CN103814792A - Arctic-alpine sandy area vegetation recovery comprehensive treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive management method for vegetation recovery in alpine sandy areas, which is to adopt any one of 1) to 4) after preparing materials: 1) deep planting for afforestation; 2) setting sand barriers, and then setting up sand barriers 3) set up sand barriers, and then carry out live afforestation in the set sand barriers; 4) after setting up sand barriers, carry out live afforestation and deep planting afforestation in the set sand barriers; among them, prepare materials For: preparing afforestation seedlings and sand barrier materials; live afforestation is: within the set sand barrier, after soaking through the rain, sowing Artemisia annua and/or Caragana in time, using on-demand or broadcasting, single or mixed planting Deep planting afforestation is: after soaking the branches of willow willow, dig holes for planting, and place one branch of willow willow vertically in each hole. In the alpine sandy area, the combination of mechanical sand fixation and biological sand fixation, and the combination of cutting and direct seeding afforestation without irrigation are one of the most effective means of improving the ecological environment of the sandy area.

Description

A comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas

technical field

The invention relates to a comprehensive management method for vegetation recovery in alpine sandy areas.

Background technique

The alpine sandy area of Qinghai is one of the areas seriously endangered by desertification in my country. In 1958, the Qinghai Provincial Sand Control Experimental Station carried out a series of desertification prevention and control work in the Shazhuyu area of Gonghe County, Qinghai Province, summed up some effective comprehensive techniques for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas, and promoted successful governance models and methods in Qinghai Province. Experience has produced a positive driving and radiating effect.

In the alpine sandy area, there is little precipitation and strong wind and sand. In such a harsh environment, the survival rate and forestation rate of afforestation in sand dunes (land) are technically difficult. In the past, bare-root seedlings or mechanical sand fixation were often used in afforestation. Bare-root seedling afforestation technology has a long seedling cycle, high cost of purchasing seedlings, high difficulty in planting, and low preservation rate, so it is not suitable for long-term promotion and use in alpine sandy areas. Mechanical sand-fixation measures use materials such as wheat straw, clay, straw ropes, gravel, nylon nets, and PVC woven bags as sand barriers, which can achieve the purpose of fixing mobile sand dunes in a short period of time. Good sand control effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas, so as to solve the problem existing in the prior art in alpine sandy areas by simple afforestation or sand barrier sand fixation in alpine sandy areas to control mobile dunes (ground). The present invention adopts the combination of mechanical sand fixation and biological sand fixation, and the combination of cutting and direct seeding afforestation without irrigation, and has the advantages of shortening the seedling raising period, reducing the cost of purchasing seedlings, simple afforestation method and high survival rate.

The present invention provides a comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas. The method is to use any of the following 1) to 4) to carry out comprehensive management of vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas after preparing materials:

1) Deep plantation;

2) First set up sand barriers, and then carry out deep afforestation in the middle of the set sand barriers;

3) First set up a sand barrier, and then carry out live afforestation in the set sand barrier;

4) After setting up the sand barrier, carry out live afforestation and deep planting afforestation in the set sand barrier;

Among them, the preparation materials are: a. Afforestation seedlings: select Artemisia annua and/or Caragana seeds above grade II, and cut from the mother tree; b. Sand barrier materials;

The live afforestation described above is: within the set sand barrier, after soaking through the rain, sowing Artemisia annua and/or Caragana in a timely manner, using on-demand or broadcasting, single or mixed planting methods for live afforestation;

The deep-planting afforestation method is as follows: soak the branches of the black willow and then dig holes for planting, and place one branch of the black willow vertically in each hole.

Preferably, the Artemisia annua and Caragana are collected in situ in the alpine sandy area of Qinghai, and the quality of the seeds meets the standard of Grade II or above in the local standard DB63/T539-2005 of Qinghai Province, requiring that the purity of the seeds should not be lower than 90%, and the germination rate should not If it is lower than 65%, the seeds are collected in the current year and sowed in the next year.

Preferably, the branches of the willow willow are cut from ungerminated mother trees in spring that have grown robustly and germinated for 1 to 3 years, and select branches without mechanical damage, shrinkage, deformity, bending, and no pests and diseases. Cut it into stems, the diameter of the big head is 2-4cm; cut off all the branches of the branches, cut off the middle part of the branches as stems, and the length of the stems is about 110-120cm.

Preferably, the setting of sand barriers is to use wheat straw, clay, nylon nets or PVC woven bags to set various forms of obstacles on the sand surface; the nylon nets and PVC woven bags are preferably weather-resistant and anti-aging materials.

Preferably, the direct seeding afforestation is to dig holes at the two corners of the leeward side of the sand barrier. The holes are 4-5cm deep, 10-15cm long and 15cm wide, and 10-20 seeds are placed in each hole, covered with 3cm soil, and stepped on. Reality.

Preferably, the soaking of the branches of the willow willow is to put the branches of the willow with the head up, and put 2/3 of the cuttings in water and soak for 30-40 days.

Soaking for 30-40 days can make the branches of Wuliu fully soaked in water; putting 2/3 of the cuttings in water can prevent the branches from dying due to lack of water.

Preferably, the digging is manual digging or water flushing digging; preferably, the depth of the manual digging is 80-100 cm, and the width is 40-60 cm.

Preferably, the water flushing is to flush sand or soil with water pressure to open a cave with a controllable depth. The diameter of the cave is 2-4cm, the depth is 80-120cm, and the water pressure for planting is controlled at 25-40kg/cm ² .

Preferably, the water flushing is to connect the high-pressure water gun to two water pipes, one of which is a rubber pipe with a diameter of 2-4cm and a length of 100-150m, and an iron drill pipe with a diameter of 2-4cm and a length of 120cm is installed at the joint , the drill bit is conical, and is equipped with a water control valve; another return pipe directly leads to the vehicle water tank, and the return water is recycled.

Adopted technical scheme of the present invention, produced following technical effect:

1. Under the protection of sand barriers, the damage of wind and sand to seedlings is reduced and the survival rate of Artemisia annua and Caragana japonica after direct seeding is improved. In sand barriers of different specifications, the survival rate of afforestation in that year reached over 90%.

2. Wuliu is a local indigenous species with rich provenance and strong adaptability. After deep planting, under different site conditions, the survival rate of the year is above 85%, and the survival rate of the next year is above 80%. The average annual growth height is 60cm, the number of branches is 10-25, and the growth is vigorous.

3. The advantage of water flushing planting in the alpine sandy area is that it is easy to operate. One rush is operated by 2 people, the other 4 people assist in the operation, and 6 people share the labor force. The second is to reduce the link of site preparation, basically not destroying the vegetation of the sandy land, and not easy to cause wind erosion. The third is fast speed and high efficiency. It takes 30-60 seconds to plant each plant, which is nearly double the efficiency of afforestation by cuttings, and the quality is better than that of afforestation by cuttings. Fourth, the cuttings have a large depth of planting and a high survival rate. Generally, the slender length of cutting afforestation is 50-60cm, and the planting depth is 40-50cm, while the slender length of salix salix is 110-120cm, and the planting depth can reach 80-100cm. It ensures that all the slender parts are inserted into the wet sand, effectively improving the water supply required for the seedlings to take root, germinate and grow. Fifth, it has a wide range of applications. It is suitable for all mobile and semi-mobile sand dunes and fixed and semi-fixed sandy lands where the groundwater is less than 20m. The dune height is less than 3m and the inter-dune lowland can be fully afforested; the dune height is more than 3m, and the windward slope of the dune can be afforested below two-thirds. Sixth, it saves labor force and requires less investment. According to calculations, the cost per mu can be saved by 80-120 yuan. The seventh is watering and planting. After planting, the sand layer around the slender all absorbs water and becomes a wet sand layer, which increases with the increase of depth. Each plant needs 5-8kg of water, and most of the water in the hole is concentrated around 20cm around the hole. The eighth is to avoid setting up sand barriers. In general sand or desert afforestation must first set up sand barriers before planting, but water-washed sand can effectively avoid wind and sand hazards because of the deep planting, no need to set up sand barriers. Ninth, it is not affected by factors such as the thickness of the dry sand layer and the difficulty of digging holes. In desert areas, the dry sand layer is generally thick, and it is quite difficult to dig holes manually. However, water flushing sand afforestation uses the pressure of water to flush holes, which is not affected by factors such as the thickness of the dry sand layer and the difficulty of digging holes. It is simple and convenient, and the efficiency is doubled.

4. The combination of mechanical sand fixation and biological sand fixation in alpine sandy areas, combined with cutting and direct seeding afforestation without irrigation, is one of the most effective means of improving the ecological environment of sandy areas.

5. In addition to the situation that sand and gravel land cannot be planted with water or water cannot be solved, the method of the present invention can be applied to other land plots for comprehensive treatment of vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas, such as fixed sand dunes, semi-fixed sand dunes, mobile sand dunes, dunes land, barren land, etc.

After the sand barrier is set up, the direct seeding afforestation depends on the soil moisture. If the dry sand layer thickness on the surface of the dune is less than 20cm, it is considered to have good moisture; if the dry sand layer is more than 20cm thick, it is considered to be poor; Only when the conditions are good can direct seeding afforestation be carried out; deep planting afforestation can also be carried out in advance on mobile sand dunes without sand barriers. According to actual conditions, direct seeding afforestation and deep planting afforestation can also be carried out simultaneously. Sand fixation and afforestation are carried out using comprehensive means in alpine sandy areas to achieve the purpose of rapid vegetation restoration.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of direct afforestation in alpine sandy land; wherein, 1 is the leeward slope; 2 is the foot of the hill; 3 is the ridge line of the dune; 4 is the sand barrier; 5 is the seed;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of deep-planting afforestation in alpine sandy land; 6 is sandy land; 7 is a cave;

Figure 3 is a picture of two-year-old Caragana afforestation broadcast live in a wheatgrass sand barrier in a fixed sand dune, which is a typical sand control model that combines biological measures and engineering measures;

Figure 4 shows the growth status of willow willow after 5 months of water flushing planting in mobile sand dunes, with an average growth of 60-90 cm. No sand fixation measures have been taken for the mobile sand dunes, only water flushing planting is carried out;

Figure 5 shows the growth status of willow willow after 5 months of water-washing planting in the wheat-grass sand barrier in the fixed dune, with an average growth of 40-80 cm. The size of the sand barrier is 1m×1m. It is a typical sand control model that combines biological measures and engineering measures;

Fig. 6 shows the growth status of willow willow after 5 months of water flushing in the interhill, with an average growth of 40-80 cm.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the examples given are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

Application of the alpine sandy area vegetation recovery comprehensive management method of the present invention in Qinghai alpine sandy area mobile sand dunes in the steps of sand fixation are as follows:

1. Material preparation: Seeds for live-seeding afforestation are Artemisia annua and Caragana seeds above grade II (DB63/T539-2005), and the branches of willow for deep planting are cut from the mother tree in spring; materials for sand barriers include wheat straw and clay , nylon mesh, pebbles and PVC woven bags; deep planting equipment includes high-pressure water guns, water tanks, and transport machinery.

The seeds of Artemisia annua and Caragana for direct seeding are collected on-site in the alpine sandy area of Qinghai. The quality of the seeds is required to meet the standards of Qinghai Provincial Standard II or above (DB63/T539-2005), and the purity of the seeds is required to be no less than 90%. Germination The rate is not less than 65%, and the seeds are harvested in the current year and planted in the next year.

For deep-planted black willow branches, in spring, cut and grow strong 1-3-year-old branches from ungerminated mother trees, and choose branches without mechanical damage, no shrinkage, no deformity, no bending, and no pests and diseases. , cut it into stems, and the diameter of the big head is 2-4cm. Cut off all the branches of the branches, and cut off the middle part of the branches for cuttings. The length of the cuttings is about 110-120cm.

2. Sand barrier setting: use firewood, straw, clay, fabric, branches, slats, pebbles and other materials to set up various forms of obstacles on the sand surface, below 2/3 of the windward slope of the mobile sand dunes in the alpine sand area of Qinghai , and made into sand barriers of different specifications, mostly in the shape of squares and strips. By increasing the surface roughness of the sandy ground and reducing the wind speed near the ground layer, the direction, speed, and structure of the wind and sand flow can be controlled, and the wind erosion condition of the surface and the effect of wind and sand resistance can be changed. It is an effective engineering sand fixation measure to reduce the wind speed and fix the sand surface. Sand barriers commonly used in alpine sandy areas are:

① Clay sand barriers: set up in areas with severe wind and sand hazards (such as the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai). The clay sand barriers are set up as grid sand barriers. The setting is 1×1 m, 1×1.5m or 1×2m, the height of the stalk is 15-20cm, the width of the stalk is 10-30cm, and the thickness of the clay covering is about 5-8cm when setting.

②Wheat straw sand barrier: generally set up as a grid sand barrier, the grid size is similar to the clay sand barrier, first open a 5-15cm groove on the sand surface according to the grid size, and use 20-40cm long wheat straw to twist into a twist shape, Fold it in half, place stubble down at both ends in the grid line groove, and fill with soil and step on it firmly.

③Nylon net sand barrier: The method is the same as that of wheat straw and clay sand barrier, and it is generally set in a grid or strip shape. Nylon materials can be reused, generally 3 to 4 times.

④PVC woven bag sand barrier: set up as a 2.0×2.0m square sand barrier.

Nylon mesh and PVC woven bags use weather-resistant and anti-aging materials.

What present embodiment selects for use is wheat straw sand barrier.

3. Live afforestation: In the set sand barrier, after the first soaking rain, sow desert plants such as Artemisia annua and Caragana in time. The sowing method can be on-demand or broadcast, and the two kinds of seeds are mixed. Adopt the method of hole sowing. When sowing, dig holes at the two corners of the leeward side of the sand barrier. The depth of the hole is 4-5cm, and the length and width are 10-15cm. Put 10-20 seeds in each hole, cover the soil with 3cm, and step on it with your feet. It can germinate and unearth in ~10 days. The amount of seeds per hectare is about 22kg. Digging holes and sowing seeds on the leeward side of the sand barrier can prevent the seeds from being buried by sand and wind erosion, and ensure the survival rate of the seeds. Adopting the direct seeding afforestation method can shorten the seedling raising period, has high survival rate of afforestation, saves labor, and achieves the purpose of fast management.

4. Deep planting and afforestation: Bundle 30 cuttings of willow willow cuttings into a bundle, with the head up, soak 2/3 of the cuttings in clean running water for about 30 to 40 days. Before the soil is thawed and sprouted, and at the latest not until the period of tree germination, carry out deep afforestation in the middle of each square of the sand barrier; carry out manual digging planting or water flushing planting, and put the prepared black willow vertically into the cave, every A hole. The cave can be dug deep by labor and water flushing.

Manual digging method, the depth of the cave is 80cm, and the width is 40cm.

Plant willow tree species in areas with drought and groundwater level below 2m, and use water flushing method for deep planting.

The method of water flushing planting is: use the pressure of water to flush the sand or soil into a cave with a controllable depth. The diameter of the cave is 2-4cm, the depth is 80-120cm, and the water pressure for planting can be controlled at 25-40kg/cm ² . Connect the high-pressure water gun to two water pipes. One of them is a rubber pipe with a diameter of 2-4cm and a length of 100-150m. An iron drill pipe (referred to as a water gun) with a diameter of 2-4cm and a length of 120cm is installed at the joint. The drill bit is conical and equipped with a water control valve; A return pipe is directly connected to the water tank on the vehicle, and the return water is recycled. If there is a water source nearby, the sprayer can be placed directly next to the water source for operation; if there is no water source, the high-pressure machine can be fixed on a car or tractor with a water tank, and can be moved at any time during operation. The size of the vehicle water tank depends on the vehicle power and road conditions. When afforestation, the water gun is operated by one person, the operation is simple, and the afforestation speed is fast. Moreover, hydroflush planting is not limited by site conditions, and can be drilled and planted on mobile sand dunes, semi-fixed sand dunes, fixed sand dunes, and inter-dune land.

What present embodiment selected for use is to plant by water flushing.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the method for sand-fixing in mobile sand dunes in the alpine sand area of Qinghai is applied to the comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in the alpine sand area of the present invention:

1. The material preparation step is Artemisia annua seeds;

2. Nylon net sand barrier is selected in the sand barrier setting step;

3. In the step of deep planting and afforestation, soak 2/3 of the cuttings of willow willow in clean water to absorb enough water for about 30 to 40 days.

All the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

Example 3

The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the method for sand-fixing in mobile sand dunes in the alpine sand area of Qinghai is applied to the comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in the alpine sand area of the present invention:

1. Caragana seeds are selected in the material preparation step;

2. The sand barrier setting steps are PVC woven bag sand barriers;

3. The step of deep planting and afforestation adopts manual digging of deep caves.

All the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

Example 4

Application of the alpine sand region vegetation restoration comprehensive management method of the present invention in Qinghai alpine sand region fixed sand dune steps are as follows:

1. Caragana seeds are selected in the material preparation step;

2. Set up sand barriers;

3. Live afforestation.

The specific parameters of the above steps are the same as those in Example 1. See Figure 3 for the results.

Example 5

Application of the alpine sandy area vegetation recovery comprehensive management method of the present invention in Qinghai alpine sandy area mobile sand dunes in the steps of sand fixation are as follows:

(1) Material preparation;

(2) The method of water flushing is used for deep planting of forests.

The specific parameters of the above steps are the same as those in Example 1. See Figure 4 for planting results.

Example 6

Application of the alpine sand region vegetation restoration comprehensive management method of the present invention in Qinghai alpine sand region fixed sand dune steps are as follows:

(1) Material preparation;

(2) Set up sand barriers;

(3) Live afforestation;

(4) Choose the method of water flushing planting to carry out deep planting afforestation.

The specific parameters of the above-mentioned steps are the same as in Example 1, and the planting results are shown in FIG. 5 .

Example 7

The steps of sand-fixing and afforestation in the inter-dune ground of Qinghai alpine sandy area by applying the comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy area of the present invention are as follows:

(1) Material preparation;

(2) Adopt the method of water flushing planting to plant deep forests.

The specific parameters of the above steps are the same as those in Example 1. See Figure 6 for planting results.

Example 8

The step of sand-fixing and afforestation in semi-fixed sand dunes in Qinghai alpine sandy area by applying the alpine sandy area vegetation restoration comprehensive management method of the present invention is as follows:

(1) Material preparation;

(2) Set up sand barriers;

(3) Choose the method of water flushing planting for deep planting.

The specific parameters of the above steps are the same as in Example 1.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A comprehensive management method for vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas, characterized in that: the method is to use any of the following (1) to (4) to carry out comprehensive management of vegetation restoration in alpine sandy areas after preparing materials: (1) Deep planting of forests; (2) First set up sand barriers, and then carry out deep planting in the middle of the set sand barriers; (3) First set up a sand barrier, and then carry out live afforestation in the set sand barrier; (4) After setting up the sand barrier, carry out live afforestation and deep-planting afforestation in the set sand barrier; Among them, the preparation materials are: a. Afforestation seedlings: select Artemisia annua and/or Caragana seeds above grade II, and cut from the mother tree; b. Sand barrier materials; The live afforestation described above is: within the set sand barrier, after soaking through the rain, sowing Artemisia annua and/or Caragana in a timely manner, using on-demand or broadcasting, single or mixed planting methods for live afforestation; The described deep-planting afforestation is as follows: soak the branches of willow willow and dig holes for planting, and place one branch of willow willow vertically in each hole. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Artemisia annua and Caragana are collected in situ in the alpine sandy area of Qinghai, and the quality of the seeds meets the standard of Grade II or above in the local standard DB63/T539-2005 of Qinghai Province, requiring The purity of the seeds should not be lower than 90%, and the germination rate should not be lower than 65%. The seeds should be harvested in the current year and planted in the following year. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: said black willow branch is to intercept and grow robustly grown 1 to 3-year-old germinated thick branches on the ungerminated mother tree in spring, and select no mechanical damage, no shrinkage , No deformity, no bending and no pests and diseases, cut them into stems, the diameter of the big head is 2-4cm; cut off all the branches of the branches, cut off the middle part of the branches as stems, and the length of the stems is about 110-120cm. 4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described setting sand barrier is to utilize wheat straw, clay, nylon net or PVC woven bag to set various forms of obstacles on the sand surface; described nylon net and PVC Weaving bags are preferably made of weather-resistant and anti-aging materials. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the direct seeding afforestation is to dig holes at two corners of the leeward side of the sand barrier, the holes are 4-5 cm deep, 10-15 cm long and 15 cm wide, and put in each hole. 10-20 seeds, covered with 3cm of soil, trampled firmly with feet. 6 . The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the soaking of the branches of the black willow is to put the head of the black willow branch upwards and put 2/3 of the cuttings in water for 30-40 days. 7 . 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the digging is manual digging or water flushing; preferably, the manual digging has a depth of 80-100 cm and a width of 40-60 cm. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: said water flushing is to flush sand or soil into a cave with a controllable depth under the pressure of water. The diameter of the cave is 2-4cm, and the depth is 80-120cm. The water pressure is controlled at 25-40kg/cm ² . 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the water flushing method is to connect the high-pressure water gun to two water pipes, one of which is a rubber pipe with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm and a length of 100 to 150 m. 2-4cm, 120cm long iron drill pipe, the drill bit is conical, and equipped with a water control valve; the other return pipe directly leads to the vehicle water tank, and the return water is recycled.

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