路管径各不相同。The structure of the air supply circuit is that the air compressor (1), air storage tank (4), filter (7), and air preheater (18) are connected in sequence, and the outlet of the air preheater (18) is connected to the gas mixing distribution pipe The filter (7) is equipped with a 3-stage filter unit, and the connecting pipeline between the filter (7) and the air preheater (18) is 3 parallel air supply pipelines, and 3 supply pipelines Airline tubing diameters vary.
蒸汽供应回路结构为,锅炉(19)接蒸汽过热器(29),蒸汽过热器(29)的出口与气体混合配送管路(65)相连通;锅炉(19)与蒸汽过热器(29)之间的连接管路为2个并联的供气管路,2个供气管路管径不相同。The structure of the steam supply circuit is that the boiler (19) is connected to the steam superheater (29), and the outlet of the steam superheater (29) is connected with the gas mixing and distribution pipeline (65); the connection between the boiler (19) and the steam superheater (29) The connecting pipelines are two parallel gas supply pipelines, and the diameters of the two gas supply pipelines are different.
配送接口管(31)端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相同;进口取样接口管(33)的端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相反。The end of the distribution interface pipe (31) is an elbow, and the bending direction is the same as the gas flow direction; the end of the inlet sampling interface pipe (33) is an elbow, and the bending direction is opposite to the gas flow direction.
混合罐(32)内设有2个隔板(62)和1个孔板(63),2个隔板(62)上下交错设置,2个隔板(62)位于孔板(63)的下方。There are 2 partitions (62) and 1 orifice plate (63) inside the mixing tank (32), the 2 partitions (62) are arranged alternately up and down, and the 2 partitions (62) are located below the orifice (63) .
金属纤维过滤器(43)底部的回流口经回流阀(45)接自吸式文丘里水洗器(37);自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)和金属纤维过滤器(43)采用法兰方式与外接管路相连。The return port at the bottom of the metal fiber filter (43) is connected to the self-priming Venturi water washer (37) through the return valve (45); the self-priming Venturi water washer (37) and the metal fiber filter (43) adopt flanges The way is connected with the external pipeline.
本发明具有的有益效果:The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
本发明包括空气供应回路、蒸汽供应回路、气体混合配送回路、进口取样段、自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路、出口取样段,空气供应回路的出口和蒸汽供应回路的出口汇合后接气体混合配送回路的进口,气体混合配送回路的出口接进口取样段,进口取样段的出口接自吸式文丘里水洗器,自吸式文丘里水洗器外接引射特性测量回路。本发明能够模拟各种事故条件下安全壳内大气环境,有效检验自吸式文丘里水洗器的过滤性能和引射特性。The invention includes an air supply circuit, a steam supply circuit, a gas mixing and distribution circuit, an inlet sampling section, a self-priming Venturi water scrubber ejection characteristic measurement circuit, an outlet sampling section, after the outlet of the air supply circuit and the outlet of the steam supply circuit merge It is connected to the inlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit, the outlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit is connected to the inlet sampling section, the outlet of the inlet sampling section is connected to the self-priming Venturi water washer, and the self-priming Venturi water washer is externally connected to the injection characteristic measurement circuit. The invention can simulate the atmospheric environment in the containment under various accident conditions, and effectively test the filtering performance and ejection characteristics of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber.
本发明气体混合配送回路设有3个配送接口管(31),3个配送接口管(31)分别用于配送碘、有机碘、气溶胶,能够模拟事故条件下安全壳内的碘、有机碘、气溶胶环境,气体混合配送回路的混合罐能保证配送物质的充分混合,改变配送物质,还可以模拟事故条件下安全壳内的其它大气环境。The gas mixing distribution circuit of the present invention is provided with 3 distribution interface pipes (31), and the 3 distribution interface pipes (31) are respectively used to distribute iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol, which can simulate iodine and organic iodine in the containment under accident conditions , Aerosol environment, the mixing tank of the gas mixing and distribution circuit can ensure the sufficient mixing of the distribution materials, change the distribution materials, and simulate other atmospheric environments in the containment under accident conditions.
引射量是衡量自吸式文丘里水洗器引射性能的重要参数,也是衡量水洗器过滤性能优劣的重要参数。通过本发明的自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路,可实现吸液量(引射量)间接测量,自吸式文丘里水洗器的给水管路(56)上无需安装流量计等阻力部件,通过吸液量与泵流量的平衡得到吸液量值,即通过水泵(51)的出口管路(64)上的涡轮流量计(53)测得吸液量,有效保证吸液量测量的真实性。通过本发明的自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路,能够完成自吸式文丘里水洗器引射量的准确测量,包括喉部不同淹没深度及喉部不同流速下的引射量测量,还可进行不同结构的文丘里水洗器的引射特性和阻力特性的试验研究。The injection volume is an important parameter to measure the injection performance of the self-priming Venturi scrubber, and it is also an important parameter to measure the filtration performance of the scrubber. Through the injection characteristic measurement circuit of the self-priming Venturi water washer of the present invention, the indirect measurement of the liquid absorption (injection amount) can be realized, and no flow meter, etc. need to be installed on the water supply pipeline (56) of the self-priming Venturi water washer The resistance part, the liquid absorption value is obtained through the balance between the liquid absorption volume and the pump flow rate, that is, the liquid absorption volume is measured by the turbine flowmeter (53) on the outlet pipeline (64) of the water pump (51), which effectively guarantees the liquid absorption volume The authenticity of the measurement. Through the self-priming Venturi water scrubber injection characteristic measurement circuit of the present invention, the accurate measurement of the injection volume of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber can be completed, including the measurement of the injection volume under different submerged depths of the throat and different flow velocities of the throat , but also carry out experimental research on the ejection characteristics and resistance characteristics of Venturi scrubbers with different structures.
本发明金属纤维过滤器(43)和自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)通过三通阀(41)连接,改变三通阀(41)的阀位改变气体走向,从而可以完成自吸式文丘里水洗器单独过滤性能测试或文丘里水洗器和金属纤维过滤器二者串联情况下的性能测试。The metal fiber filter (43) of the present invention is connected to the self-priming Venturi water scrubber (37) through a three-way valve (41), and the valve position of the three-way valve (41) is changed to change the direction of the gas, so that the self-priming Venturi water scrubber (37) can be completed. Filtration performance test of Li water washer alone or performance test of Venturi water washer and metal fiber filter in series.
本发明能够满足空气与蒸汽不同配比条件下的混合气供应需求,并且可以通过调节蒸汽过热器(29)及空气预热器(18)的加热功率改变混合气温度,在较大范围内模拟事故条件下安全壳内的大气环境。本发明空气供应回路和蒸汽供应回路分别有多条不同管径的供应管线,可以保证蒸汽流量和空气流量的准确测量,同时满足空气和蒸汽不同流量的配比需求,测量精度可达到0.5级。The present invention can meet the mixed gas supply requirements under different ratios of air and steam, and can change the temperature of the mixed gas by adjusting the heating power of the steam superheater (29) and the air preheater (18), simulating in a wide range Atmospheric environment inside containment under accident conditions. The air supply circuit and the steam supply circuit of the present invention have multiple supply pipelines with different diameters respectively, which can ensure accurate measurement of steam flow and air flow, and meet the ratio requirements of different flow rates of air and steam at the same time, and the measurement accuracy can reach 0.5 grade.
本发明混合罐(32)的出口经倒U形管路(47)接自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)的进口,可以有效防止自吸式文丘里水洗器内的化学溶液倒流至空气和蒸汽供应回路;混合罐(32)内设有2个隔板(62)和1个孔板(63),可以保证配送物质与气体的充分混合。本发明配送接口管(31)端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相同;进口取样接口管(33)的端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相反,更有助于配送物质、取样。金属纤维过滤器(43)下部装有回流阀(45),回流阀(45)可以保证滞留在金属纤维过滤器内的水分顺利回流至水洗器内。本发明自吸式文丘里水洗器(37)和金属纤维过滤器(43)采用法兰方式与外接管路相连,方便更换过滤设备。The outlet of the mixing tank (32) of the present invention is connected to the inlet of the self-priming Venturi water washer (37) through an inverted U-shaped pipeline (47), which can effectively prevent the chemical solution in the self-priming Venturi water washer from flowing back into the air and Steam supply circuit; the mixing tank (32) is provided with 2 partitions (62) and 1 orifice (63), which can ensure the full mixing of the distributed material and the gas. The end of the distribution mouthpiece (31) of the present invention is an elbow, and the bending direction is the same as the gas flow direction; the end of the inlet sampling mouthpiece (33) is an elbow, and the bending direction is opposite to the gas flow direction, which is more conducive to the distribution of substances ,sampling. The bottom of the metal fiber filter (43) is equipped with a backflow valve (45), and the backflow valve (45) can ensure that the moisture remaining in the metal fiber filter flows back smoothly into the water washer. The self-priming Venturi water washer (37) and the metal fiber filter (43) of the present invention are connected to the external pipeline by means of flanges, which facilitates the replacement of filtering equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention;
图2是配送接口区域的局部放大图;Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the distribution interface area;
图3是混合罐区域的局部放大图;Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the mixing tank area;
图4是进口取样段区域的局部放大图;Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the region of the inlet sampling section;
图5是自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路部分的局部放大图。Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the injection characteristic measurement circuit of the self-priming Venturi scrubber.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示,实验系统由自吸式文丘里水洗器、空气供应回路、蒸汽供应回路、气体混合配送回路、进口取样段、自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路、出口取样段及相应的数据采集系统构成,空气供应回路的出口和蒸汽供应回路的出口汇合后接气体混合配送回路的进口,气体混合配送回路的出口接进口取样段,进口取样段的出口接自吸式文丘里水洗器,自吸式文丘里水洗器外接引射特性测量回路。As shown in Figure 1, the experimental system consists of a self-priming Venturi water washer, an air supply circuit, a steam supply circuit, a gas mixing distribution circuit, an inlet sampling section, a self-priming Venturi water washer injection characteristic measurement circuit, and an outlet sampling section. and the corresponding data acquisition system, the outlet of the air supply circuit and the outlet of the steam supply circuit are connected to the inlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit, the outlet of the gas mixing distribution circuit is connected to the inlet sampling section, and the outlet of the inlet sampling section is connected to the self-priming Venturi Li water washer, self-priming Venturi water washer is externally connected to the injection characteristic measurement circuit.
如图1所示,空气供应回路由空压机1、储气罐4、过滤器7、空气预热器18依次连接构成,空压机1通过膨胀节2与止回阀3连接,止回阀3的另一端接储气罐4的入口,储气罐4上部有安全阀6,下部装有疏水阀5,储气罐4的出口接过滤器7,过滤器7的出口接减压阀8。减压阀后接有DN25、DN50、DN80三条并联的不同管径的供气管路,每条供气管路上都配备有相应的截止阀9、12、15、质量流量计10、13、16和调节阀11、14、17,三条供气管路最终汇和成一条管线与空气预热器18连接。空气预热器18的出口与气体混合配送管路65相连通(即空气供应回路的出口接气体混合配送回路的进口)。其中膨胀节2的作用为减小振动,止回阀3可以防止空气倒流至空压机1。过滤器7设有三级过滤单元,其过滤精度分别为3μm,1μm和0.01μm,采用三个不同精度的过滤器可以出去气体中携带的固体颗粒和微细油滴,保证空气的纯净度,避免气溶胶测量过程中因气体中所携带的固体颗粒而影响气溶胶过滤效率的准确性。减压阀8可以调节空气压力,以满足不同压力条件下空气的需求。所述三条不同管径的供气管路可以根据需要单独工作,以在较大范围内调节空气流量。空气预热器18可以加热空气,以满足对不同温度条件下空气的需求,同时在空气预热器后的管路采用保温材料包裹,防止热量散失。空气供应回路提供各种压力、温度、流量的空气,用于模拟各种条件下安全壳内的空气环境。As shown in Figure 1, the air supply circuit is composed of an air compressor 1, an air storage tank 4, a filter 7, and an air preheater 18 connected in sequence. The air compressor 1 is connected to the check valve 3 through the expansion joint 2, and the check valve The other end of the valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank 4, the upper part of the gas storage tank 4 has a safety valve 6, and the lower part is equipped with a steam trap 5, the outlet of the gas storage tank 4 is connected to the filter 7, and the outlet of the filter 7 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 8. The decompression valve is connected with DN25, DN50, DN80 three parallel gas supply pipelines of different diameters, and each gas supply pipeline is equipped with corresponding cut-off valves 9, 12, 15, mass flow meters 10, 13, 16 and regulators. The valves 11, 14, 17 and the three air supply pipelines are finally merged into one pipeline and connected to the air preheater 18. The outlet of the air preheater 18 is in communication with the gas mixing and distribution pipeline 65 (that is, the outlet of the air supply circuit is connected to the inlet of the gas mixing and distribution circuit). Wherein the function of the expansion joint 2 is to reduce the vibration, and the check valve 3 can prevent the air from flowing back to the air compressor 1 . The filter 7 is equipped with a three-stage filter unit, and its filtration precision is 3 μm, 1 μm and 0.01 μm respectively. Three filters with different precision can remove solid particles and fine oil droplets carried in the gas, so as to ensure the purity of the air and avoid During the aerosol measurement process, the accuracy of aerosol filtration efficiency is affected by the solid particles carried in the gas. The pressure reducing valve 8 can adjust the air pressure to meet the demand of air under different pressure conditions. The three air supply lines with different pipe diameters can work independently according to needs, so as to adjust the air flow in a wide range. The air preheater 18 can heat the air to meet the demand for air under different temperature conditions. At the same time, the pipeline behind the air preheater is wrapped with thermal insulation material to prevent heat loss. The air supply circuit provides air with various pressures, temperatures, and flows to simulate the air environment in the containment under various conditions.
如图1所示,蒸汽供应回路包括锅炉19、蒸汽过热器29,锅炉19通过截止阀20与调节阀21连接,调节阀21另一端与减压阀22连接,减压阀22另一端接有DN50和DN80两条并联的不同管径的蒸汽供应管路,蒸汽供应管路上都配备有相应的截止阀23、26、质量流量计24、27、调节阀25、28,两条蒸汽供应管路的出口汇合与蒸汽过热器29入口连接,蒸汽过热器29的出口与空气预热器18的出口汇合成一条管线(即空气供应回路的出口和蒸汽供应回路的出口汇合)。蒸汽过热器29的出口与气体混合配送管路65相连通(即蒸汽供应回路的出口接气体混合配送回路的进口)。蒸汽过热器29用于产生微过热蒸汽以去除锅炉所产生饱和蒸汽中夹带的液滴,同时保证蒸汽与空气混合后不发生冷凝,以避免凝液对气溶胶、碘和甲基碘取样过程造成的影响。所述减压阀22用于调节蒸汽压力,上述两条不同管径的蒸汽供应管路可以单独运行,以满足对不同蒸汽流量的需求,蒸汽过热器29用以进一步加热蒸汽,使锅炉产生的蒸汽微过热,保证蒸汽与空气混合后不发生冷凝。所述回路还有疏水阀48、49,用于预热管道时,排出因蒸汽冷凝产生的冷凝水,同时整个系统用保温材料包裹防止热量散失。蒸汽供应回路提供各种压力、温度、流量的蒸汽,用于模拟各种条件下安全壳内的蒸汽环境。As shown in Figure 1, the steam supply circuit includes a boiler 19 and a steam superheater 29, the boiler 19 is connected to a regulating valve 21 through a shut-off valve 20, the other end of the regulating valve 21 is connected to a pressure reducing valve 22, and the other end of the pressure reducing valve 22 is connected to a DN50 and DN80 are two parallel steam supply pipelines with different pipe diameters, and the steam supply pipelines are equipped with corresponding stop valves 23, 26, mass flow meters 24, 27, regulating valves 25, 28, and two steam supply pipelines The outlet of the steam superheater 29 is connected to the inlet of the steam superheater 29, and the outlet of the steam superheater 29 is merged with the outlet of the air preheater 18 to form a pipeline (that is, the outlet of the air supply circuit and the outlet of the steam supply circuit converge). The outlet of the steam superheater 29 is in communication with the gas mixing and distribution pipeline 65 (that is, the outlet of the steam supply circuit is connected to the inlet of the gas mixing and distribution circuit). The steam superheater 29 is used to generate slightly superheated steam to remove the liquid droplets entrained in the saturated steam produced by the boiler, and at the same time ensure that the steam does not condense after being mixed with air, so as to avoid the condensate from causing damage to the aerosol, iodine and methyl iodide sampling process. Impact. The pressure reducing valve 22 is used to adjust the steam pressure. The steam supply pipelines of the above two different pipe diameters can be operated independently to meet the needs of different steam flow rates. The steam superheater 29 is used to further heat the steam to make the steam produced by the boiler The steam is slightly superheated to ensure that the steam does not condense when mixed with air. The circuit also has steam traps 48 and 49, which are used to discharge the condensed water produced by steam condensation when the pipeline is preheated, and meanwhile the whole system is wrapped with thermal insulation material to prevent heat loss. The steam supply circuit provides steam with various pressures, temperatures, and flow rates to simulate the steam environment in the containment under various conditions.
如图1所示,气体混合配送回路包括气体混合配送管路65、混合罐32,气体混合配送管路65接混合罐32的进口,图2为配送接口区域59的局部放大图,如图2所示,设有3个配送接口管31,3个配送接口管31分别用于配送碘、有机碘、气溶胶,配送接口管31的端部位于气体混合配送管路65内,配送接口管31端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相同。气体混合配送管路65上设有止回阀30,用以防止配送物质向蒸汽及空气供应回路流动,防止配送物质对两条供应回路上仪表的损坏。图3为混合罐区域61的局部放大图,如图3所示,混合罐32内设有2个隔板62和1个孔板63,2个隔板62上下交错设置,2个隔板62位于孔板63的下方,其中隔板62用以改变气流进入混合罐后的流动方向,使配送物质与气体发生充分搅混,保证气体与配送物质的均匀混合,最后经孔板63的均流作用离开混合罐32。气体混合配送回路可模拟事故条件下安全壳内的碘、甲基碘、气溶胶环境,用于自吸式文丘里水洗器及金属纤维过滤器过滤性能的测试。As shown in Figure 1, the gas mixing and distribution circuit includes a gas mixing and distribution pipeline 65 and a mixing tank 32, and the gas mixing and distribution pipeline 65 is connected to the inlet of the mixing tank 32, and Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the distribution interface area 59, as shown in Figure 2 As shown, there are 3 distribution mouthpieces 31, and the 3 distribution mouthpieces 31 are respectively used for distributing iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol. The end is an elbow, and the bending direction is the same as the gas flow direction. The gas mixing distribution pipeline 65 is provided with a check valve 30 to prevent the distribution material from flowing into the steam and air supply circuits, and prevent the distribution material from damaging the instruments on the two supply circuits. Fig. 3 is the partially enlarged view of mixing tank area 61, as shown in Figure 3, is provided with 2 partitions 62 and 1 orifice 63 in the mixing tank 32, and 2 partitions 62 are alternately arranged up and down, and 2 partitions 62 Located under the orifice 63, the partition 62 is used to change the flow direction of the airflow after entering the mixing tank, so that the distribution material and the gas are fully mixed to ensure the uniform mixing of the gas and the distribution material, and finally through the flow equalization effect of the orifice 63 Leave the mixing tank 32. The gas mixing and distribution circuit can simulate the iodine, methyl iodide, and aerosol environment in the containment under accident conditions, and is used for testing the filtration performance of self-priming Venturi scrubbers and metal fiber filters.
如图1所示,混合罐32的出口经倒U形管路47接自吸式文丘里水洗器37的进口;图4是进口取样段区域60的局部放大图,如图4所示,进口取样段包括3个进口取样接口管33,3个进口取样接口管33分别用于取样碘、有机碘、气溶胶,进口取样接口管33的端部位于倒U形管路的进口端部内,进口取样接口管33的端部为弯管,弯曲方向与气体流动方向相反。如图1所示,倒U形管路47上还设有止回阀34、膨胀节35和截止阀36。倒U型水封管47可以起到隔离作用,倒U型的顶端要高于2倍的自吸式文丘里水洗器37内液位,防止自吸式文丘里水洗器37内的化学溶液倒流进入混合罐32及蒸汽和空气供应回路,以免化学溶液对测量仪器的腐蚀和损坏。As shown in Figure 1, the outlet of the mixing tank 32 is connected to the inlet of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber 37 through an inverted U-shaped pipeline 47; Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the inlet sampling section area 60, as shown in Figure 4, the inlet The sampling section includes 3 inlet sampling mouthpieces 33. The 3 inlet sampling mouthpieces 33 are used for sampling iodine, organic iodine and aerosol respectively. The end of the inlet sampling mouthpiece 33 is located in the inlet end of the inverted U-shaped pipeline. The end of the sampling mouthpiece 33 is an elbow, and the bending direction is opposite to the gas flow direction. As shown in FIG. 1 , a check valve 34 , an expansion joint 35 and a stop valve 36 are also provided on the inverted U-shaped pipeline 47 . Inverted U-shaped water seal pipe 47 can play an isolation role, and the top of the inverted U-shaped is higher than twice the liquid level in the self-priming Venturi water washer 37 to prevent the backflow of the chemical solution in the self-priming Venturi water washer 37 Enter the mixing tank 32 and the steam and air supply circuit to avoid corrosion and damage to the measuring instruments by the chemical solution.
如图1所示,还设有金属纤维过滤器43,自吸式文丘里水洗器37顶部的出口通过三通阀41接金属纤维过滤器43的进口,三通阀41的另一接口与出口总管66相连通,金属纤维过滤器43的出口经截止阀44与出口总管66相连通;金属纤维过滤器43底部的回流口经回流阀45接自吸式文丘里水洗器37。出口取样段包括3个出口取样接口管46,3个出口取样接口管46分别用于取样碘、有机碘、气溶胶,出口取样接口管46的端部位于出口总管66的外端部内。金属纤维过滤器43还外接截止阀42、44。三通阀41有两个作用,第一个作用是在验证自吸式文丘里水洗器37自身单独去除能力时隔离金属纤维过滤器43,第二个作用是在验证设备整体性能时,保证自吸式文丘里水洗器37和金属纤维过滤器43的串联运行。自吸式文丘里水洗器37和金属纤维过滤器43采用法兰方式与外接管路,可以方便拆卸;如果需对其它过滤设备的性能进行测试,则只需将过滤设备以法兰连接方式接入实验回路即可,即采用法兰连接方式可以方便更换过滤设备。As shown in Figure 1, a metal fiber filter 43 is also provided, and the outlet at the top of the self-priming Venturi water scrubber 37 is connected to the inlet of the metal fiber filter 43 through a three-way valve 41, and another interface of the three-way valve 41 is connected to the outlet. The main pipe 66 is connected, and the outlet of the metal fiber filter 43 is connected with the outlet main pipe 66 through the shut-off valve 44; The outlet sampling section includes three outlet sampling mouthpieces 46, which are respectively used for sampling iodine, organic iodine, and aerosol. The end of the outlet sampling mouthpiece 46 is located in the outer end of the outlet main pipe 66. The metal fiber filter 43 is also externally connected with stop valves 42 , 44 . The three-way valve 41 has two functions, the first function is to isolate the metal fiber filter 43 when verifying the self-priming Venturi water scrubber 37 self-removal ability alone, and the second function is to ensure the self-priming venturi water washer 37 when verifying the overall performance of the equipment. Suction venturi scrubber 37 and metal fiber filter 43 run in series. The self-priming Venturi water washer 37 and the metal fiber filter 43 adopt the flange method and the external pipeline, which can be easily disassembled; Just put it into the experimental circuit, that is, the flange connection method can facilitate the replacement of filter equipment.
图5是自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路部分39的局部放大图,如图5所示,自吸式文丘里水洗器引射特性测量回路包括水泵51、平衡水箱54,水泵51的进口接自吸式文丘里水洗器37,水泵51的出口通过管路64接平衡水箱54,管路64上设有调节阀52、涡轮流量计53,平衡水箱54通过给水管路56接自吸式文丘里管38喉部的给水槽40,其中给水槽40的作用是保证给水能够均匀的分配到喉部各个小孔,平衡水箱的上部通过桥管55与自吸式文丘里水洗器37的上部连通,使二者气空间压力相等,从而保证文丘里喉部内外背压相同;平衡水箱设有液位计58,文丘里水洗器设有液位计57,分别用于观测平衡水箱和文丘里水洗器的液位。给水管路56的流量即为文丘里的引射量,然而如果在给水管路56上加阀门或流量计,虽然可以直接得到引射量,但会使给水管路56的流动阻力增大,从而影响引射量测量的真实性,因此,给水管路56上并未设任何阀门和流量计,文丘里的引射量通过间接的方法测量。在正常实验时,保持自吸式文丘里水洗器37和平衡水箱54的初始液位相同,如果调节阀52及水泵51关闭,则平衡水箱54内的水由于自吸式文丘里管38的引射作用而逐渐减少,平衡水箱54的液位降低,为了保持平衡水箱54液位不变,启动泵51,通过调节阀52调节进入平衡水箱54的水流量,当平衡水箱54液位保持不变并且与自吸式文丘里水洗器37的液位相同时,就表示由水泵51所补充到平衡水箱54内的水量恰好与通过给水管路56进入自吸式文丘里管38的水流量相同,也就是说,涡轮流量计53的读数即为自吸式文丘里管38的引射量,同时改变自吸式文丘里水洗器37内液位可以测量喉部不同淹没条件下文丘里的引射量。为了减小流动阻力,管线采用大直径的管子,并且管长要尽量短。Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the injection characteristic measurement circuit part 39 of the self-priming Venturi water washer, as shown in Fig. The inlet of the pump is connected to the self-priming Venturi water scrubber 37, and the outlet of the water pump 51 is connected to the balance water tank 54 through the pipeline 64. The pipeline 64 is provided with a regulating valve 52 and a turbine flowmeter 53, and the balance water tank 54 is connected to the The water supply tank 40 at the throat of the suction venturi tube 38, wherein the function of the water supply tank 40 is to ensure that the water supply can be evenly distributed to each small hole in the throat, and the upper part of the balance water tank passes through the bridge pipe 55 and the self-priming Venturi water washer 37 The upper part of the venturi is connected so that the air space pressures of the two are equal, thereby ensuring the same internal and external back pressure of the Venturi throat; the balance water tank is provided with a liquid level gauge 58, and the Venturi water scrubber is provided with a liquid level gauge 57, which are respectively used to observe the balance water tank and the venturi throat. Fluid level of the Venturi scrubber. The flow rate of the water supply pipeline 56 is the ejection volume of Venturi. However, if a valve or a flow meter is added to the water supply pipeline 56, although the injection volume can be obtained directly, the flow resistance of the water supply pipeline 56 will increase. Thereby affecting the authenticity of the ejection amount measurement, therefore, no valves and flowmeters are set on the water supply pipeline 56, and the ejection amount of Venturi is measured indirectly. During normal experiment, keep the initial liquid level of self-priming Venturi water washer 37 and balance water tank 54 the same, if regulating valve 52 and water pump 51 are closed, then the water in the balance water tank 54 is due to the suction of self-priming Venturi tube 38 In order to keep the liquid level of the balance water tank 54 constant, start the pump 51 and adjust the flow of water entering the balance water tank 54 through the regulating valve 52. When the liquid level of the balance water tank 54 remains unchanged And when the liquid level of the self-priming Venturi water washer 37 is the same, it means that the amount of water added to the balance water tank 54 by the water pump 51 is just the same as the water flow entering the self-priming Venturi pipe 38 through the water supply pipeline 56, That is to say, the reading of the turbine flowmeter 53 is the ejection amount of the self-priming Venturi pipe 38, and changing the liquid level in the self-priming Venturi scrubber 37 can measure the ejection of the venturi under different submerged conditions of the throat. quantity. In order to reduce the flow resistance, the pipeline adopts a large-diameter pipe, and the pipe length should be as short as possible.
本发明数据采集系统包括相应的温度、压力及流量的测量仪表,数据采集板,计算机及将测量仪表与数据采集板相连的导线等,此为现有技术。在实验过程中,各测量仪表将相应的温度、压力及流量等信号转化为电信号,传输给数据采集板,数据采集板接收并记录下相应的信号,并将电信号转化为温度、压力及流量的实际值显示于计算机屏幕上。The data acquisition system of the present invention includes corresponding measuring instruments for temperature, pressure and flow, a data acquisition board, a computer and wires connecting the measuring instruments with the data acquisition board, etc., which is prior art. During the experiment, each measuring instrument converts the corresponding temperature, pressure and flow signals into electrical signals, and transmits them to the data acquisition board. The data acquisition board receives and records the corresponding signals, and converts the electrical signals into temperature, pressure and flow rates. The actual value of the flow rate is displayed on the computer screen.
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