CN103651382A - 一种含壳寡糖的杀虫组合物及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于植物保护领域，特别是涉及一种含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物，该组合物中含有壳寡糖外，还含有氰虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟啶虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫酰胺中的一种，壳寡糖与另一种有效成分的质量份数比为0.1:1-50，组合物可加工配制成悬浮剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、微乳剂或水乳剂。杀虫组合物用于防治作物鳞翅目害虫或同翅目害虫，对小菜蛾、菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾、稻纵卷叶螟、苹果卷叶蛾有优良防效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护领域，特别是涉及一种含壳寡糖的杀虫组合物及应用。
背景技术
农业生产中，作物病虫害对农药产品的抗药性逐渐增强，而且，同一种作物的病虫害往往同时发生，农民在单独防治虫害或病害时往往顾此失彼，不但误工且错失防治时机，从而又加大用药量等。由于单一和不科学用药，造成了农民成本提高、环境污染和生态环境的破坏等。用不同结构、不同作用机理、环境友好型的活性成分进行复配，并合理添加助剂制成新农用组合物，是减少和延缓抗性害虫、扩大防治靶标、提高药效、减少环境污染的有效途径。
壳寡糖作为一类重要的植物诱导抗病剂，来源于植物的寡聚糖的研究，研究表明，壳寡糖在抵御病原菌侵蚀的过程中，能诱导激发植物产生一系列的防御反应，这些防御反应协同作用阻止病原菌的传播和入侵，达到防病治病的作用。同时，壳寡糖也是一类新的植物激素，具有调节和控制植物生长发育等作用，它能发出调节特定植物功能的信息，这些功能包括促生长、抗寒、抗旱等。
发明人进行了大量壳寡糖与酰胺类杀虫成分的药效试验，发现了许多意想不到的效果。该发明提高药效和扩大防治靶标，利于减少用药次数、降低农本及提高农产品经济效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物，提高药效、扩大防治靶标、具有肥效。
本发明提供一种含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物，还含有氰虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟啶虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫酰胺中的一种，壳寡糖与上述任一种农药成分质量份数比为0.1:1-50。优选的，质量份数比为1:1-20。
本发明的上述组合物加工配制成悬浮剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、微乳剂或水乳剂。
本发明还提供了上述组合物用于防治作物虫害的用途，所述虫害为鳞翅目害虫或同翅目害虫。优选的，害虫为鳞翅目害虫中的小菜蛾、菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾、稻纵卷叶螟、苹果卷叶蛾。
本发明的壳寡糖可以通过任意方法制备，例如壳聚糖通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-20的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或者，通过从真菌细胞壁或昆虫体壁中提取得到甲壳素并通过物理降解法、化学降解法、酶降解法、糖基转移法、复合降解法等方法制备得到的聚合度为2-20的低聚壳聚糖的混合物。或者，通过由氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键化学合成聚合而成的聚合度为2-20的聚合物的混合物。所以无论通过何种方法制备得到，或者通过上述制备方法制备得到的市售产品，只要其是氨基葡萄糖通过1,4-糖苷键连接而成的聚合度为2-20、平均分子量为1000-3000道尔顿的高分子聚合物的混合物就是目前市场所用的壳寡糖。
本发明的组合物与现有技术相比，产生以下有益效果：
（1）农药组合物扩大了应用靶标和效果，一次施药能够同时防治虫害和病害，减少用药量或用药次数；
（2）由于农药组合物中活性成分的作用机理不同，根据害虫抗药性理论和实践，其应用能够延缓病虫害对药剂的抗性发展，延长单剂使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下所述仅用于解释本发明，对于不偏离本发明精神和原则所做的修改、替换或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1 10%壳寡糖·氰虫酰胺颗粒剂
将壳寡糖2.5g、氰虫酰胺7.5g、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物5g、烷基苯磺酸钠5g、细沙10g、膨润土30g混合，将混合物进行超细粉碎后造粒、干燥、筛分，既制成10%壳寡糖·氰虫酰胺颗粒剂。
实施例2 12%壳寡糖·氟虫双酰胺水分散粒剂
将壳寡糖3g、氟虫双酰胺9g、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物10g、烷基苯磺酸钠5g、白炭黑补足100g混合，将混合物进行超细粉碎后造粒、干燥、筛分，既制成12%壳寡糖·氟虫双酰胺水分散粒剂。
实施例3 8%壳寡糖·氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂
将壳寡糖2g、氟啶虫酰胺6g、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物8g、烷基苯磺酸钠4g、白炭黑补足100g混合，将混合物进行超细粉碎后造粒、干燥、筛分，既制成8%壳寡糖·氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂。
实施例4 16%壳寡糖·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂
将壳寡糖4g、氯虫苯甲酰胺12g、木质素磺酸钠3g、茶枯粉5g、膨润土5g、硅酸铝镁2g、乙二醇10g充分混合，加水25g充分研磨，水补足至100g，配制成16%壳寡糖·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂。
实施例5 16%壳寡糖·噻虫酰胺悬浮剂
将壳寡糖4g、噻虫酰胺12g、木质素磺酸钠4g、茶枯粉6g、膨润土5g、硅酸铝镁3g、乙二醇4g充分混合，加水15g充分研磨，水补足至100g，配制成16%壳寡糖·噻虫酰胺悬浮剂。
实施例6 含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物对甘蓝害虫的效果
药剂配制：试验原药为厂家提供原药，由我公司技术中心制剂室制成需要的制剂。试验前，根据不同配比方案配制成不同的浓度。
接虫：9cm培养皿中放入大小一致的甘蓝叶碟3片，挑选整齐均匀一致的3龄幼虫于培养皿中，每皿接虫30头。
喷雾：用POTT喷雾塔在50PSI压力下喷雾，每次喷药2毫升。叶碟正反面都进行喷雾。喷雾从低浓度开始，空白对照喷等量清水，每浓度喷三个皿。喷完后放入养虫室（25±1℃，12H/12H）中。
调查统计：处理48小时后检查死虫数，用Abbott公式计算校正死亡率。
理论效果中，x为浓度为a时的物质A的效果，y为浓度为b时的物质B的效果,比较理论效果和实际效果，评价组合物的协同作用。结果见表1。
表1 含壳寡糖的组合物对小菜蛾及菜青虫的效果
从表1看出，壳寡糖与氰虫酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氟虫双酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氟啶虫酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氯虫苯甲酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与噻虫酰胺的组合物对甘蓝小菜蛾及菜青虫的实际效果均高于理论效果，表现出明显的协同增效作用。
实施例7 含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物对棉花害虫的效果
根据试验方案，配制复配剂及单剂，并进行活性预试验。根据活性测定预试验，将制剂配制成需要的浓度。试验前，在棉花田设置小区、挂牌，调查棉花田斜纹夜蛾基数，并设相应单剂和空白对照，采用手持喷雾器常规常量喷雾。药后7d调查药剂对斜纹夜蛾的效果。使用Abbot公式，将百分率转换成防效。
理论效果中，x为浓度为a时的物质A的效果，y为浓度为b时的物质B的效果,比较理论效果和实际效果，评价组合物的协同作用。结果见表2。
表2 含壳寡糖的杀虫组合物对斜纹夜蛾的田间效果
从表2看出，壳寡糖与氰虫酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氟虫双酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氟啶虫酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与氯虫苯甲酰胺的组合物、壳寡糖与噻虫酰胺的组合物对棉花斜纹夜蛾的实际效果均高于理论效果，表现出协同增效作用效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种含有壳寡糖的杀虫组合物，该组合物中含有壳寡糖外，还含有氰虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟啶虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫酰胺中的一种，壳寡糖与任一种农药成分质量份数比为0.1:1-50。
2.根据权利要求1的杀虫组合物，其特征在于质量份数比为1:1-20。
3.根据权利要求2的杀虫组合物，其特征在于组合物加工配制成悬浮剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、微乳剂或水乳剂。
4.根据权利要求3的杀虫组合物用于防治作物虫害的用途，其特征在于所述害虫为鳞翅目害虫或同翅目害虫。
5.根据权利要求4的用途，其特征在于害虫为小菜蛾、菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾、稻纵卷叶螟、苹果卷叶蛾。
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| CN104304286A (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-28 | 山东中大药业有限公司 | 一种有效成分为壳寡糖和印楝素的悬浮剂 |
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