CN103713315A - Seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device, and belongs to the field of seismic anisotropy parameter prediction in oil geophysical exploration. The method comprises the steps that (1) seismic data which are going to carry out anisotropy parameter inversion are acquired, namely observation wave field data; (2) denoising processing is carried out on the seismic data acquired in the step (1) to acquire denoised data; (3) by using the denoised data acquired in the step (2), and according to shot point and receiver point coordinates, a common midpoint gather is extracted to acquire seismic CMP gather information, and then the seismic CMP gather information is used to calculate the interval velocity of a horizontal stratum; (4) by using the interval velocity, which is acquired in the step (3), of the horizontal stratum, an initial model used for inversion is constructed in an interpolation mode; and (5) small perturbation is carried out on each parameter of the initial model to generate a model after parameter perturbation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic anisotropy parameter prediction field in geophysical prospecting for oil, be specifically related to a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method and device.
Background technology
Preserve the stratum of oil and natural gas oil-bearing reservoir.The object of petroleum prospecting is exactly the reservoir of oil and natural gas of having found underground reservoir such as integrated use petroleum exploration technology, petroleum well logging technology, petroleum geology exploration technology, Here it is sensu lato reservoir prediction.
The anisotropic character of subterranean strata and oil and gas reservoir is ubiquitous.And existing various velocity analysis technology, reservoir prediction technique and model set up technology and be mostly based on the assumption of isotropy, often there is very large difference with actual geological condition.For example fracture reservoir can be considered HTI or oblique orthotropic media conventionally, if be assumed to isotropic medium, just ignored density and the direction in crack, yet these attributes is very important for reservoir characteristic.
Relevant research has expanded to the estimation for Thomsen and Tsvankin anisotropic parameters, and has focused on VTI (transverse anisotropy's medium), HTI (transverse anisotropy's medium) and oblique orthotropic media.Current most method is all that while walking based on compressional wave or converted shear wave, information is carried out Inversion Calculation anisotropic parameters.For example, the moving school of wide aperture data employing non-double curve just can estimating part anisotropic parameters.Yet the P wave data of ground table record is not enough to estimate whole anisotropic parameterses toward Depth Domain.If the constraint (have a down dip as provided or the repeatedly focus of relief surface, or transformed wave data etc.) of extra other is not provided, compressional wave Travel Time Inversion can not be processed VTI or oblique vertical velocity and the anisotropic parameters in orthogonal medium simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existing in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method and device are provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method, comprises the following steps:
(1) obtain the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, observe wave field data;
(2) geological data step (1) being obtained carries out denoising and obtains the data after denoising;
(3) data after the denoising that use step (2) obtains, according to the coordinate of shot point and geophone station, extract common midpoint gather and obtain earthquake CMP road set information, then utilize described earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline;
(4) utilize the interval velocity of the acline that step (3) obtains, the mode by interpolation builds the initial model for inverting;
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out to small sample perturbations, generate the model after parameter perturbation;
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after the parameter perturbation that the initial model that step (4) is obtained and step (5) obtain carries out respectively seismic wave field and is just drilling numerical simulation, what generate model after initial model and parameter perturbation just drills seismic wave field data, is respectively just to drill wave field data after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance;
(7) the seismic wave field data of just drilling that step (6) obtained are carried out bandpass filtering;
(8) by described observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate wave field error vector, by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance, calculate Jacobian matrix;
(9) use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to solve the system of linear equations being formed by described Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters of renewal, comprise fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0, level is to azimuth angle alpha, the zone thickness h of fast velocity of longitudinal wave, the model consisting of the anisotropic parameters upgrading is the model of renewal;
(10) model of renewal step (9) being obtained carries out seismic wave field and is just drilling numerical simulation, ask for objective function, if the value of objective function does not reach enough little value e and does not also reach maximum iteration time, return to step (5), if the value of objective function reaches enough little value e or reaches maximum iteration time, proceed to step (11);
(11) use three formula are below by fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in described horizontal direction
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0be converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equal value
1, ε
2and δ
3:
Described method is divided into N layer from top to bottom by initial model, the process of the whole parameters of inverting is divided into the refutation process of a plurality of independently inverting two-layer model, successively to the adjacent two-layer step (5) of carrying out to the processing of step (10); Initial model using the result of two-layer inverting above as two-layer inverting below.
Described in described step (5), each parameter of initial model is carried out to small sample perturbations and be achieved in that for parameter a, by following formula, calculate the value a after its disturbance
p:
a
p＝a×(1+(rand-0.5)/10)
Wherein rand is a random number between 0-1.
Described step (7) is specific as follows:
Described geological data is carried out to spectrum analysis, determine the parameter of bandpass filter, comprise that the low frequency, low passband, high passband, height cut cut frequently, then the described seismic wave field data of just drilling are carried out to Fourier transform, in frequency field, geological data is carried out to filtering, and then do inverse-Fourier transform.
In described step (10), e=1.0E-3 * O
0, O
0target function value for initial model.
An Anisotropic parameters inversion device of realizing described method, described device comprises:
Seismic data acquisition cell: for obtaining the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion;
Denoising unit: for geological data being removed to the denoising of ground roll and other interfering noise;
Velocity analysis unit: use earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline;
Initial model construction unit: the interval velocity of the acline that operating speed analytic unit calculates, the mode by interpolation builds the initial model for inverting;
Model parameter disturbance unit: each parameter to initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates respectively corresponding new model;
Wavefield forward modeling unit: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, the method for employing finite difference is simulated the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium;
Filter unit: the seismic wave field data that generate after forward modeling are carried out to bandpass filtering, to remove some noise signals that numerical evaluation is brought;
Parallel computation unit: it is large that seismic wave field is just being drilled numerical simulation calculation amount, while very expending machine, realizes based on MPI message transfer mode the parallel computation that seismic wave field is just being drilled numerical simulation, improves counting yield;
Jacobian matrix generation unit: calculate wave field error vector by observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate Jacobian matrix by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance;
Parameter optimization unit: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solve the system of linear equations being formed by Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters upgrading;
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit: fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in the horizontal direction that inverting is obtained
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0be converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equal value
1, ε
2and δ
3.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the method and apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt strategy and the conjugated gradient optimum algorithm of successively peeling off, with Full wave shape inversion method, carry out the anisotropic parameters of inverting underground medium.Pass through the embodiment of the present invention, in the time of can utilizing walking in geological data and amplitude information simultaneously, only use the primary seismic wave observation data that obtains from earth's surface just accurately inverting obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium, and Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision is high, convergence fast, accurately image for geologic objective provides base to go out on the one hand, can improve the precision of reservoir prediction on the other hand, especially the accuracy of slit formation reservoir prediction, thus technical support provided for the exploratory development of oil and gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the geologic model schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test;
Fig. 4 is the common midpoint gather oscillogram that the forward simulation of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test geologic model obtains;
Fig. 5 a is the residual error sectional view of initial model during first and second layers of medium of inverting and correct model in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 5 b is the error section after twice of iteration during first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 5 c is the error section after iteration five times during first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 5 d is the error section after iteration seven times during first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 6 a is the initial model after twice of iteration and the residual error sectional view of correct model during third and fourth layer of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 6 b is the initial model after iteration four times and the residual error sectional view of correct model during third and fourth layer of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 7 is the functional block diagram of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The invention provides a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method and device, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, utilize Full wave shape inverting to realize the anisotropic parameters of VTI, HTI and orthotropic media is estimated.By Full wave shape inverting anisotropic parameters, in the time of can utilizing walking in geological data and amplitude information, make that inversion result precision is high, error is little, convergence is fast simultaneously.
For making object, technical scheme and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.At this, schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.Embodiment based in the present invention, for scientific research and the technician of this area, is not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.The scientific research of this area and technician, not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection domain of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, first geological data is carried out to denoising, eliminate as much as possible the impact of the noises such as ground roll.Utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means to calculate NMO speed, set up initial velocity model.Each parameter to initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates respectively corresponding new model.Model after initial model and parameter perturbation is carried out respectively to seismic wave field and just drilling numerical simulation, generate and just drilling accordingly seismic wave field data.Then calculate wave field error vector and Jacobian matrix, adopt the strategy of successively peeling off, use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to carry out inverting, obtain the model anisotropic parameter of renewal.
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, the inventive method comprises the steps:
(1) obtain the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, i.e. seismological observation data in Fig. 1;
(2) described geological data is carried out to denoising, to eliminate the impact of the noises such as ground roll;
(3) use earthquake CMP road set information, utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means, calculate the interval velocity of acline; DuiCMP road collection data are calculated the coherence of road collection signal with a little time window along hyperbolic locus, obtain velocity spectrum, the time occurring according to effective lineups on velocity spectrum, pick up and there is the highest coherence's velocity function, be interpreted as stack velocity, be NMO speed (a kind of root-mean-square velocity), then use Dix formula below
calculate the interval velocity of acline, i.e. NMO interval velocity.
(4) utilize NMO interval velocity, the mode by interpolation builds initial model; Use NMO speed data, utilize the mode of calculating apart from inverse ratio weighted interpolation to build initial model.
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out to small sample perturbations, generate the new model after corresponding disturbance;
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after initial model and parameter perturbation is carried out respectively to seismic wave field is just drilling numerical simulation (core of this inversion method is being exactly forward simulation program, it is based on 3 dimension anisotropy scalar wave equations, the method of employing finite difference is simulated the seismic response (Dong and McMechan, 1991) of anisotropic medium.List of references: Numericalmodeling of seismic waves with a 3-D anisotropic scalar-waveequation:Bull.Seismic.Soc.Am., 1991,81,769-780), what generate each model just drills seismic wave field data;
(7) the seismic wave field data that generate after forward modeling are carried out to bandpass filtering, to remove some noises that numerical evaluation is brought;
(8) by observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate wave field error vector, by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance, calculate Jacobian matrix;
Jacobian matrix is calculated by following formula:
In formula, n is total number of model parameter, and m is time domain sampling number, and A is m * n rank Jacobian matrixs, and each element is amplitude S
iwith respect to model parameter x
jthe partial derivative of (j=1, n).By n parameter carried out respectively to small disturbance, then to the model after n disturbance, adopt respectively finite difference to carry out forward simulation, thereby obtain Jacobian matrix.
(9) using conjugated gradient optimum algorithm (is a kind of inversion algorithm, please refer to < < inverse theory in geophysics > > mono-book 123-132 page, Wang Jiaying writes, Higher Education Publishing House), solve the system of linear equations that Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector form, obtain the model anisotropic parameter of renewal;
Specifically, described system of linear equations is as follows:
AX＝B
Wherein
A is Jacobian matrix, and B is wave field error vector.
(10) model that inverting is obtained to upgrade carries out seismic wave field and is just drilling numerical simulation, asks for objective function, gets back to step (5), and iteration is carried out, and when objective function is enough little or reach maximum iteration time, finishes inverting;
(11) the quadrature velocity of longitudinal wave in three directions that inverting obtained is converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equal value.
The inventive method is used three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation forward simulation to obtain theoretical wave field, while having utilized walking in geological data in objective function and amplitude information simultaneously, therefore can overcome the impact of earthquake noise, adopting Full wave shape inverting to realize estimates the anisotropic parameters of VTI, HTI and orthotropic media, have that inversion result precision is high, error is little, restrain fast feature, can realize the Accurate Prediction to the anisotropic parameters of underground Reservoir anisotropy medium, for the exploratory development of anisotropic medium reservoir provides support.
The inventive method is a kind of linear inversion method, and error and defined each parameter of anisotropy rate pattern of calculating between wave field and observation wave field data are linear scaling; In refutation process, adopt the strategy of successively peeling off, each only anisotropic parameters of inverting adjacent two layers, until the complete all stratum of inverting; Its core is exactly that wave field is just being drilled numerical simulation, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopts the method for finite difference, carries out the seismic wave field of anisotropic medium and is just drilling numerical simulation; Its objective function O is observation seismic wave field and the quadratic sum of just drilling numerical simulation seismic wave field amplitude residual error:
A
prfor the data of prediction, A
obfor observation data, N is the number of samples of time domain; By linear inversion, obtain each parameter of upgrading, and for inverting next time, iteration is until the enough little value of objective function e is set as e=1.0E-3 * O conventionally
0, O
0target function value for initial model; The inventive method needs error of calculation vector Jacobian matrix.Error vector is predicted data that each sampled point is corresponding and the difference of vibration of observation data.Jacobian matrix be amplitude with respect to the partial derivative of model parameter, then it adopt method of finite difference to carry out respectively forward simulation, thereby obtain Jacobian matrix by each parameter of model is carried out to small disturbance; The inventive method is used vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, level to the velocity of longitudinal wave on 3 orthogonal directionss of slow velocity of longitudinal wave, to replace elastic tensor to fast velocity of longitudinal wave and level, characterizes anisotropy.After inverting finishes, utilize inverting to obtain 3 velocity o P waves on orthogonal directions and go out Thomsen dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equal value; The inventive method is described by 5 parameters for the rate pattern of every layer, is respectively: slow velocity of longitudinal wave in fast velocity of longitudinal wave, horizontal direction in horizontal direction, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, level are to position angle, the zone thickness of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain the seismological observation data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, these seismological observation data can be both the geological datas that field earthquake-capturing obtains can be also for verifying the forward modeling data of inversion algorithm correctness;
Step 2: earthquake observation data is carried out to denoising, to eliminate as much as possible the impact of the noises such as ground roll;
Step 3: use earthquake CMP road set information, utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means, calculate the interval velocity of acline;
Step 4: utilize NMO interval velocity, the mode by interpolation builds initial model;
Step 5: load the initial model of structure or the model of renewal, prepare it to carry out inverting optimization;
Step 6: (this strategy is used for inverting to adopt the strategy successively peel off in the present embodiment, adopting the tactful object of successively peeling off is the number of parameters that at every turn needs inverting in order to reduce, reduce the scale of Jacobian matrix, reduce the number of system of linear equations unknown number, be unlikely to make matrix morbid state, inverting easily restrains.Can certainly adopt other method or strategy.), the anisotropic parameters of each inverting adjacent two layers, each like this 9 parameters of inverting that just only need, that is: fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction
i 90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction
i 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor
i p0, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
i, ground floor zone thickness h
i, fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal direction
i+1 90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal direction
i+1 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of the second layer
i+1 p0, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
i+1;
Step 7: each parameter to initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generates the new model after corresponding disturbance;
Step 8: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, the model after initial model and parameter perturbation is carried out respectively to seismic wave field and just drilling numerical simulation, what generate each model just drills seismic wave field data;
Step 9: the seismic wave field data that generate after forward modeling are carried out to bandpass filtering, to remove some noises that numerical evaluation is brought;
Step 10: calculate wave field error vector by observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate Jacobian matrix by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance;
Step 11: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solve the system of linear equations that Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector form, obtain model correction;
Step 12: the model correction obtaining with conjugate gradient inversion is carried out Renewal model anisotropic parameters, generates new model anisotropic parameter;
Step 13: the model that inverting is obtained to upgrade carries out seismic wave field and just drilling numerical simulation, asks for wave field error vector and objective function;
Objective function O is observation seismic wave field and the quadratic sum of just drilling numerical simulation seismic wave field amplitude residual error:
a
prfor the data of prediction, A
obfor observation data, N is the number of samples of time domain
Step 14: judge whether to finish the Optimization inversion on current stratum, enter the Optimization inversion on next stratum.If the change of wave field error vector is less than a minimal value or reaches maximum layer inverting iterations, finish the Optimization inversion to current stratum, get back to step 6, start the Optimization inversion to next stratum; Otherwise, continue current stratum to be optimized inverting;
Step 15: judge whether to finish inverting.When Optimization inversion was all carried out on all stratum, and objective function is enough little, finishes this inverting; Or the number of times of the whole inverting iteration of model is reached to maximum inverting iterations, finish equally this inverting; Otherwise, get back to step 5, Renewal model, enters the next round inverting optimization of successively peeling off;
Step 16: the velocity of longitudinal wave (V on three orthogonal directionss that inverting is obtained
90F, V
90S, V
p0) be converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters (ε of equal value
1, ε
2, δ
1, δ
2, δ
3).
According to foregoing invention embodiment, carry out l-G simulation test checking, designed a horizontal layer geologic model with four layers of medium and carried out l-G simulation test.
The geologic model schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test as shown in Figure 3.Ground floor medium is transverse anisotropy's medium (Vertical Transverse Isotropy, VTI) of vertical axis of symmetry, the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor medium level direction
1 90Ffor: 2300m/s, the slow velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor medium level direction
1 90Sfor: 2300m/s, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor medium
1 p0for: 2000m/s, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
1for: 0 degree, thickness is: h
1450m, the value of its Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε
1=δ
1=0.15, ε
2=δ
2=0.15, δ
3=0; Second layer medium is orthotropic media (Orthorhombic anisotropy), the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V of second layer medium level direction
2 90Ffor: 2300m/s, the slow velocity of longitudinal wave V of second layer medium level direction
2 90Sfor: 2300m/s, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of second layer medium
2 p0for: 2000m/s, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
2for: 29 degree, thickness is: h
2=350m, the value of its Thomsen dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε
1=δ
1=0.17, ε
2=δ
2=0.06, δ
3=0.11; The 3rd layer of transverse anisotropy's medium (HorizontalTransverse Isotropy, HTI) that medium is horizontal symmetry axis, the 3rd layer of fast velocity of longitudinal wave V of medium level direction
3 90Ffor: 2003m/s, the 3rd layer of slow velocity of longitudinal wave V of medium level direction
3 90Sfor: 1830m/s, the 3rd layer of vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of medium
3 p0for 2003m/s, the 3rd layer of level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
3for: 60 degree, thickness is: h
3=150m, the value of its Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε
1=δ
1=0, ε
2=δ
2=-0.1, δ
3=0.11; The 4th layer of medium is isotropic medium (Isotropy), and velocity of longitudinal wave is: V
4 p=3500.
Analogue observation data used with inverting in identical the Forward Modeling and program, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt the method for finite difference simulate the seismic response signal of generation anisotropic medium.Stratum for horizontal distribution, common-shot-gather is the same with the seismic response signal of common midpoint gather, and the geologic model that this l-G simulation test is used is layer-cake model, so, in embodiments of the present invention, take and the seismic response signal of common-shot-gather is carried out to Full wave shape inverting introduce technical solution of the present invention as example.As shown in Figure 3, source location is (x, y, z)=(30,30,40) rice, forward simulation is used hypocenter of the explosion, wave detector is arranged on the grid of a two-dimensional rectangle, and focus is positioned at the same degree of depth, and the offset distance in x and y direction is all from 0 to 1000 meter, and track pitch is 10m, the side of model and bottom surface all adopt absorbing boundary condition, and earth's surface adopts free boundary condition, and wavelet adopts the Ricker wavelet that centre frequency is 12Hz.
By wave detector, gather the seismic response signal data of common-shot-gather, then by the seismic signal of common-shot-gather, be pumped into common midpoint gather data, the oscillogram of the seismic response signal of the common midpoint gather obtaining.As shown in Figure 4, D is direct wave, R1 is the reflection wave of first reflecting interface between ground floor and second layer medium, and R2 is the reflection wave of second reflecting interface between the second layer and the 3rd layer, and R3 is the reflection wave of the 3rd reflecting interface between third and fourth layer.
For same common midpoint, the common midpoint gather to X and Y both direction, carries out isotropy normal moveout correction and estimates initial model parameter respectively.The initial model of setting up by isotropy normal moveout correction has guaranteed that the composite traces of simulation has correct whilst on tour in shortcut certificate, thereby has avoided cycle slip, makes linear inversion iteration progressively to approach correct result.
Every one deck is described anisotropy by 5 parameters.In order to reduce the number of the unknown number in each iterative process, adopt the strategy of successively peeling off, the process of the whole parameters of inverting is divided into the refutation process of a plurality of independent inverting two-layer model, inverting adjacent two layers only at every turn, thereby the number of parameters of each inverting is reduced to 9, excitation parameter 1 to 9 in corresponding diagram 2, wherein 5 parameter (fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction that are overlying strata
i 90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction
i 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor
i p0, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
i, ground floor zone thickness h
i), 4 parameter (fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal direction that are underlying formation
i+1 90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal direction
i+1 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of the second layer
i+1 p0, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave
i+1), under cover bottom and be considered as the semi-infinite space, the thickness on not inverting second layer stratum.
Adopt the strategy of successively peeling off, from ground floor, start to layer second from the bottom, successively loop inversion, until the complete all stratum of inverting.For the geologic model of the present embodiment l-G simulation test, have 4 layers of medium, the employing all stratum of successively loop inversion of strategy of peeling off need inverting 3 times, i.e. inverting is for the first time for the anisotropic parameters of first and second layers of medium of inverting, inverting is for the second time for the anisotropic parameters of inverting second and the 3rd layer of medium, and inverting is for the third time for the anisotropic parameters of third and fourth layer of medium of inverting.If after first round inverting, it is enough little that error does not reach yet, enters second and take turns successively loop inversion, so iterates, until reach enough precision.
For the geologic model of the present embodiment l-G simulation test, first inverting is first and second layers.The ground floor of the geologic model of l-G simulation test is VTI medium, and the second layer is orthotropic media; Initial model for inverting is used the moving school of isotropy NMO to obtain, and initial model parameter is in Table 1.The residual error section of initial model and correct model as shown in Figure 5 a, can be seen reflection wave R1, R2 and the R3 of direct wave D and three reflecting interfaces on residual error section.If the parameter of first and second layers that inverting obtains approaches the exact value of true model, on residual error section, the first reflecting interface reflection wave R1 between direct wave D and ground floor and the second layer will disappear, and reflection wave R2 and R3 remain unchanged.When Fig. 5 a to Fig. 5 d is depicted as the different iterations of first and second layers of inverting, the two-dimentional residual error section at y=1000m place.Fig. 5 b is the residual error section after twice of iteration, and Fig. 5 c is the residual error section after iteration five times, and Fig. 5 d is the residual error section after iteration seven times.As shown in Figure 5 b, after twice of iteration, direct wave D has not just had.Reflection wave R1 also weakens gradually along with the increase of iterations, but can not disappear completely.
Table 1
Table 2
After first and second layers of invertings, the inversion result of ground floor is as shown in table 1, after first and second layers of invertings, the inversion result of the second layer is as shown in table 2, as can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, through seven iterative inversions, the parameter of ground floor inverting has finally approached parameter value really and accurately very much.Also there are some errors in the inverted parameters of the second layer, this is consistent with the result that the residual error section shown in Fig. 5 a to Fig. 5 d is seen.This is the inverting because of ground floor and the second layer, can only be finally inversed by accurately the parameter of ground floor, still has error for the second layer, need to carry out the accurate parameter that second and the 3rd layer of inverting obtains the second layer.
Inverting second and the 3rd layer of medium.Initial model with the inversion results of first and second layers as second and the 3rd layer of inverting, this initial model has three layers of medium composition.The model parameter of second and the 3rd layer of medium realizes by inverting matching R1 and R2 reflection wave.After 5 iterative inversions, second layer medium has obtained good inversion result, and after inverting second and the 3rd layer, the inversion result of the second layer is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Third and fourth layer of medium of inverting.Initial model by the result of twice inverting above as third and fourth layer of inverting, realizes the inverting to the 3rd layer and the 4th layer medium by inverting matching R2 and R3 reflection wave.Shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b, be respectively iteration twice and iteration 4 times after, the two-dimentional residual error section at y=1000m place.Along with the increase of iterations, on residual error section, R2 and R3 reflection wave weaken gradually.After iteration 4 times, on residual error section, substantially there is no reflection wave, error is less than the minimum error values of expectation, stops inversion program, and this result is final inversion result.Fig. 6 b is depicted as the wave field residual error of the forward simulation data of observation data and the rate pattern that finally inverting obtains.
Table 4
Finally, the inversion result of four layer models is in Table 4.Inversion result is compared with correct model parameter, and 4 layers of 19 parameter have all obtained good inversion result, and the error of all parameters is all less than 2%.The 4th layer of equally also matching very good, this is due to the 4th layer of position isotropy half infinite medium, constraint that only need to top interface echo just can obtain good inversion result.
By the above-mentioned l-G simulation test that the embodiment of the present invention is carried out, verified the validity of seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method, only use the primary seismic wave observation data that obtains from earth's surface just accurately inverting obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium.In embodiments of the present invention, while utilizing walking in geological data and amplitude information simultaneously, adopt the method for Full wave shape inverting, make Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision high, on the one hand for the accurately image of geologic objective provides the foundation, can improve the precision of reservoir prediction on the other hand, the accuracy of slit formation reservoir prediction especially, thus provide technical support for the exploratory development of oil and gas.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides the device of a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inverting.Fig. 7 is the allomeric function block diagram of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 7, this device comprises:
Seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the primary seismic wave data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion;
Denoising unit, for removing the denoising of ground roll and other interfering noise to geological data;
Velocity analysis unit, is used earthquake CMP road set information, utilizes traditional NMO velocity analysis method, calculates the interval velocity of acline;
Initial model construction unit, the interval velocity that operating speed analytic unit calculates, the mode by interpolation builds the initial model for inverting;
Model parameter disturbance unit, carries out small sample perturbations to each parameter of initial model, regenerates respectively corresponding new model;
Wavefield forward modeling unit, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, the method for employing finite difference is simulated the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium;
Filter unit, carries out bandpass filtering to the seismic wave field data that generate after forward modeling, to remove some noise signals that numerical evaluation is brought;
Parallel computation unit, it is large that seismic wave field is just being drilled numerical simulation calculation amount, while very expending machine, based on MPI message transfer mode, realizes the parallel computation of Simulation of Seismic Wave, improves counting yield;
Jacobian matrix generation unit, calculates wave field error vector by observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance, calculates Jacobian matrix;
Parameter optimization unit, is used conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solves the system of linear equations that Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector form, and obtains the model anisotropic parameter of renewal;
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit, the quadrature compressional wave speed in three directions that inverting is obtained is converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equal value.
The course of work of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention describes in detail in method is above implemented, therefore repeat no more.
The advantage of the seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention is, in the time of can utilizing walking in geological data and amplitude information simultaneously, only use the primary seismic wave observation data that obtains from earth's surface just accurately inverting obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium, make Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision high, restrain soon.
The common scientific research of this area and technician are appreciated that all or part of flow process realizing in above-described embodiment, can come the hardware that instruction is relevant to complete by computer program, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, this program, when carrying out, can comprise the flow process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, described storage medium can be disk, laser disc, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random store-memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc.
Above embodiment only, in order to the technical scheme of embodiment to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the embodiment of the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, scientific research and the those of ordinary skill of this area are to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, the invention discloses on the basis of application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and be not limited only to the described method of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (6)
1. a seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) obtain the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, observe wave field data;
(2) geological data step (1) being obtained carries out denoising and obtains the data after denoising;
(3) data after the denoising that use step (2) obtains, according to the coordinate of shot point and geophone station, extract common midpoint gather and obtain earthquake CMP road set information, then utilize described earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline;
(4) utilize the interval velocity of the acline that step (3) obtains, the mode by interpolation builds the initial model for inverting;
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out to small sample perturbations, generate the model after parameter perturbation;
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after the parameter perturbation that the initial model that step (4) is obtained and step (5) obtain carries out respectively seismic wave field and is just drilling numerical simulation, what generate model after initial model and parameter perturbation just drills seismic wave field data, is respectively just to drill wave field data after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance;
(7) the seismic wave field data of just drilling that step (6) obtained are carried out bandpass filtering;
(8) by described observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate wave field error vector, by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance, calculate Jacobian matrix;
(9) use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to solve the system of linear equations being formed by described Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters of renewal, comprise fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0, level is to azimuth angle alpha, the zone thickness h of fast velocity of longitudinal wave, the model consisting of the anisotropic parameters upgrading is the model of renewal;
(10) model of renewal step (9) being obtained carries out seismic wave field and is just drilling numerical simulation, ask for objective function, if the value of objective function does not reach enough little value e and does not also reach maximum iteration time, return to step (5), if the value of objective function reaches enough little value e or reaches maximum iteration time, proceed to step (11);
(11) use three formula are below by fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in described horizontal direction
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0be converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equal value
1, ε
2and δ
3:
2. seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method is divided into N layer from top to bottom by initial model, the process of the whole parameters of inverting is divided into the refutation process of a plurality of independently inverting two-layer model, successively to the adjacent two-layer step (5) of carrying out to the processing of step (10); Initial model using the result of two-layer inverting above as two-layer inverting below.
3. seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described in described step (5), each parameter of initial model is carried out to small sample perturbations and be achieved in that for parameter a, by following formula, calculate the value a after its disturbance
p:
a
p＝a×(1+(rand-0.5)/10)
Wherein rand is a random number between 0-1.
4. seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described step (7) is specific as follows:
Described geological data is carried out to spectrum analysis, determine the parameter of bandpass filter, comprise that the low frequency, low passband, high passband, height cut cut frequently, then the described seismic wave field data of just drilling are carried out to Fourier transform, in frequency field, geological data is carried out to filtering, and then do inverse-Fourier transform.
5. seismic anisotropy parameter Full wave shape inversion method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in described step (10), and e=1.0E-3 * O
0, O
0target function value for initial model.
6. an Anisotropic parameters inversion device of realizing method described in claim 5, is characterized in that:
Seismic data acquisition cell: for obtaining the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion;
Denoising unit: for geological data being removed to the denoising of ground roll and other interfering noise;
Velocity analysis unit: use earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline;
Initial model construction unit: the interval velocity of the acline that operating speed analytic unit calculates, the mode by interpolation builds the initial model for inverting;
Model parameter disturbance unit: each parameter to initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates respectively corresponding new model;
Wavefield forward modeling unit: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, the method for employing finite difference is simulated the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium;
Filter unit: the seismic wave field data that generate after forward modeling are carried out to bandpass filtering, to remove some noise signals that numerical evaluation is brought;
Parallel computation unit: realize the parallel computation that seismic wave field is just being drilled numerical simulation based on MPI message transfer mode;
Jacobian matrix generation unit: calculate wave field error vector by observation wave field data and forward modeling wave field data, calculate Jacobian matrix by the wave field data of just drilling after forward modeling wave field data and model parameter disturbance;
Parameter optimization unit: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solve the system of linear equations being formed by Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters upgrading;
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit: fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in the horizontal direction that inverting is obtained
90F, slow velocity of longitudinal wave V in horizontal direction
90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V
p0be converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equal value
1, ε
2and δ
3.
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