The carbon fiber that can repeat ablation use strengthens the preparation method of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method that a kind of carbon fiber that repeats ablation use strengthens ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material, strengthen ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material situ at carbon fiber and introduce the rare earth compounds such as La, Y, Yb, Sc, can develop a kind of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material that can repeat ablation property that has.
Background technology
Continuous Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide Composites (C/SiC) is a kind of desirable high-temperature structural material, there is the series of advantages such as high temperature resistant, low density, high strength, anti-thermal shock, have a wide range of applications at space industry, but when temperature exceedes 1700 DEG C, C/SiC initiatively oxidation loses surperficial SiO
2protective layer, anti-ablation and antioxidant property sharply decline and cause component failure.Superhigh temperature ceramics has the series of advantages such as high fusing point, high rigidity, hot strength, be considered to the candidate material under extreme heat chemical environment, therefore in C/SiC matrix material, add superhigh temperature ceramic material and become a kind of effective ways that improve its hot stage Burning corrosion resistance energy.ZrB
2, ZrC, HfB
2, HfC is because its good chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, relatively low density become the emphasis of research.Document " Yiguang Wang, Xiaojuan Zhu, Litong Zhang, Laifei Cheng.C/C-SiC-ZrC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration with Si
0.87zr
0.13alloy[J] Ceramics International38 (2012) 4337-4334 " in the C/C-SiC-ZrC matrix material that obtains there is good anti-oxidant and Burning corrosion resistance energy.The people such as Wang Yiguang, Pi Huilong adopts the standby C/SiC-ZrB of reactive melt infiltration legal system
2-ZrC matrix material has higher flexural strength, owing to forming Zr-Si-O glass and ZrO
2-SiO
2its linear ablative rate of successive layers only has 0.002mm/s.
But, under high temperature and blast air souring, ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material SiO
2protective layer highly volatile runs off, and ZrO
2, HfO
2in the process of temperature variation, follow the transformation of crystal formation Deng oxidation products, volume change forms loose porous structure, and material surface lacks effective protective layer, makes above-mentioned materials be difficult to bear repetition ablation, and what greatly reduce material can repeating utilization factor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solving
For fear of the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of the carbon fiber enhancing ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material that repeats ablation use, strengthen ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material situ at carbon fiber and introduce the rare earth compounds such as La, Y, Yb, Sc, develop a kind of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material that can repeat ablation property that has.
Technical scheme
The carbon fiber that repeats ablation use strengthens a preparation method for ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1, prepare composite preform: adopt CVI densifying method to prepare carbon-fiber reinforced carbon C/C or carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide C/SiC composite preform, adopt ultrasonic cleaning precast body to be no less than 30 minutes, in the baking oven of 80 DEG C~100 DEG C, dry and obtain clean dry precast body; The ventilate rate of described precast body is 20vol%~30vol%;
Step 2, prepare slurry: C organic precursor and hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, then add containing rare earth metal presoma ball milling and obtain slurry; 0.1 times of the quality of the organic precursor that described hexamethylenetetramine quality is C; Described rare earth metal presoma and C organosilane precursor body mass ratio are 2:1~10:1; The viscosity of the content control slurry of described dehydrated alcohol is 50~100mPas;
Step 3, vacuum pressure impregnation: by carbon fabric perform in vacuum tightness be-0.08MPa~-0.10MPa, pressure is to be immersed in slurry under the environment of 0.8MPa~1.0MPa, and rare earth metal presoma and C organic precursor in slurry are impregnated in precast body;
Step 4, curing cracking: the material that dipping is completed is dry 4-10 hour in 80 DEG C of-100 DEG C of baking ovens are solidified 30~60 minutes in 130 DEG C~150 DEG C baking ovens, and then 2 hours cracking organic C presomas of lower 900 DEG C~1800 DEG C thermal treatments of argon shield;
Step 5, reactive melt infiltration RMI: under hot conditions and vacuum condition, superalloy is infiltrated to the material of step 4 gained and generate ultrahigh-temperature phase with C organosilane precursor precursor reactant original position, obtain repeating ablation carbon fiber and strengthen ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material; Does is described superalloy? The temperature of described hot conditions exceeds 100 DEG C~150 DEG C than the alloy melting point of the superalloy of selecting.
In described step 2, replace rare earth compound using rare earth oxide water-based slurry and prepare slurry as presoma, method is that to add massfraction be in the sodium cellulosate CMC aqueous solution of 0.5%-1% and ball milling obtains slurry for 24 hours above by rare-earth oxide.
CVI method for densifying in described step 1 substitutes with PIP method for densifying.
The rare earth compound that described step 2 is introduced is the inorganic salt that dissolve in ethanol and the organic precursor of Yb or Sc non radioactive element in Y and La series elements or the rare-earth oxide that is insoluble to ethanol.
Described C organic precursor is resol, furane resin or silane resin.
Described superalloy is silicon, zirconium, silicon zirconium, silicon-hafnium, silicon tantalum, copper silicon, zirconium copper or the alloy that can generate with C organic precursor corresponding carbide in pyroreaction.
Beneficial effect
A kind of carbon fiber that repeats ablation use that the present invention proposes strengthens the preparation method of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material, adopt vacuum pressure impregnation binding reactive melt infiltration to strengthen in ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material in traditional carbon fibres, reduce SiO under high temperature to play adding of the thuliums such as La, Y, Yb, Sc
2volatilization, stablize ZrO
2/ HfO
2the effect of crystal formation and generation rare earth zirconate or rare earth hafnates.After ablation, material surface forms vitreous state SiO
2be filled in ZrO
2/ HfO
2between, and be mixed with the tight zone of rare earth zirconate/rare earth hafnates, and material is played to good protection, make the ablative possibility that becomes that repeats of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material.
The invention solves SiO under existing carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material Yin Gaowen
2the volatile flow ZrO that becomes estranged
2, HfO
2change in differing temps lower volume and cause zone of oxidation loose porous Deng oxidation products, easily avalanche, cannot carry out repeating the problem of ablation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: C/SiC-ZrC-L
athe low multiple backscattered electron of matrix material section Photomicrograph.
Fig. 2: the high multiple backscattered electron of C/SiC-ZrC-La matrix material section Photomicrograph.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1
Composite preform preparation: adopt CVI technique, by propylene pyrolysis at 960 DEG C, at carbon fiber surface deposition PyC interphase, utilize hydrogen that MTS is written into cvd furnace, at 1000 DEG C, cracking MTS under 5KPa pressure, deposition SiC matrix, the C/SiC composite preform ultrasonic cleaning that to obtain ventilate rate be 20vol% at least 30 minutes is dried and is obtained clean dry precast body in the baking oven of 80 DEG C.
Slurry preparation: resol, hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, then add La (NO
3)
3xH
2o ball milling obtain slurry for 24 hours above; Resol and nitrate ratio are 1:3, and hexamethylenetetramine quality is 0.1 times of resol quality; The viscosity of the content control slurry by dehydrated alcohol is 50~100mPas.
Vacuum pressure impregnation: C/SiC precast body and slurry are put into vacuum tank simultaneously, but do not contact with each other, vacuumize 20 minutes, make vacuum tightness be-0.08MPa~-0.10MPa, after say that precast body immerses in slurry pressurize 30 minutes, slowly air pressure is risen to 0.8MPa, pressurize is taken out for 30 minutes.
Solidify cracking: the material of preparation in step 3 is dried to 4 hours in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, in 130 DEG C~150 DEG C baking ovens, solidifies 30 minutes, and then 2 hours cracking resol of the lower 1500 DEG C of thermal treatments of argon shield.
Reactive melt infiltration RMI: under the vacuum condition of 1700 DEG C, silicon-zirconium is infiltrated to the material of step 4 gained and react original position generation ZrC, SiC with C, obtain the repeated ablation C/SiC-ZrC-La ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material of having prepared.
Embodiment 2
Composite preform preparation: adopt CVI technique, by propylene pyrolysis at 960 DEG C, at carbon fiber surface deposition PyC interphase, utilize hydrogen that MTS is written into cvd furnace, at 1000 DEG C, cracking MTS under 5KPa pressure, deposition SiC matrix, ultrasonic cleaning at least 30 minutes for the C/SiC composite preform of the ventilate rate 20vol% obtaining is dried and is obtained clean dry precast body in the baking oven of 80 DEG C.
Slurry preparation: by La
2o
3it is in 0.5% the sodium cellulosate CMC aqueous solution and ball milling more than 24 hours that powder adds massfraction, La
2o
3massfraction is 30%, obtains slurry a; Resol, hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, obtain slurry b, hexamethylenetetramine quality is 0.1 times of resol quality, and the viscosity of the content control slurry by dehydrated alcohol is 50~100mPas.
Vacuum pressure impregnation: C/SiC precast body and slurry a are put into vacuum tank simultaneously, but do not contact with each other, vacuumize 20 minutes, make vacuum tightness be-0.08MPa~-0.10MPa, after precast body is immersed in slurry a to pressurize 30 minutes, slowly air pressure is risen to 0.8MPa, pressurize is taken out for 30 minutes.After drying, same method is by the precast body vacuum pressure impregnation slurry b after drying.
Solidify cracking: the material of preparation in step 3 is dried to 4 hours in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, in 150 DEG C of baking ovens, solidifies 30 minutes, and then 2 hours cracking resol of the lower 1500 DEG C of thermal treatments of argon shield.
Reactive melt infiltration RMI: under the vacuum condition of 1800 DEG C, silicon-hafnium alloy is infiltrated to the material of step 4 gained and react original position generation HfC, SiC with C, obtain the repeated ablation C/HfC-SiC-L having prepared
aultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material.
Embodiment 3
Composite preform preparation: in carbon fabric perform, adopt pressure impregnation resol slurry, vacuum tightness is-0.08MPa, pressure is 0.8MPa, 150 DEG C solidify after at 900 DEG C cracking resin, the C/C composite preform ultrasonic cleaning that to obtain ventilate rate be 30vol% at least 30 minutes is dried and is obtained clean dry precast body in the baking oven of 80 DEG C.
Slurry preparation: furane resin, hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, then add Y (NO
3)
3xH
2o ball milling obtain slurry for 24 hours above; Furane resin and nitrate ratio are 1:4, and hexamethylenetetramine quality is 0.1 times of furane resin quality; The viscosity of the content control slurry by dehydrated alcohol is 50~100mPas.
Vacuum pressure impregnation: C/C precast body and slurry are put into vacuum tank simultaneously, but do not contact with each other, vacuumize 20 minutes, make vacuum tightness be-0.08MPa~-0.10MPa, after say that precast body immerses in slurry pressurize 30 minutes, slowly air pressure is risen to 0.8MPa, pressurize is taken out for 30 minutes.
Solidify cracking: the material of preparation in step 3 is dried to 4 hours in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, in 150 DEG C of baking ovens, solidifies 30 minutes, and then 2 hours cracking furane resin of the lower 1500 DEG C of thermal treatments of argon shield.
Reactive melt infiltration RMI: under the vacuum condition of 1800 DEG C, silicon-hafnium alloy is infiltrated to the material of step 4 gained and react original position generation HfC, SiC with C, obtain the repeated ablation C/SiC-HfC-Y ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material of having prepared.