CN103675900A - Method for determining optimum velocity profile of converted-wave pre-stack time migration during seismic data processing process - Google Patents
Method for determining optimum velocity profile of converted-wave pre-stack time migration during seismic data processing process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining optimum velocity profile of converted-wave pre-stack time migration during seismic data processing process. The method comprises the following steps: taking converted wave velocity changing with the seismic wave reflex time as the center velocity and velocity interval changing with the seismic wave reflex time as step length, forming a group of converted wave velocity functions changing with the seismic wave reflex time based on the velocity interval; obtaining a longitudinal wave velocity function and a transversal wave velocity function by utilizing a longitudinal wave/transversal wave velocity ratio; converting the seismic data into velocity spectrum form through the converted-wave pre-stack time migration by utilizing the velocity functions respectively; determining the optimum velocity used by the converted-wave pre-stack time migration according to energy punch strength and distribution positions on the velocity spectrum, and then generating the optimum velocity profile of converted-wave pre-stack time migration. The method can perform calculation in effective velocity range, greatly reduces the calculation amount for only requiring calculating the information output on the velocity analysis points, and therefore has improved practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration technology, belong to the technology category of subterranean zone imaging in process of seismic data processing, is a kind of method of definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity section.
Background technology
In the exploration of oil-gas resource, reflection seismic is conventional method.Its process is near earthquake-wave-exciting earth's surface, and seismic event, to underground propagation, after the boundary reflection between underground Different Strata, then returns to earth's surface.In the reflection seismic waves receiving on earth's surface, carrying the information of underground structure and lithology.The reflection seismic wave datum receiving, through processing, just can be obtained to underground geological condition, contribute to judge the distribution of petroleum gas.Along with the development of seismic exploration technique, Converted P-SV-Waves Exploration occurs and uses in increasing area at oil and gas exploration gradually.
Transformed wave is the shear wave that compressional wave produces on reflection horizon, and propagates into earth's surface with the form of shear wave.Because the polarization direction of shear wave and direction of propagation quadrature, thus the polarization direction level of approximation of the shear wave of propagating to earth's surface from reflection horizon, need can the vibration of detection level direction three-component seismometer receive transformed wave.Due to shear wave, on reflection horizon, to produce and propagate in stratum the formation properties that reflected formation properties reflects from compressional wave different, so not only use longitudinal wave exploration technology but also use Converted P-SV-Waves Exploration technology can more fully reflect the character on stratum, such as shear wave is not subject to the impact of fluid, if somewhere extremely only has a reflection on P-wave section, and not reflection on converted wave sectional plane can judge that this is the effect due to fluid extremely.This is significant for search for oil natural gas source.
Although comprising abundant subsurface information from the original earthquake data of field acquisition, but do not having not intuitively, show definitely.To understand definitely underground truth, must carry out multiple processing to the seismic exploration data of field acquisition, just can make the information wherein comprising be presented on people at the moment.Migration processing is to make the playback important means of its true reflection spot of reflection shooting data, is to guarantee that result of seismic explosion correctly reflects the conventional measure of underground geologic bodies actual position.Migration before stack can be no longer dependent on the HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY hypothesis (result not being played to any improvement effect for this type of medium skew) of stack institute foundation, makes the imaging effect of inclined reflection layer better, position is more accurate.Migration before stack is divided into pre-stack time migration and pre-stack depth migration.Pre-stack depth migration has been considered the bending of seismic ray on extended media, can adapt to violent lateral speed change.Pre-stack time migration adopts direct rays mode, although larger in the error of complex region, but reduced significantly calculated amount, strengthened practicality, make it to become the conventional processing means of generally using in the relative simple region of geological condition.
Fig. 1 has shown the principle of converted-wave prestack time migration.Horizontal line in figure represents earth's surface, and S represents shot point, and R represents geophone station, and M represents the central point of shot point-geophone station, and I is expressed as picture point.According to reflection seismology ray theory, when underground medium is homogeneous isotropic medium, for the compressional wave exciting at shot point S, the seismic event that is converted to shear wave and receives at geophone station R at I point, its whilst on tour t be the S point distance of ordering to I divided by velocity of longitudinal wave, add distance that I point orders to R divided by shear wave velocity.So a kind of method of pre-stack time migration is exactly the amplitude constantly of t on the seismic trace that excites, receives at geophone station R at shot point S to be placed on to the I point place of migration result.After all so processing for all imaging point I, all shot point S and all geophone station seismic amplitudes, really there is the imaging point position of reflection will be owing to producing strong amplitude with superimposed, otherwise, in the imaging point position that there is no a reflection due to non-with the amplitude a little less than superimposed produces relatively.Reflection horizon in this wise just in result the form with strong amplitude show.
What Fig. 1 showed is the situation in space.In fact only have the time of reception of reflection wave known, so will determine and also need to know the p-and s-wave velocity of underground medium in Fig. 1 from shot point S through imaging point I to the whilst on tour t of geophone station R.If velocity amplitude used is different from true medium velocity value in computation process, the whilst on tour t calculating so just has error, thereby the geological data gathering from different shot point S and geophone station R is really having the imaging point position of reflection also can not be completely with superimposed, so the amplitude of stack result can reduce, i.e. so-called " focusing effect is bad ".The velocity amplitude that only has employing and true medium velocity are worth when identical, can obtain the result of amplitude maximum.Just because of this, be just necessary and likely determine and apply correct migration velocity.
While carrying out pre-stack time migration, velocity field is not only essential information, and its impact is than also large in post-stack migration--and not only affect image space, and affect the focus level of imaging energy.Therefore, can obtain the sufficiently high velocity field of degree of accuracy, be the key that is related to pre-stack time migration success or failure.And migration velocity analysis and whether build an instrument reliable, convenient, practical is the deciding factor that pre-stack time migration can popularize.
In the prior art, determine that converted-wave prestack time migration speed is mainly progressively revised law, first adopt initial velocity to carry out converted-wave prestack time migration, according to migration result, carry out residual velocity analysis, accordingly initial velocity is revised, again carried out pre-stack time migration, if offset effect is still dissatisfied, again carry out residual velocity analysis, speed correction and skew, until obtain satisfied result.The advantage of this method is relatively simple, is convenient to realize.Shortcoming is offset effect and residual velocity nonlinear relationship, needs repeatedly iteration when initial velocity deviation is larger.Select the usual method of initial velocity for making transformed wave stack velocity through some modification.Because transformed wave stack and transformed wave migration before stack are according to diverse hypothesis, and adopt diverse algorithm, so the optimal parameter of the two (transformed wave stack velocity, converted-wave prestack time migration speed) often has certain difference, require the initial velocity of converted-wave prestack time migration to approach its optimum velocity and be difficult to realize.
The shortcoming of art methods has: 1. user of service needs special skills and experience; 2. treatment step is many, the cycle is long.So, for being popularized in an all-round way, uses pre-stack time migration, need to overcome above and other shortcoming of the prior art, the method for seeking more convenient and practical definite optimum velocity section for pre-stack time migration.
Summary of the invention
It is best that the object of the invention is to provide a kind of effect of seismic exploration data-switching ripple pre-stack time migration that makes, and reflects truly underground geological condition, the method for definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity section of the position that contributes to determine that potential hydrocarbon is hidden.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and concrete steps are:
1) near earth's surface, excite primary seismic wave, and on earth's surface, arrange three-component seismometer collection reflection transformed wave geological data;
2) using the transformed wave speed changing reflection interval with seismic event as central speed, using the speed interval that changes reflection interval with seismic event as step-length again, take central speed as basis, according to speed interval, form one group of transformed wave velocity function changing reflection interval with seismic event, utilize p-and s-wave velocity to obtain corresponding velocity of longitudinal wave function and shear wave velocity function than parameter, with scan mode, use respectively these velocity functions to carry out converted-wave prestack time migration to the geological data that step 1) was gathered;
The velocity amplitude of described central speed increases along with the increase of reflection interval, such as 500ms 1000m/s to 5000ms 1600m/s.
The velocity amplitude of described speed interval increases along with the increase of reflection interval, such as 500ms 10m/s to 5000ms 20m/s.
Step 2) described converted-wave prestack time migration comprise adopt in excision, with a little less than adapting to little geophone offset place transformed wave energy, situation that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low.
3) change the converted-wave prestack time migration result of different switching wave velocity into velocity spectrum form;
Subsidiary corresponding CRP gather and the migrated section section of more than one converted-wave prestack time migration speed of velocity spectrum described in step 3);
4) according to the intensity of lineups in the horizontality of lineups in the energy group intensity on velocity spectrum and distributing position, CRP gather and migrated section section, determine the optimum velocity that converted-wave prestack time migration is used;
Definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity used described in step 4) is:
Large and the distributing position of the energy group intensity of velocity spectrum meets geologic rule;
In CRP gather, to approach in level and migrated section section lineups strong for lineups.
5) pre-stack time migration optimum velocity definite on common reflection point is generated to optimum velocity section for pre-stack time migration.
The present invention, effectively calculating in velocity range, only calculates the information that need to export on velocity analysis point, has significantly reduced calculated amount, has improved practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of converted-wave prestack time migration;
Fig. 2 is the converted-wave prestack time migration velocity sweeping scope schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be time transformed wave offset effect velocity spectrum Local map on m-velocity plane;
Fig. 4 is the offset effect CRP road collection Local map of friction speed to different geophone offsets place on reflection line-ups;
Fig. 5 is that friction speed is to the little offset segment Local map of the offset effect of reflection line-ups;
Fig. 6 is converted-wave prestack time migration velocity analysis and the processing flow chart of building field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail.
The concrete implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
1) near earth's surface, adopt manual type to excite primary seismic wave, and on earth's surface, arrange that three-component seismometer is to gather reflection transformed wave geological data, the information of wherein carrying the lower geological condition that lands;
2) by the transformed wave speed changing reflection interval with seismic event (as 500ms 1000m/s, 2000ms 1150m/s, 3000ms 1300m/s, 5000ms 1600m/s etc.) as central speed, again with the speed interval that changes along with the seismic reflection time (as 500ms 10m/s, 2000ms 12m/s, 3000ms 15m/s, 5000ms 20m/s etc.) as step-length, take central speed as basis, deduct one, two, three ... speed interval, add one, two, three ... speed interval, form one group of transformed wave velocity function changing reflection interval with seismic event, utilize p-and s-wave velocity to obtain corresponding velocity of longitudinal wave function and shear wave velocity function than parameter, with scan mode, use respectively these velocity functions to carry out converted-wave prestack time migration to the geological data that step 1) was gathered,
Fig. 2 is the pre-stack time migration velocity sweeping scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
The universal law of the seismic wave propagation speed of underground medium is from shallow to improving deeply gradually.So, except extreme other situation (as high-velocity bed exposure), at shallow-layer, may there is hardly at a high speed (such as surpassing 2000m/s), and also may occur hardly low velocity (such as lower than 1500m/s) in deep layer.If do not consider this rule, depth layer is adopted to identical velocity sweeping scope, in most cases, at shallow-layer, use calculating high-speed and that use low velocity to carry out in deep layer that any significant information can be provided.
The scope of sweep velocity of the present invention is from shallow to improving deeply gradually, and do not adopt at shallow-layer, do not scan at a high speed, in deep layer, do not adopt low velocity to scan, so just overcome the shortcoming of first method constant-velocity scan method in background technology, improved counting yield yet.
After having inputted a pre stack data road, the just contribution to velocity spectrum in migration aperture according to following its sampling point of formula calculating:
In formula, t is the sampling point time on pre stack data road, t
ifor the transformed wave two-way time of imaging point I, t
ipfor the compressional wave single way time of imaging point, t
isfor the shear wave single way time of imaging point, x
1for the horizontal range of shot point S to imaging point I, x
2for the horizontal range of geophone station R to imaging point I, v
p(t
i) be velocity of longitudinal wave corresponding to certain scanning transformed wave migration velocity of imaging point I, v
s(t
i) be corresponding shear wave velocity.
The speed parameter using in (1) formula is respectively velocity of longitudinal wave v
p(t
i) and shear wave velocity v
s(t
i), but in transformed wave is processed, conventional parameter is transformed wave speed and vertical speed ratio, the pass between them is:
V in formula
pfor velocity of longitudinal wave, v
sfor shear wave velocity, v
psfor transformed wave speed, γ
0for vertical speed ratio.From transformed wave speed and vertical speed ratio, can calculate velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity like this.T
ipand t
isby transformed wave time t
icompare γ with vertical speed
0convert:
For concrete velocity spectrum position, the horizontal level of its imaging point is all identical, thus after input channel determines, after in other words shot point S and geophone station R determine, the x in (1) formula
1and x
2just immobilize, along with t
ichange velocity of longitudinal wave v
p(t
i) and shear wave velocity v
s(t
i) also can determine, (1) formula of employing just can calculate the sampling point time t on corresponding pre stack data road.Then t sampling point is constantly added on imaging point.
Because when geophone offset is little, conversion wave amplitude, close to zero, so data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is herein not high, if participate in stack, can produce harmful effect to stack result.In calculating, adopt inscribe divided by getting rid of these data, adapted to the situation that little geophone offset place transformed wave energy is weak, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, seen the lower left corner of each road collection in Fig. 4.
Successively through the circulation of imaging sampling point, the circulation of scanning shift speed, the circulation of velocity spectrum position and input channel circulation, just completed the imaging read group total of Migration velocity spectra in this manner.
At this moment, result of calculation has just reflected at the different transformed wave migration velocity in the Migration velocity spectra point place of appointment and the corresponding relation of migration result.
3) result of pre-stack time migration is changed and listed with velocity spectrum form with speed;
Velocity spectrum form described in step 3) comprises CRP gather and the migrated section section that more than one converted-wave prestack time migration speed is corresponding;
Result of calculation is shown as to the form of velocity spectrum, just can shows intuitively this corresponding relation, as shown in Figure 3.In figure, horizontal ordinate is transformed wave migration velocity, and ordinate is imaging time, and the energy group that in figure, amplitude is larger represents that imaging effect is better.As seen from the figure, transformed wave migration velocity is along with the time increases and increases.
As stack velocity spectrum, according to embodiments of the invention, Migration velocity spectra also can be attached Dao Ji and the little offset segment producing according to friction speed.The road collection that only converted-wave prestack time migration velocity spectrum is corresponding is not common transfer point (CCP) road collection, but common reflection point (CRP) road collection, as shown in Figure 4.According to the theory of pre-stack time migration, if the migration velocity adopting approaches correct speed, the lineups on CRP road collection can approach level, see road collection 1180ms, 1460ms middle in figure and the lineups at 2400ms place.When the transformed wave migration velocity adopting is on the low side, lineups upwarp at large geophone offset place, see the road collection in left side in figure; And when the transformed wave migration velocity adopting is higher, lineups are curved under large geophone offset place, see the road collection on right side in figure.This is also to judge one of criterion whether transformed wave migration velocity is correct.
Little offset segment, corresponding to the little stack section in stack velocity spectrum, is the migration result that adopts different switching ripple migration velocity to obtain in velocity spectrum position, as shown in Figure 5.Correct transformed wave migration velocity will obtain the reflection line-ups that energy is stronger, sees offset segment 1180ms, 1460ms middle in figure and the lineups at 2400ms place.Corresponding lineups in two other little offset segment of same time are more weak, also unstable.This is also to judge one of criterion whether transformed wave migration velocity is correct.
4) according to the intensity of lineups in the horizontality of lineups in the energy group intensity on velocity spectrum and distributing position, CRP gather and migrated section section, determine the optimum velocity that converted-wave prestack time migration is used;
Definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity used described in step 4) is:
Large and the distributing position of the energy group intensity of velocity spectrum meets geologic rule;
In CRP gather, to approach in level and migrated section section lineups strong for lineups;
5) by converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity T.G Grammar ripple optimum velocity section for pre-stack time migration definite on common reflection point.
On some velocity analysis points, determined after optimized migration speed, the interpolation through direction in space, just can obtain two-dimension speed section or 3D velocity field, for converted-wave prestack time migration, processes.
The present invention can synthetically determine the required argument of converted-wave prestack time migration--optimum velocity information according to above-mentioned criterion, to obtain best effect in converted-wave prestack time migration is processed.Through the processing of converted-wave prestack time migration, geological data just can represent the locus in underground reflection horizon exactly.These information contribute to for best location arrangements prospect pit, thereby improve the success ratio of prospect pit, reduce the risk of oil and gas exploration.
Converted-wave prestack time migration velocity analysis of the present invention and a treatment scheme of building and transformed wave stack velocity analysis are with to build field closely similar, as shown in Figure 6.Therefore, the treatment people with common seismic data processing experience also can be determined converted-wave prestack time migration speed parameter, makes converted-wave prestack time migration more be convenient to large-scale promotion and uses.
Use of the present invention and transformed wave stack velocity analysis are basic identical, and common geological data treatment people is as long as through simple training, just can carry out converted-wave prestack time migration velocity analysis.
The present invention determines the different scanning scope of different time according to the possible numerical value of converted-wave prestack time migration speed, guaranteed effectively in velocity range, calculating, and only the information that need to export on some velocity analysis points is calculated, reduce significantly calculated amount, improved practicality.
Claims (6)
1. a method for definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity section, feature is to realize as follows:
1) near earth's surface, excite primary seismic wave, and on earth's surface, arrange three-component seismometer collection reflection transformed wave geological data;
2) using the transformed wave speed changing reflection interval with seismic event as central speed, using the speed interval that changes reflection interval with seismic event as step-length again, take central speed as basis, according to speed interval, form one group of transformed wave velocity function changing reflection interval with seismic event, utilize p-and s-wave velocity to obtain corresponding velocity of longitudinal wave function and shear wave velocity function than parameter, with scan mode, use respectively these velocity functions to carry out converted-wave prestack time migration to the geological data that step 1) was gathered;
3) change the converted-wave prestack time migration result of different switching wave velocity into velocity spectrum form;
4) according to the intensity of lineups in the horizontality of lineups in the energy group intensity on velocity spectrum and distributing position, CRP gather and migrated section section, determine the optimum velocity that converted-wave prestack time migration is used;
5) pre-stack time migration optimum velocity definite on common reflection point is generated to optimum velocity section for pre-stack time migration.
2. according to the method for claim 1, feature is step 2) described converted-wave prestack time migration comprise adopt in excision, with a little less than adapting to little geophone offset place transformed wave energy, situation that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low.
3. according to the method for claim 1, feature is step 2) velocity amplitude of described central speed increases along with the increase of reflection interval, such as 500ms 1000m/s to 5000ms 1600m/s.
4. according to the method for claim 1, feature is step 2) velocity amplitude of described speed interval increases along with the increase of reflection interval, such as 500ms 10m/s to 5000ms 20m/s.
5. according to the method for claim 1, feature is subsidiary corresponding CRP gather and the migrated section section of more than one converted-wave prestack time migration speed of the velocity spectrum described in step 3).
6. according to the method for claim 1, feature is that the definite converted-wave prestack time migration optimum velocity used described in step 4) is:
Large and the distributing position of the energy group intensity of velocity spectrum meets geologic rule;
In CRP gather, to approach in level and migrated section section lineups strong for lineups.
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| CN106199704B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-04-24 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method |
| CN106772599A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method and device for calculating formation shear speed |
| CN108596327A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of seismic velocity spectrum artificial intelligence pick-up method based on deep learning |
| CN108596327B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2021-08-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence Picking Method for Seismic Velocity Spectrum |
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