CN103674800B - A kind of measurement mechanism of hyposmosis rock sample permeability and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of measurement mechanism of hyposmosis rock sample permeability and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring method and measurement mechanism of hyposmosis rock sample permeability, the method draws permeability by the concentration change measured through the measuring media of rock sample to be measured, adopts helium or sulfur hexafluoride to be measuring media.It comprises detection source of the gas (1), pressure regulator valve (2), a pair pressure transducer (4), rock sample room (5), constant volume room (6), gas concentration detection apparatus (7) and central control unit (8); Described detection source of the gas (1) is connected with described rock sample room (5) by pressure regulator valve (2), and the endpiece of described rock sample room is connected with the entrance of described constant volume room (6); Described gas concentration detection apparatus (7) is connected with described constant volume room (6), for detecting the gas concentration of described constant volume room (6); The output terminal of described gas concentration detection apparatus (7) is connected with described central control unit (8); The measuring method that measurement mechanism of the present invention adopts can Measurement accuracy minute gas flow, and can realize the mensuration of the hyposmosis rock sample permeabilities such as shale, mud shale, mud stone and tight sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring permeability of a rock sample, in particular to a device and a method for measuring permeability of a low-permeability rock sample.
Background
In the process of measuring the rock sample permeability in the geological field, the medium flow is an important parameter to be measured, and in the existing gas method (the measuring medium is gas) for measuring the rock sample permeability, a flow meter method and an artificial soap foam (film) method are commonly used in terms of automation degree.
A flow meter method: a group of flowmeters with different measuring ranges are connected in parallel on a gas path at the rear end (a measuring medium outlet) of the rock sample to be measured, and one flowmeter is selected to automatically measure the flow of the measuring medium according to the flow of the measuring medium flowing through the rock sample.
Artificial soap foam (film) method: on the rear end (measuring medium outlet) gas path of the rock sample to be measured, a quantitative pipe of a certain specification is selected and connected according to the flow rate of the measuring medium flowing through the rock sample, soap foam (film) is made at one end of the quantitative pipe, and the flow rate of the measuring medium is calculated according to the scale on the quantitative pipe and the time for the soap foam (film) to flow through a section of scale.
The two methods play an important role in the prior rock sample permeability determination process, obtain good effects, but with the development of oil and gas exploration and development work, particularly in unconventional oil and gas resource evaluation research and cap layer research work, the test workload of rock samples such as shale, mudstone, tight sandstone and the like is more and more, the rock samples often have the characteristics of low permeability and even ultra-low permeability, and the existing permeability measurement method has the defects that:
a flow meter method: the lower limit of detection of the existing flowmeter is high, and the requirement of micro gas flow measurement cannot be met. Although there is a flow meter capable of measuring a minute gas flow rate, the measurement cycle is long.
Artificial soap foam (film) method: firstly, when low-permeability rock samples such as shale, mudstone and compact sandstone are measured, it often takes a long time for soap scum (film) to move to reach a stable state. The two operating environments have an influence on the movement of soap foam (film), and measurement errors are easily generated. Thirdly, manual operation is carried out, and manual errors are easily generated during timing.
In a word, the existing flow measurement method is difficult to meet the requirement of micro gas flow measurement, so that the permeability of low-permeability rock samples such as shale, mudstone, tight sandstone and the like is difficult to measure, and a new method for micro gas flow measurement is very needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing permeability measuring method is difficult to measure the micro gas flow, so that the permeability of low-permeability rock samples such as shale, mudstone and compact sandstone is difficult to measure, the invention provides a measuring method and a measuring device for the permeability of low-permeability rock samples, which can measure the permeability of low-permeability rock samples.
The invention provides a measuring device for permeability of a low-permeability rock sample,
a measuring device for permeability of a low-permeability rock sample comprises a detection gas source 1, a pressure regulating valve 2, a pair of pressure sensors 4, a rock sample chamber 5, a constant volume chamber 6, a gas concentration detection device 7 and a central control unit 8;
the detection gas source 1 is connected with the rock sample chamber 5 through a pressure regulating valve 2, and the outlet end of the rock sample chamber is connected with the inlet of the constant volume chamber 6; the gas concentration detection device 7 is connected with the constant volume chamber 6 and is used for detecting the gas concentration of the constant volume chamber 6; the output end of the gas concentration detection device 7 is connected with the central control unit 8;
the pair of pressure sensors 4 are respectively arranged at an inlet of the rock sample chamber 5 and an outlet of the constant volume chamber 6; and the output ends of the pair of pressure sensors 4 are respectively connected with the central control unit 8.
The measuring device also comprises a confining pressure unit, wherein the confining pressure unit comprises a confining pressure gas source 9 and a confining pressure sleeve; the confining pressure sleeve is arranged in the rock sample chamber 5, and a rock sample to be detected is arranged in the confining pressure sleeve; the output end of the confining pressure air source 9 is connected with the rock sample chamber 5.
And a gas drying device 3 is arranged between the pressure regulating valve 2 and the rock sample chamber 5, and the gas drying device 3 is a villab drying tube.
In implementation, the measuring gas medium in the detection gas source 1 is helium or sulfur hexafluoride.
One end of the constant volume chamber 6 is communicated with the atmosphere and the volume of the constant volume chamber is fixed; the inner wall of the constant volume chamber 6 is smooth.
The central control unit is a processing chip or a computer and is used for receiving the sensor signals and analyzing, calculating and outputting data;
the gas concentration detection device 7 is one of an SCHUTZ type infrared gas detector, an LLD-100 type laser photoacoustic spectrum gas detector or an MIC-500 helium gas detector.
The other invention point of the invention is that the device carries out the measuring method of the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample
Step 1, experiment preparation step:
[11] drying the rock sample, cooling to room temperature, and measuring the length and diameter data of the rock sample; manually reading the atmospheric pressure data displayed by the atmospheric pressure gauge; measuring the volume of the constant volume chamber 6, inputting the data into the central control unit 8, and calculating the cross-sectional area of the rock sample according to the data;
[12] communicating the constant volume chamber 6 with the atmosphere;
[13] connecting the detection gas source 1, the pressure regulating valve 2, the gas drying device 3, the constant volume chamber 6, the rock sample chamber 5 and the gas concentration detection device 7 to a measurement gas passage; the gas concentration detection device 7 is connected with the central control unit 8;
in practical applications, step [14] is an unnecessary step and can be omitted when the operating environment is well ventilated. When the operating environment is not ventilated, the method also comprises,
[14] detecting to obtain a medium concentration background reference value:
under the condition that the detection gas source 1 is closed, the gas concentration detection device 7 is started, and the central control unit 8 acquires the concentration of a measurement medium in the constant volume chamber 6 as a background value;
step 2, detecting the concentration of the medium passing through the rock sample:
[31] setting confining pressure: the rock sample to be measured is loaded into the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber 5, the rock sample chamber 5 and the constant volume chamber 6 are connected, the confining pressure air source 9 is started, pressure is applied to the confining pressure sleeve, the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber 5 is tightly bound with the rock sample, and the rock sample is prevented from leaking at the contact position of the rock sample and the confining pressure sleeve;
[32] the pressure of the measuring medium output by the gas source 1 is regulated through the pressure regulating valve 2, the measuring medium passes through the rock sample chamber 5 and enters the constant volume chamber 6, and the central processing unit 8 acquires the concentration of the measuring medium in the constant volume chamber 6 detected by the gas concentration detection device 7 and the detection time data thereof;
and 3, obtaining the outlet flow of the measured medium:
[41] the central control unit 8 converts the concentration of the measuring medium into the outlet flow of the measuring medium;
Qo＝△N×V/△T（1）
wherein,
Qois the outlet gas flow rate, ml/s;
delta N is the variable quantity of the gas concentration of the constant volume chamber, ppm;
v is the volume of the constant volume chamber, cm3；
Δ T is the amount of change in time, s.
△ N of formula (1) is at time T1Time to T2In the time period, the variation of the concentration of the measuring medium in the constant volume chamber is determined, wherein the variation is △ N = N2-N1，N1Is T1Measuring the concentration, N, of the medium in a constant volume chamber2Is T2Measuring the concentration of the medium in the constant volume chamber at any moment;
and 4, step 4, outputting, namely outputting the data by the central control unit 8.
In the step 3, a step of detecting the permeability of the rock sample is also included [42 ]; which comprises the steps of preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
[421] the pair of pressure sensors 4 inputs signals to the central control unit 8, namely, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the measuring medium at two ends of the rock sample are collected;
[422] calculating to obtain the permeability;
the permeability needs to be measured by measuring the gas inlet pressure, outlet pressure, atmospheric pressure, rock sample length, cross-sectional area and gas viscosity data of the rock sample, and the calculation formula of the permeability is as follows:
Ka=2P0Q0μL/△PA(2P0+△p)（2）；
wherein,
ka is the permeability
P0Is atmospheric pressure in MPa;
Q0outlet gas flow rate, in mL/s;
μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s;
l is the length of the rock sample in cm;
a is the cross-sectional area of the rock sample in cm2；
Δ p is the pressure difference across the rock sample in Mpa.
In the step [31], the gas concentration detection means 7 acquires the conditions that: measuring the gas pressure range of the medium entering the rock sample chamber to be 0.1-0.2 Mpa; the pressure range on the confining pressure sleeve is 1.4-1.6 Mpa; the length of the pipeline between the rock sample chamber and the constant volume chamber is 10-20cm, and the diameter of the pipeline between the rock sample chamber and the constant volume chamber is 0.2-0.5 cm.
And (3) applying the pressure to the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber 5 in the step [31] to be 1.5 MPa.
The detection precision of the gas concentration detection device 7 and the detection range thereof should meet the measurement requirement, for example, the volume of the constant volume chamber 6 is 10cm3In this case, the range of the gas concentration detection device 7 is required to be at least 0-1000ppm, and the detection accuracy is required to be not less than 2% of the full range.
The measuring method of the measuring device for the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample is mainly carried out according to the following principle:
first, the conversion of concentration and flow rate is accomplished by the following formula:
Qo＝△N×V/△T（1）
wherein,
Qois the outlet gas flow rate, ml/s;
Δ N is the amount of change in the gas concentration of the constant volume chamber, and in the present invention, is expressed in ppm;
v is the volume of the constant volume chamber, cm3；
Δ T is the amount of change in time, s.
△ N of formula (1) is at time T1Time to T2During the time, the measurement is carried out in a constant volume chamberAmount of change in the medium concentration, amount of change △ N = N2-N1，N1Is T1Measuring the concentration, N, of the medium in a constant volume chamber2Is T2And measuring the concentration of the medium in the constant volume chamber at any moment. T is1、T2The determination of the time of day is done by software in the computer.
The above formula (1) can realize conversion between concentration and flow rate. Then, the calculation of the permeability is obtained by measuring the gas inlet pressure, outlet pressure, atmospheric pressure, rock sample length, cross section area and gas viscosity data of the rock sample and finally using a permeability calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula of the permeability adopted by the invention is as follows:
Ka=2P0Q0μL/△PA(2P0+△p)（2）；
wherein,
P0is atmospheric pressure in MPa;
Q0outlet gas flow rate, in mL/s;
μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s;
l is the length of the rock sample in cm;
a is the cross-sectional area of the rock sample in cm2；
Δ p is the pressure difference across the rock sample in Mpa.
The measuring method adopted by the measuring device can accurately measure the micro gas flow (for example, 0.0001 ml/min), and can realize the determination of the permeability of low-permeability rock samples such as shale, mudstone, tight sandstone and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the permeability tester for low permeability rock samples.
Description of reference numerals:
1-detecting a gas source; 2-pressure regulating valve; 3-a gas drying device; 41-a pressure sensor; 42-a pressure sensor;
5-a rock sample chamber; 6-constant volume chamber; 7-gas concentration detection means; 8-a central control unit; 9-confining pressure air source
Detailed Description
The measuring device for the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample as shown in figure 1 comprises: a detection gas source 1, a pressure regulating valve 2, a gas drying device 3, a pressure sensor 4, a rock sample chamber 5, a constant volume chamber 6, a gas concentration detection device 7, a central control unit 8 such as a computer, and a confining pressure gas source 9, wherein the detection gas source 1 is connected with the pressure regulating valve 2 so as to regulate the pressure of the measuring medium output by the gas source 1 through the pressure regulating valve 2, the gas drying device 3 is connected with the pressure regulating valve 2 and the rock sample chamber 5, the rear end of the rock sample chamber 5 is connected with the constant volume chamber 6, the constant volume chamber 6 is communicated with the atmosphere, the rock sample chamber is connected with a gas concentration detection device 7 to measure the concentration of a measuring medium in the constant volume chamber 6, the inlet of the rock sample chamber 5 and the outlet of the constant volume chamber 6 are respectively connected with a pressure sensor 4, each pressure sensor 4 and the gas concentration detection device 7 are connected with a computer 8, the rock sample chamber 5 is connected with another confining pressure gas source 9, and the gas source 9 is used for applying pressure to a confining pressure sleeve in the rock chamber 5. The inner wall of the constant volume chamber 6 is smooth, and the gas source 1 for outputting the measuring medium is usually helium or sulfur hexafluoride.
The invention provides a method for measuring permeability of a low-permeability rock sample, which obtains gas flow by measuring concentration change of a measuring medium, and further calculates the permeability, and the method mainly comprises the steps of data entry, measurement and calculation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) drying the rock sample, cooling to room temperature, measuring the length and diameter data of the rock sample by using a vernier caliper, manually reading atmospheric pressure data displayed by an atmospheric pressure gauge, measuring the volume V of the constant volume chamber 6, inputting the data into a computer 8, and calculating the cross-sectional area of the rock sample by using the computer 8;
2) the constant volume chamber 6 is communicated with atmosphere, so that the constant volume chamber can be mixed with an inflowing measuring medium in the measuring process, and the concentration of the mixed measuring medium can be conveniently measured (if the constant volume chamber is not communicated with the atmosphere, an instrument is closed, the pressure of a closed space is increased along with the increasing amount of the inflowing measuring medium, and the detection is not facilitated);
3) connecting the constant volume chamber 6, the rock sample chamber 5 and the gas concentration detection device 7, closing the gas source 1, starting the gas concentration detection device 7, and collecting the concentration of a measurement medium in the constant volume chamber 6 as a background value by the computer 8;
4) loading a rock sample to be measured into a confining pressure sleeve of a rock sample chamber 5, opening an air source 9 connected with the rock sample chamber 5, and applying pressure to the confining pressure sleeve to enable the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber 5 to tightly wrap the rock sample so as to avoid leakage of a measuring medium at the contact part of the rock sample and the confining pressure sleeve, wherein the pressure applied to the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber 5 is 1.5MPa generally;
5) the pressure of the measuring medium output by the gas source 1 is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 2, the pressure is usually regulated to 0.1-0.2Mpa so as to enable the measuring medium to pass through the rock sample chamber 5 and enter the constant volume chamber 6, and the gas as the measuring value in the constant volume chamber 6 is constant within a certain time (△ T, T) under the condition that the working parameters such as the gas pressure as the measuring medium, the pressure on the confining pressure sleeve, the length and the diameter of a pipeline and the like are constant2-T1) Magnitude of concentration rise (△ N, △ N = N)2-N1) The gas concentration detection device 7 automatically collects concentration data and detection time data of a measured medium in the constant volume chamber 6 through the computer 8, the computer 8 converts the concentration of the measured medium into the outlet flow of the measured medium according to the formula (1), and meanwhile, the computer 8 and the pressure sensor 4 automatically collect the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the measured medium at two ends of the rock sample;
6) the computer 8 calculates the permeability of the rock sample according to the formula (2).
In the method for measuring the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample, the gas source 1 for outputting the measuring medium is usually helium or sulfur hexafluoride, and the gas has the property of inert gas, wherein the content of helium in the atmosphere is about 5 ppm. The gas source 9 connected to the rock sample chamber 5 is high-pressure air, which is high-pressure air stored in a steel cylinder after water removal and other treatment, and generally has a pressure of about 1-20Mpa, and the pressure of the air is adjusted and controlled by a pressure adjusting device on the steel cylinder, and generally the gas with a pressure of 1.5Mpa is used for applying a confining pressure to a confining pressure sleeve in the rock sample chamber 5.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample is characterized in that the method measures the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample by a measuring device of the permeability of the low-permeability rock sample,
the device comprises a detection gas source (1), a pressure regulating valve (2), a pair of pressure sensors (41, 42), a rock sample chamber (5), a constant volume chamber (6), a gas concentration detection device (7) and a central control unit (8);
the detection gas source (1) is connected with the rock sample chamber (5) through a pressure regulating valve (2), and the outlet end of the rock sample chamber is connected with the inlet of the constant volume chamber (6); the gas concentration detection device (7) is connected with the constant volume chamber (6) and is used for detecting the gas concentration of the constant volume chamber (6); the output end of the gas concentration detection device (7) is connected with the central control unit (8);
the pair of pressure sensors (41, 42) are respectively arranged at the inlet of the rock sample chamber (5) and the outlet of the constant volume chamber (6); and the output ends of the pair of pressure sensors (41, 42) are respectively connected with the central control unit (8),
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, experiment preparation step:
[11] drying the rock sample, cooling to room temperature, and measuring the length and diameter data of the rock sample; manually reading atmospheric pressure data displayed by an atmospheric pressure gauge; measuring the volume of the constant volume chamber (6), inputting each data into the central control unit (8), and calculating the cross-sectional area of the rock sample by the central control unit;
[12] communicating the constant volume chamber (6) with the atmosphere;
[13] connecting the detection gas source (1), the pressure regulating valve (2), the gas drying device (3), the constant volume chamber (6), the rock sample chamber (5) and the gas concentration detection device (7) to a measurement gas passage; connecting a gas concentration detection device (7) with the central control unit (8);
step 2, detecting the concentration of the medium passing through the rock sample:
[31] setting confining pressure: the method comprises the steps of loading a rock sample to be measured into a confining pressure sleeve of a rock sample chamber (5), connecting the rock sample chamber (5) with a constant volume chamber (6), starting a confining pressure gas source (9), applying pressure to the confining pressure sleeve, and enabling the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber (5) to tightly bind the rock sample so as to prevent a measuring medium from leaking at the contact part of the rock sample and the confining pressure sleeve;
[32] the pressure of a measuring medium output by the detection gas source (1) is adjusted through the pressure adjusting valve (2) and is enabled to pass through the rock sample chamber (5) and enter the constant volume chamber (6), and the central processing unit (8) collects the concentration of the measuring medium in the constant volume chamber (6) collected by the gas concentration detection device (7) and corresponding detection time data;
and 3, obtaining the outlet flow of the measured medium:
[41] the central control unit (8) converts the concentration of the measuring medium into the outlet flow of the measuring medium;
Qo＝△N×V/△T(1)
wherein,
Qois the outlet gas flow rate, ml/s;
delta N is the variable quantity of the gas concentration of the constant volume chamber, ppm;
v is the volume of the constant volume chamber, cm3；
Δ T is the amount of change in time, s;
△ N of formula (1) is at time T1Time to T2During the time, the variable quantity of the concentration of the measuring medium in the constant volume chamber is determined, and the variable quantity △ N is equal to N2-N1，N1Is T1Measuring the concentration, N, of the medium in a constant volume chamber2Is T2Measuring the concentration of the medium in the constant volume chamber at any moment;
and 4, outputting, namely outputting the data by the central control unit (8).
2. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the measuring device also comprises a confining pressure unit, wherein the confining pressure unit comprises a confining pressure air source (9) and a confining pressure sleeve; the confining pressure sleeve is arranged in the rock sample chamber (5), and a rock sample to be detected is arranged in the confining pressure sleeve; and the output end of the confining pressure gas source (9) is connected with the rock sample chamber (5).
3. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and a gas drying device (3) is arranged between the pressure regulating valve (2) and the rock sample chamber (5).
4. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and a measuring gas medium in the detection gas source (1) is helium or sulfur hexafluoride.
5. A method for measuring the permeability of a low permeability rock sample according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
one end of the constant volume chamber (6) is communicated with the atmosphere and the volume of the constant volume chamber is fixed; the inner wall of the constant volume chamber (6) is smooth.
6. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the measuring device also comprises a gas pressure sensor which is connected with the central control unit; the central control unit is a processing chip or a computer and is used for receiving the sensor signals and analyzing, calculating and outputting data;
the gas concentration detection device (7) is one of an SCHUTZ type infrared gas detector, an LLD-100 type laser photoacoustic spectrum gas detector or an MIC-500 helium gas detector.
7. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 3, a step of detecting the permeability of the rock sample is also included [42 ]; which comprises the steps of preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
[421] the pair of pressure sensors (41, 42) input signals to the central control unit (8), namely, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the measuring medium at the two ends of the rock sample are collected;
[422] calculating to obtain the permeability;
the permeability is obtained by measuring the gas inlet pressure, outlet pressure, atmospheric pressure, rock sample length, cross-sectional area and gas viscosity data of the rock sample, and the calculation formula of the permeability is as follows:
Ka＝2P0Q0μL/△PA(2P0+△P)(2)；
wherein,
ka is the permeability
P0Is atmospheric pressure in MPa;
Q0outlet gas flow rate, in mL/s;
μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s;
l is the length of the rock sample in cm;
a is the cross-sectional area of the rock sample in cm2；
Δ P is the pressure difference across the rock sample in Mpa.
8. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method also comprises the step 1 that,
[14] and detecting to obtain a medium concentration background reference value:
and starting the gas concentration detection device (7) under the condition of closing the detection gas source (1), wherein the central control unit (8) collects the concentration of a measurement medium in the constant volume chamber (6) as a background reference value.
9. The method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step [31], the gas concentration detection means (7) collects conditions that: measuring the gas pressure range of the medium entering the rock sample chamber (5) to be 0.1-0.2 Mpa; the pressure range on the confining pressure sleeve is 1.4-1.6 Mpa; the length of the pipeline between the rock sample chamber and the constant volume chamber is 10-20cm, and the diameter of the pipeline between the rock sample chamber and the constant volume chamber is 0.2-0.5 cm.
10. A method for measuring the permeability of a low permeability rock sample according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that:
and (5) in the step [31], applying the pressure to the confining pressure sleeve of the rock sample chamber (5) to be 1.5 MPa.
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| CN105372166B (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for obtaining permeability of argillaceous sandstone |
| CN105628578A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-01 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device for evaluating water blocking and releasing properties of core |
| CN105717026B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-04-05 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of adjustable coal petrography seepage flow experiment system of outlet pressure and method |
| CN109975169A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A test method for gas permeability coefficient of surrounding rock |
| CN110455694B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Rock sample permeability determination method |
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