CN103848694A - Preparation method of toadstool culture medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a toadstool culture medium. The culture medium is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 61% of unknown tree sawdust, 26% of bran, 9% of arenosols and 4% of lime. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, selecting high quality sawdust, bran and arenosols in parts by mass, firstly, crushing the sawdust to granules, then placing the granules, bran, arenosols, lime and water together in a mixing machine to be uniformly mixed; B, bagging and tying the uniformly stirred culture medium, sterilizing for 12 hours at high pressure and high temperature, and after the culture medium is discharged out of an oven and cooled, culturing in the field; and C, paving the cooled culture medium in water-soaked V-shaped channel soil, and meanwhile, seeding a strain and covering by fine soil, erecting a netty sunshield frame on the eighth day of covering the fine soil, and covering the netty sunshield frame by straws, wherein the line spacing of the culture medium is 15cm, the culture depth is 10cm and the thickness of fine soil is 6cm. The yield of the toadstool culture medium reaches up to 285kg/mu.

Description

A kind of preparation method of morel substratum

Technical field

The present invention relates to morel cultivation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of morel substratum, particularly for the preparation method's of the morel substratum at planting edible mushroom family, rural area field.

Background technology

Recording the earliest of morel is the Compendium of Material Medica (1590) of LI Shi-Zhen, so far the history of existing more than 420 year, Ming Dynasty Pan's perseverance also has the record about morel in " wide bacterium spectrum ", can find out from the history of morel, China's understanding is utilized the with a long history of morel, using morel as treasure, ancient times, some places were using morel as the rare tribute of paying tribute emperor since ancient times.

Morel is the Precious Edible Fungi occurring a kind of the end of spring and the beginning of summer, in great demand in the international market, expensive, especially the U.S., Germany, France, Italy etc. are national increasing to the demand of morel, price constantly rises, and at present, China only depends on the wild toadstool of annual collection to supply foreign export, its output can not meet the demand of world market far away.For this reason, very necessary to the research and development of morel, in fact, China artificial culture morel early starts from the 1950's, only carried out at that time the semi-artificial cultivation of morel, domestic and international many scientific workers constantly explore the artificial cultivation method of morel subsequently, in the last few years, China scientific worker is also in morel resource, ecological habit, the aspect such as biology and artificial culture, carry out more detailed further investigation, artificial culture morel, Morchellaconica, balck vein hickory chicks etc. are obtained successfully, but blemish in an otherwise perfect thing, output is lower, repeatability can't be carried out large-scale commercial cultivation, the condition that Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore forms need further test and study, grasp its rule, could realize commercial cultivation.

According to the compound method that has the morel substratum of many different compatibilities on document demonstration, institution of higher learning, scientific research institutions and each macroreticular, its batching and each component and mass parts thereof are more basic identical than all, batching difference is little, can successfully cultivate and manage, and have certain economic benefit and social benefit, but investment is large, yields poorly, work consuming is consuming time, and repeatability can not meet large-scale commercial applications cultivation.

So, just how to find a kind of investment little, output is high, and instant effect and a shape be thick, cover thick meat fertilizer, the fresh and tender morel cultivation technique of daughter, and several mineral materials and the trace element useful to human body can be effectively provided is current problem in urgent need to solve.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of compound method of morel substratum, improve to solve that planting edible mushroom family reaches little, the instant effect of investment in the process of cultivation morel, output is high, and a shape thick, cover the problem that thick meat fertilizer, daughter are fresh and tender and increase economic efficiency.This culture medium prescription is take common plant organic matter, wheat bran, arenosol and lime as raw material, has the features such as with low cost, material is easily purchased, cultivation management is simple.

For reaching the object of foregoing invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of morel substratum is provided, it is characterized in that, each component of described culture medium prescription and mass parts thereof are than as follows:

Assorted trees bits 61%;

Wheat bran 26%;

Arenosols 9%;

Lime 4%.

A preparation method for above-mentioned morel substratum, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

A, clean assorted trees bits 61%, wheat bran 26%, arenosols 9%, the lime 4% of selection high-quality, first the trees of mixing bits are ground into particulate state (granularity is: 2.8-3.5mm), then the water of the granular substance crushing, wheat bran, arenosols, lime and 60% left and right is put in the lump and in dedicated mixing machine, mixed all stand-by (control of water content, because of the size of base-material specification or partially wet partially dry, the size of rain fine day water evaporation quantity, height above sea level, and when the height of temperature etc. is difficult to regulate and the humidity of base-material is held in support, can pinch base-material by hand, not drip and to be advisable);

B, by mixing after equal substratum pack tying, use constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, arrive after 100-120 ℃ until temperature rise, the high-temperature sterilization of lasting 12 hours, to reach thorough sterilizing, until substratum go out kitchen range cooling after, get final product field cultivating;

C, cooled substratum is spread and is taped against in " V " shape ditch soil that has steeped water, broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, and cover successively fine earth, crop straw or leaf, 15 centimeters of the cultivation line-spacings of substratum, 10 centimeters of cropping depths, 6 centimeters of covering fine earth thickness, cover the netted sun-shading frame of setting up for the 8th day of fine earth, and add a cover straw on netted sun-shading frame, to keep moisture content in medium 60% left and right, relative air humidity 70-95%, temperature 15-18 ℃, remain to out bacterium results, product can be up to 285kg/ mu always.

Morel culture medium prescription provided by the present invention is morel substratum plant organic composite, and it,, take common assorted trees bits, wheat bran, arenosol and lime as raw material, gives full play to the effect of each component:

Assorted trees bits, nutritive ingredient of its wood flower: the physical condition such as water-absorbent, air permeability, thermal conductivity, quality, texture that has moisture, tannin, alkaloid ratio and timber, suitable mycelial growth, assorted trees generally contain crude protein 14%-15%, crude fat 10%-11%, capacitive carbon compound 25%-25.5%, and tool xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, mineral substance account for the overwhelming majority, other are less;

Wheat bran, in its Testa Tritici, contain quite abundant vitamin-E and vitamin B group, support one's family is that E is called again antisterility vitamin or tocopherol, vitamin-E is relevant with the reproductive function of animal, it is the nutrient substance that prevents infertility and human body cell aging, can also be anticancer, supporting one's family, it is water insoluble to be that E has, be dissolved in fat and fatsolvent, heat-resisting, in the time of anaerobic, be heated to 200 ℃ of impregnable features, also contain very abundant glycan and mineral substance simultaneously, can be separately as the food additives that is rich in foodstuff fibre, C class powder and D class powder are mainly made up of aleurone layer and megarchidium layer, contain 24%～40% protein, the content of VITAMIN is also very high, the high protein for food and feed industry, the nutritional fortification thing of homovitamin,

Lime, lime has the function of eliminating dampness, desinsection, sterilization, hemostasis, analgesic therapy, erosion evil meat, for mange, wet sore, wound hemorrhage, the burning hot wound of soup, hemorrhoid, prolapse of the anus, wart, and bacterium, brood cell, virus is all had to killing action.

Embodiment

Below embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail

Morel is the Precious Edible Fungi occurring a kind of the end of spring and the beginning of summer, in great demand in the international market, expensive, especially the U.S., Germany, France, Italy etc. are national increasing to the demand of morel, price constantly rises, and at present, China only depends on the wild toadstool of annual collection to supply foreign export, its output can not meet the demand of world market far away.For this reason, very necessary to the research and development of morel, in fact, China artificial culture morel early starts from the 1950's, only carried out at that time the semi-artificial cultivation of morel, domestic and international many scientific workers constantly explore the artificial cultivation method of morel subsequently, in the last few years, China scientific worker is also in morel resource, ecological habit, the aspect such as biology and artificial culture, carry out more detailed further investigation, artificial culture morel, Morchellaconica, balck vein hickory chicks etc. are obtained successfully, but blemish in an otherwise perfect thing, output is lower, repeatability can't be carried out large-scale commercial cultivation, the condition that Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore forms need further test and study, grasp its rule, could realize commercial cultivation.

The present invention is exactly a kind of morel culture medium prescription proposing for the cultivation of above-mentioned morel, and the substratum that adopts this formula to prepare is effective, and instant effect, output are high.Below specific embodiment provided by the present invention is described in detail.

Embodiment 1:

A, clean assorted trees bits 61%, wheat bran 26%, arenosols 9%, the lime 4% of selection high-quality, first the trees of mixing bits are ground into particulate state (granularity is: 2.8-3.5mm), then the water of the granular substance crushing, wheat bran, arenosols, lime and 60% left and right is put in the lump and in dedicated mixing machine, mixed all stand-by (control of water content, because of the size of base-material specification or partially wet partially dry, the size of rain fine day water evaporation quantity, height above sea level, and when the height of temperature etc. is difficult to regulate and the humidity of base-material is held in support, can pinch base-material by hand, not drip and to be advisable); B, by mixing after equal substratum pack tying, use constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, arrive after 100-120 ℃ until temperature rise, the high-temperature sterilization of lasting 12 hours, to reach thorough sterilizing, until substratum go out kitchen range cooling after, get final product field cultivating; C, cooled substratum is spread and is taped against in " V " shape ditch soil that has steeped water, broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, and cover successively fine earth, crop straw or leaf, 15 centimeters of the cultivation line-spacings of substratum, 10 centimeters of cropping depths, 6 centimeters of covering fine earth thickness, cover the netted sun-shading frame of setting up for the 8th day of fine earth, and add a cover straw on netted sun-shading frame, to keep moisture content in medium 60% left and right, relative air humidity 70-95%, temperature 15-18 ℃, remain to out bacterium results, product can be up to 275kg/ mu always.

Embodiment 2:

A, clean assorted trees bits 60%, wheat bran 27%, arenosols 9%, the lime 4% of selection high-quality, first the trees of mixing bits are ground into particulate state (granularity is: 2.8-3.5mm), then the water of the granular substance crushing, wheat bran, arenosols, lime and 60% left and right is put in the lump and in dedicated mixing machine, mixed all stand-by (control of water content, because of the size of base-material specification or partially wet partially dry, the size of rain fine day water evaporation quantity, height above sea level, and when the height of temperature etc. is difficult to regulate and the humidity of base-material is held in support, can pinch base-material by hand, not drip and to be advisable); B, by mixing after equal substratum pack tying, use constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, arrive after 100-120 ℃ until temperature rise, the high-temperature sterilization of lasting 12 hours, to reach thorough sterilizing, until substratum go out kitchen range cooling after, get final product field cultivating; C, cooled substratum is spread and is taped against in " V " shape ditch soil that has steeped water, broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, and cover successively fine earth, crop straw or leaf, 15 centimeters of the cultivation line-spacings of substratum, 10 centimeters of cropping depths, 6 centimeters of covering fine earth thickness, cover the netted sun-shading frame of setting up for the 8th day of fine earth, and add a cover straw on netted sun-shading frame, to keep moisture content in medium 60% left and right, relative air humidity 70-95%, temperature 15-18 ℃, remain to out bacterium results, product can be up to 280kg/ mu always.

Embodiment 3:

A, clean assorted trees bits 61%, wheat bran 29%, arenosols 7%, the lime 3% of selection high-quality, first the trees of mixing bits are ground into particulate state (granularity is: 2.8-3.5mm), then the water of the granular substance crushing, wheat bran, arenosols, lime and 60% left and right is put in the lump and in dedicated mixing machine, mixed all stand-by (control of water content, because of the size of base-material specification or partially wet partially dry, the size of rain fine day water evaporation quantity, height above sea level, and when the height of temperature etc. is difficult to regulate and the humidity of base-material is held in support, can pinch base-material by hand, not drip and to be advisable); B, by mixing after equal substratum pack tying, use constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, arrive after 100-120 ℃ until temperature rise, the high-temperature sterilization of lasting 12 hours, to reach thorough sterilizing, until substratum go out kitchen range cooling after, get final product field cultivating; C, cooled substratum is spread and is taped against in " V " shape ditch soil that has steeped water, broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, and cover successively fine earth, crop straw or leaf, 15 centimeters of the cultivation line-spacings of substratum, 10 centimeters of cropping depths, 6 centimeters of covering fine earth thickness, cover the netted sun-shading frame of setting up for the 8th day of fine earth, and add a cover straw on netted sun-shading frame, to keep moisture content in medium 60% left and right, relative air humidity 70-95%, temperature 15-18 ℃, remain to out bacterium results, product can be up to 285kg/ mu always.

Claims (2)

1. a morel substratum, is characterized in that, each component of described substratum and mass parts thereof are than as follows respectively:

Assorted trees bits 61%;

Wheat bran 26%;

Arenosols 9%;

Lime 4%.

2. a preparation method for morel substratum claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

A, clean assorted trees bits 61%, wheat bran 26%, arenosols 9%, the lime 4% of selection high-quality, first the trees of mixing bits are ground into particulate state (granularity is: 2.8-3.5mm), then the water of the granular substance crushing, wheat bran, arenosols, lime and 60% left and right is put in the lump in dedicated mixing machine, mix all stand-by;

B, by mixing after equal substratum pack tying, use constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, arrive after 100-120 ℃ until temperature rise, the high-temperature sterilization of lasting 12 hours, to reach thorough sterilizing, until substratum go out kitchen range cooling after, get final product field cultivating;

C, cooled substratum is spread and is taped against in " V " shape ditch soil that has steeped water, broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, and cover successively fine earth, crop straw or leaf, 15 centimeters of the cultivation line-spacings of substratum, 10 centimeters of cropping depths, 6 centimeters of covering fine earth thickness, cover the netted sun-shading frame of setting up for the 8th day of fine earth, and add a cover straw on netted sun-shading frame, to keep moisture content in medium 60% left and right, relative air humidity 70-95%, temperature 15-18 ℃, remain to out bacterium results, product can be up to 285kg/ mu always.