CN103438931A - Integrated moist steam flow dryness measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Integrated moist steam flow dryness measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An integrated moist steam flow dryness measuring device comprises a double-Venturi tube. The double-Venturi tube is composed of an input Venturi tube and an output Venturi tube which are connected in series, the diameter of a port of the input Venturi tube is equal to the diameter of a port of the output Venturi tube but the diameter ratio of the throat part of the input Venturi tube is not equal to the diameter ratio of the throat part of the output Venturi tube. The input Venturi tube and the output Venturi tube are connected with differential pressure measuring devices for measuring the differential pressure of the throat parts of the input Venturi tube and the output Venturi tube. The input Venturi tube is further connected with a pressure measuring device used for measuring the pressure of a pipeline of the input Venturi tube. Preferably, each differential pressure measuring device comprises a condenser and a pressure difference transmitter, wherein the condenser is connected with a throat pipeline of the corresponding Venturi tube, and the pressure difference transmitter is connected with a pipeline of the condenser. By means of the integrated moist steam flow dryness measuring device, the total flow and dryness of the moist can be calculated on line in real time due to the fact that the two Venturi tubes with different structures are connected in series.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal measurement technical field, it is related to a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method.
Background technology
Moist steam is that a kind of vapour phase is that continuous phase, liquid phase are disperse phase and the vehicle repair major mixture with steady flow structure.The flow of moist steam, mass dryness fraction are the important parameters of Experiment of Thermophysics research and equipment operation；Such as, the flow of moist steam, mass dryness fraction are larger to the operation security implication of the process heat reactor of the low mass dryness fraction Natural Circulation of low temperature；Several grade blades in steam turbine end of nuclear power station, steam quality directly affects the leaf longevity and turbine efficiency of steam turbine；In the industry such as chemical industry, food processing, pharmacy, the quality of the flow of steam and the control of mass dryness fraction and product has important relationship；In petroleum thermal recovery, the economy important of the flow and mass dryness fraction of the HTHP moist steam injected to oil reservoir to oil recovery.
Because the presence of liquid phase make it that vapour phase actual flow velocity increases in moist steam, two alternate energy loss increases, so as to cause in flow measurement, the result of gained is higher than actual vapour phase flow value, produces virtual height.Because wet steam flow, dryness measurement are for the application important in inhibiting in engineering, in current commercial Application also without can measure in real time, the moist steam measuring instrument of degree of accuracy height, long lifespan, dependable performance and better economy.
Venturi tube is a kind of throttle-type flow sensor developed according to Venturi effect, is a kind of standard throttle apparatus.The profile of a Venturi tube as shown in Figure 3, the inlet and outlet bore that single Venturi tube includes is identical and homogeneous, there is a bore to be less than the throat of inlet and outlet internal diameter in the middle part of Venturi tube, throat bore d and bore D at import or export is than the diameter ratio for Venturi tube, and the inclination angle of the bore contraction place of Venturi tube is the angle of flare δ of Venturi tube.When it flows through the throttling element in pipeline, flow velocity will form local contraction, thus flow velocity increase, static pressure reduction at venturi throat, then just generate pressure difference behind section Venturi tube larynx throat.Fluid flow is bigger, and the pressure difference of generation is bigger, and the size of flow can be so weighed according to pressure difference.This measuring method is based on flowing continuity equation (mass conservation law) and Bernoulli equation (law of conservation of energy).
Double-venturi tube concept of the prior art is generally to use internal hidden type structure, and the Venturi tube that an external diameter is less than outside Venturi tube internal diameter is also surrounded by inside the larger outside Venturi tube of internal diameter.For example in Chinese patent CN201020105775.2 a kind of internal hidden double-venturi-tube is disclosed, flow is calculated by measuring two venturi throat pressure differences.
The content of the invention
To be measured in real time moist steam in commercial Application, the present invention provides a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method.
The invention discloses a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, including double-venturi tube, the double-venturi tube inputs Venturi tube, output Venturi tube and linkage section connecting the two than different, port diameter identical by throat diameter and constituted；The input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube are all connected with the device for pressure measurement being also associated with the differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure difference, the input Venturi tube or output Venturi tube or linkage section connecting the two for measuring its pipeline pressure.
The device has different virtual height characteristics when being measured using the Venturi tube of two different structures moist steam, the method of Binding experiment sets up fluid numerical value simulation method, the virtual height equation of Venturi tube under different structure is obtained, the flow and mass dryness fraction of moist steam can be obtained by equation solution.
The first preferred embodiment of measurement apparatus based on above-mentioned basic scheme is：The differential pressure measurement device includes the condensing unit being connected with venturi throat pipeline, and the pressure difference transmitter being connected with condensing unit pipeline.
Second of preferred embodiment of the measurement apparatus based on above-mentioned basic scheme be：The device for pressure measurement is the pressure transmitter being connected with condensing unit pipeline.
The third preferred embodiment of second of preferred embodiment based on measurement apparatus is：Needle-valve is installed on the pipeline that the pressure transmitter is connected with condensing unit.It is easy to the metering of pressure transmitter, changes and safeguard.
4th kind of preferred embodiment of second of preferred embodiment based on measurement apparatus be：The input of the pressure difference transmitter is also equipped with three valve groups.It is easy to the zeroing and maintenance of pressure difference transmitter.
5th kind of preferred embodiment of second of preferred embodiment based on measurement apparatus be：Blowoff valve is also associated with the pipeline of connection pressure difference transmitter and condensing unit.In Fouling Cleaning, sewage can be discharged from pipeline by blowoff valve.
6th kind of preferred embodiment of the measurement apparatus based on above-mentioned basic scheme be：The differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement are all connected with data processing module.Computational methods can be inputted to the module, the quick result of calculation of computer and On-line sampling system is realized.
The invention also discloses a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method, using steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as previously described, comprise the following steps：
Step 1. measures the virtual height equation coefficient of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
；
Moist steam to be measured is passed through throat's pressure difference of input Venturi tube, measurement input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube by step 2.
、
And the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube；The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
；According to
、
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
；
And according to
Calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With；Wherein
For the throat section area of Venturi tube；
1. step 3. utilizes equation group
Solution draws steam flow to be measuredWith mass dryness fraction x.
Specifically, the step 1 is specially：
A certain amount of single-phase water is passed through input Venturi tube by step 101. by heating generation steam, steam, measurement single-phase water
Flow
, the mass dryness fraction x in double-venturi tube inlet or exit；
Throat's pressure difference of measurement input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
、And the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube；The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
；According to
、
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
；
And according to
Calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tubeWith；Wherein
For the throat section area of Venturi tube.
1. step 102. utilizes equation group
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient for drawing input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
。
Specifically, the density that steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
To be drawn according to IAPWS-IF97 criterion calculations.
Specifically, the Interception coefficien of the Venturi tubeComputational methods be：
Step 201. basisCalculate pressure ratio
, isentropic index is calculated according to IAPWS-IF97 standards and pipeline pressure P
；
Step 202. basis
, calculate inflatable coefficient
；
Step 203. basis
, calculate Interception coefficien；
β in the step 202 and step 203 is the diameter ratio of Venturi tube
Using wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, connected by two Venturi tubes of different structure, moist steam total flow and mass dryness fraction can be calculated in real time online.
Wet steam flow-mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, by using high-precision pressure and pressure difference transmitter and high precision collecting module, the moist steam total flow and mass dryness fraction obtained by model modification method, measurement error is less than 10%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 shows a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of double-venturi tube of the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the parameter meaning schematic diagram of traditional Venturi tube；
Fig. 4 shows that the present invention carries out a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of subsequent treatment to data measured；
Reference is entitled in each figure：1. the valve group 11. of 6. needle-valve of double-venturi tube 2. condensing unit, 3. pressure difference transmitter, 4. pressure transmitter, the 5. blowoff valve 7. 3 input Venturi tube 12. output input output input Venturi tube differential pressure measurement of venturi throat 16. of venturi throat 15. of Venturi tube 14. of linkage section 13. area 17. exports Venturi tube differential pressure measurement area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment to the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention discloses a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, including double-venturi tube 1, and the double-venturi tube inputs Venturi tube, output Venturi tube and linkage section connecting the two than different, port diameter identical by throat diameter and constituted.Connected using diameter than different double-venturi tubes for measuring dryness of wet steam and flow, the steam flow, pressure and mass dryness fraction for flowing through double-venturi tube are equal everywhere in theory, so that can once measure two different venturi throat pressure differences, two different virtual height characteristic equations are built, are easy to joint solution to draw dryness of wet steam and flow.
The input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube are all connected with the differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure difference, also including the device for pressure measurement for measuring its pipeline pressure.Device for pressure measurement may be mounted in input Venturi tube, linkage section or output Venturi tube.
When tested wet steam flow is through double-venturi tube, flow velocity will form local contraction in input Venturi tube and output venturi throat, thus flow velocity increase, static pressure is reduced, and differential pressure is then just generated before and after venturi throat, liquid phase is discrete in vapour phase in moist steam, the difference of relative velocity in flow process, alternate energy loss is result in, is finally reflected in the differential pressure before and after venturi throat, causes the virtual height of measured value.And the venturi tube structure connected has the influence of regularity to virtual height, different Venturi tubes has different virtual height equations.
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention is used as one-shot measurement element by two throat diameters than different Venturi tubes, differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement measure throat's pressure difference of two Venturi tubes and the pipeline pressure of input Venturi tube, by calculating, wet steam flow to be measured and dryness of wet steam can be obtained.Differential pressure measurement device is separately mounted to input the input Venturi tube differential pressure measurement area 16 of venturi throat 14 and the output Venturi tube differential pressure measurement area 17 of output venturi throat 15.
Processing to measurement data can be completed using computer, it is preferred that, wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention also includes the data processing module being connected with differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement, and the data processing module has various implementations in the art.Fig. 4 provides a kind of workflow of embodiment of data processing module of the present invention, distribution conversion is carried out after measuring input venturi throat pressure differential deltap P1, output venturi throat pressure differential deltap P2 and input Venturi tube pipeline pressure P, 24V.DC power supplys are provided to transmitter with electric transducer, and 4 ~ 20mA.DC signal isolations that transmitter is produced are transformed to 4 ~ 20mA.DC signals to collecting unit.The data such as the moist steam total flow, integrated flow and the dryness of wet steam that are obtained after collecting unit, processing unit and display unit, and show on the display unit.
A kind of embodiment of above-mentioned differential pressure measurement device is that to steam sampling, condensing unit, such as drainer are provided with pipeline from venturi throat introduction pipe.After steam is by condensation, it is re-fed into the pressure difference transmitter being connected with condensing unit pipeline and measures.The device for pressure measurement being connected with input Venturi tube is preferably pressure transmitter, and the pressure for inputting Venturi tube is measured.Pressure transmitter is that one kind receives pressure variations, after sensing and transducing, and pressure variety is converted to the instrument of standard output signals by a certain percentage.Pressure difference transmitter is used for the liquid level, density and pressure for measuring liquid, gas and steam, is then converted into curtage signal output.
Condensing unit and pressure difference transmitter junction can install blowoff valve 5, may have dirt deposition inside condensing unit and pipeline after measurement apparatus long-play, in Fouling Cleaning, and sewage is discharged from pipeline by blowoff valve 5.One needle-valve 6 is preferably installed on the pipeline that pressure transmitter 4 is connected with condensing unit, it is easy to the metering of pressure transmitter, changes and safeguard, it is balanced valve that the valve in the middle of three valve groups 7, three valve groups can also be installed in each front end of pressure difference transmitter 3, and other two are pipe break valve.The valve of both sides is closed when transmitter needs metering, when transmitter is installed, balanced valve, regulation transmitter to zero-bit is opened.
After virtual height performance data of two Venturi tubes under different moist steam operating modes is obtained, digital simulation method is set up according to experimental data, the virtual height performance data under different pressures, flow and mass dryness fraction is obtained by method for numerical simulation again, the virtual height equation of two Venturi tubes is obtained.
According to J.W. Murdock formula, with reference to the single-phase flow rate calculation formula to Venturi tube, the virtual height equation of input venturi is：
Output Venturi tube virtual height equation be：
Wherein：
The physical meaning of parameters is：
The virtual height vapour phase flow of-measurement, units/kg/s；
,
- two Venturi tube virtual height equation coefficients；
,
The throat's pressure difference produced when-wet steam flow is through two Venturi tubes, unit is Pascal；
、
- equivalent liquid, vapour phase individually flow through the differential pressure of Venturi tube, and unit is Pascal；
1 in parameters subscript represents the corresponding parameter of input Venturi tube, and 2 represent the corresponding parameter of output Venturi tube
So the mass flow of dry saturated steam can be expressed as：
（4）
Pass through transformation equation（4）, it can be deduced that Lockhart-Martinelli parameters X：
Equation（5）Substitute into equation（2）, it can be deduced that the mass flow of dry saturated steam：
According to equation（3）, with reference to equation（5）With equation (6), it can be deduced that the mass flow of the water in moist steam：
With reference to equation（6）With equation (7), it can be deduced that the total flow and mass dryness fraction of moist steam：
It is above-mentioned（8）-（9）1. formula simultaneous constitutes equation group, and throat's pressure difference of input Venturi tube can be measured by two differential pressure measurement devices
With throat's pressure difference of output Venturi tube
；By device for pressure measurement it is measurable go out manifold pressure P.By IAPWS-IF97 standards, the liquid and vapor capacity density and pressure of saturation water are all monotropic functions, therefore can calculate by pressure P the density of steam
With the density of saturation water
, the area of two venturi throatsIt can be measured by internal diameter measuring instrument in design；
The coefficient that dams of Venturi tube：
Different types of Venturi tube has different efflux coefficient C, wherein, provided according to GB/T 2624.4-2006, the classical venturi tube for being machined contraction section, efflux coefficient C=0.995 may expand coefficient
, β is diameter ratio.May expand coefficient calculating formula is：
In formula：
For isentropic index, it can be calculated by IAPWS-IF97 standards.For pressure ratio, calculating formula is：
According to explanation combination equation above（13）, the virtual height flow of two venturi can be calculated
With
。
（13）
In variousWith
, can be derived that by experimental data and numerical simulation.A kind of specific metering system is：
A certain amount of single-phase water is passed through input Venturi tube by heating generation steam, steam, the flow of single-phase water is measured
Throat's pressure difference of measurement input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube、
And the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube；The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure PWith the density of saturation water
；According to equation（10）-（12）And measure what is drawn
、, P and Venturi tube relevant parameter calculate the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
；
And according to
Calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
；Wherein
For the throat section area of Venturi tube.
Using equation group 1.
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient for drawing input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
。
Above-mentioned calculating process can write software in advance and be stored in foregoing data processing module, call software program to complete computing during measurement.
Double-venturi tube of the present invention is by series connection and port diameter is identical but throat diameter is constituted than different input Venturi tubes and output Venturi tube.Connected using diameter than different double-venturi tubes for measuring dryness of wet steam and flow, the steam flow, pressure and mass dryness fraction for flowing through double-venturi tube are equal everywhere in theory, so that can once measure two different venturi throat pressure differences, two different virtual height characteristic equations are built, are easy to joint solution to draw dryness of wet steam and flow.
Using wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, 0.7 and 0.4 are taken respectively in the diameter ratio of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube, angle of flare takes 15 degree and 12 degree respectively, when connecting segment length for 10 times of linkage section diameters, measure various flows and temperature, and during the different moist steam of gas phase liquid phase component, error is normally controlled within 5%, no more than 10%.
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention has different virtual height characteristics when being measured using the Venturi tube of two different structures moist steam, the method of Binding experiment sets up fluid numerical value simulation method, the virtual height equation of Venturi tube under different structure is obtained, the flow and mass dryness fraction of moist steam are obtained by equation solution.The device movement-less part, parts need not be replaced, it is radiationless, the features such as with simple in construction, strong adaptability, the present apparatus can carry out wet steam flow and dryness measurement, and the wet steam flow and dryness measurement being adapted under different occasions online.
Previously described each preferred embodiment for the present invention, preferred embodiment in each preferred embodiment is if not substantially contradictory or premised on a certain preferred embodiment, each preferred embodiment can arbitrarily stack combinations use, design parameter in the embodiment and embodiment is merely to clearly state the invention verification process of inventor, and it is not used to the scope of patent protection of the limitation present invention, the scope of patent protection of the present invention is still defined by its claims, the equivalent structure change that every specification and accompanying drawing content with the present invention is made, similarly it should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, it is characterised in that including double-venturi tube, the double-venturi tube inputs Venturi tube, output Venturi tube and linkage section connecting the two than different, port diameter identical by throat diameter and constituted；
The input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube are all connected with the device for pressure measurement being also associated with the differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure difference, the input Venturi tube or output Venturi tube or linkage section for measuring its pipeline pressure.
2. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The differential pressure measurement device includes the condensing unit (2) being connected with venturi throat pipeline, and the pressure difference transmitter (3) being connected with condensing unit pipeline.
3. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The device for pressure measurement is the pressure transmitter (4) being connected with condensing unit (2) pipeline.
4. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Needle-valve (6) is installed on the pipeline that the pressure transmitter (3) is connected with condensing unit (2).
5. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The input of the pressure difference transmitter (3) is also equipped with three valve groups (7).
6. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Blowoff valve (5) is also associated with the pipeline of connection pressure difference transmitter (3) and condensing unit (2).
7. the wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：Also include data processing module, the differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement are all connected with data processing module.
8. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method, it is characterised in that use steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 6, comprise the following steps：
Step 1. measures the virtual height equation coefficient of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tubeWith
；
Moist steam to be measured is passed through throat's pressure difference of input Venturi tube, measurement input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube by step 2.
、
And the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube；The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
；According to
、
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
；
And according to
Calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
；Wherein
For the throat section area of Venturi tube；
1. step 3. utilizes equation group
Solution draws steam flow to be measured
With mass dryness fraction x.
9. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the step 1 is specially：
A certain amount of single-phase water is passed through input Venturi tube by step 101. by heating generation steam, steam, measurement single-phase water
Flow
, the mass dryness fraction x in double-venturi tube inlet or exit；
Throat's pressure difference of measurement input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube、
And the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube；The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
；According to
、
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
；
And according toCalculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
；Wherein
For the throat section area of Venturi tube；
1. step 102. utilizes equation group
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient for drawing input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
With
。
10. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the density that steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
With the density of saturation water
To be drawn according to IAPWS-IF97 criterion calculations.
11. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the Interception coefficien of the Venturi tubeComputational methods be：
Step 201. basis
Calculate pressure ratio, isentropic index is calculated according to IAPWS-IF97 standards and pipeline pressure P
；
Step 202. basis
, calculate inflatable coefficient
；
Step 203. basis
, calculate Interception coefficien
；
β in the step 202 and step 203 is the diameter ratio of Venturi tube.
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| CN105091956A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-25 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Engine air intake flow measuring device and engine system |
| CN105675070A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-06-15 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Irregular Venturi flowmeter and method for measuring gas-liquid phase flow in multiphase flow by utilization of irregular Venturi flowmeter |
| CN106768117A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-05-31 | 天津大学 | A kind of dryness of wet steam flow double parameter measuring method |
| CN107265563A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-10-20 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of tandem Venturi tube cavitation apparatus |
| CN107389747A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-24 | 东北石油大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase dryness measurement system |
| CN107843308A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-27 | 无锡洋湃科技有限公司 | A kind of flux of moisture measurement apparatus based on exemption level radioactive source |
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| CN107389747A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-24 | 东北石油大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase dryness measurement system |
| CN107265563A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-10-20 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of tandem Venturi tube cavitation apparatus |
| CN107843308A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-27 | 无锡洋湃科技有限公司 | A kind of flux of moisture measurement apparatus based on exemption level radioactive source |
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