CN103635096A - 被包封的酸、其制备方法及包括所述被包封的酸的咀嚼型胶基糖 - Google Patents
被包封的酸、其制备方法及包括所述被包封的酸的咀嚼型胶基糖 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103635096A CN103635096A CN201280032314.9A CN201280032314A CN103635096A CN 103635096 A CN103635096 A CN 103635096A CN 201280032314 A CN201280032314 A CN 201280032314A CN 103635096 A CN103635096 A CN 103635096A
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Abstract
通过将食品级酸包封在特定量的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐中来提供食品级酸在咀嚼型胶基糖中的延迟的释放。当被加入咀嚼型胶基糖中时,被包封于聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐中的食品级酸提供比被包封于单独的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)中的食品级酸更加延迟的酸味风味的释放。
Description
发明背景
为了提供咀嚼型胶基糖中更持久的风味,咀嚼型胶基糖制造商进行了长期的努力。在延长风味的一种途径中,包括风味物、甜味料和食品级酸(以提供酸味)的成分已被包封以聚合物来延迟和延长其释放。举例来说,参阅授予Cherukuri等的美国专利号4,931,293、5,057,328、5,064,658和5,110,608。在另一种途径中,通过提供一种包括胶基糖基础剂、至少一种风味物和至少一种被包封的表面活性剂咀嚼型胶基糖组合物来延长风味,所述咀嚼型胶基糖,其中表面活性剂增加了从咀嚼型胶基糖组合物释放的风味物的量。举例来说,参阅Luo的美国专利申请公开号US 2006/0263474 A1。然而,延迟食品级酸的释放尤为困难,或许由于食品级酸极其高的水溶解度。因此,提供持久的酸味风味是困难的。此外,在当前对风味改变的咀嚼型胶基糖有兴趣的情况下,制备一种可接受的、特点在于以酸味风味作为胶基糖的第二或后续风味的风味改变的胶基糖还不可能。因此,存在对于能够延迟和延长咀嚼型胶基糖中食品级酸的释放的材料和方法的需要。
发明内容
一个实施方案是制备咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的方法,所述方法包括:熔融共混约30至约90重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐和约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸以形成被包封的食品级酸;其中,所有的重量百分数是基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的;以及熔融共混胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
另一个实施方案是一种咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括:胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和被包封的食品级酸,基于所述被包封的食品级酸的重量,所述被包封的食品级酸包括约30至约90重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐和约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸。
另一个实施方案是制备被包封的食品级酸的方法,所述方法包括:熔融共混约35至约50重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、约5至约15重量百分数的脂肪酸盐和约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸以形成被包封的食品级酸,所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量;其中,所有重量百分数是基于所述被包封的食品级酸组合物的总重量的。
这些实施方案和其他实施方案在下文中被详细地描述。
附图说明
图1是从两种被包封的柠檬酸组合物释放的柠檬酸的散点图。
图2是针对包含(A)单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)包封的柠檬酸和(b)用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的柠檬酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的胶基糖硬度关于咀嚼时间的函数的条形图。
图3是针对包含(A)单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)包封的柠檬酸和(b)用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的柠檬酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的感受到的酸味关于咀嚼时间的函数的条形图。
具体实施方式
本发明针对的是制备被包封于聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐中的食品级酸的组合物和方法,以及含有所述被包封于聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐中的食品级酸的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物可以为最终使用者提供延长或延迟的味觉体验。更具体地,咀嚼时,使用者能够在保持所述胶基糖的软的咀嚼质地的同时,体验调味物、甜味料和食品酸(food acid)的延长和/或延迟的释放。举例来说,当咀嚼型胶基糖被咀嚼时,为了延长酸味感觉,更大量的被包封的食品酸味剂必须被加入咀嚼型胶基糖中,这将更多的聚合物(例如聚(醋酸乙烯酯))加入咀嚼型胶基糖基础剂中。这反而会通过硬化咀嚼型胶基糖料团(bolus)使得后期咀嚼质地恶化。因此,迄今为止,在当前对咀嚼型胶基糖中更持久的酸味有兴趣的情况下,制备一种可接受的持久风味的、特点在于延长的酸味风味而不存在咀嚼型胶基糖料团的后续硬化的胶基糖还不可能。归因于食品级酸的延迟或延长释放的能力,本发明可以进一步提供一种顺序风味改变体验,其中所述酸味风味可以作为所述胶基糖的第二或后续风味被感觉。
根据本发明,已经出乎意料地发现,将食品级酸包封在聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐中,可以延长或延迟所述食品级酸的释放。为了更准确地控制酸味风味被最终使用者体验的强度和时机而不使所述咀嚼型胶基糖的后期咀嚼质地恶化,聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的食品级酸可以进一步被加入咀嚼型胶基糖组合物中。对于实现在长的咀嚼时间下降低的胶基糖硬度和具有物理完整性的被包封的酸的期望的组合,使用约5至约15重量百分数的脂肪酸盐是重要的。当所述脂肪酸盐的量显著小于5重量百分数时,在长的咀嚼时间下硬度的增加不会被充分缓解。而当所述脂肪酸盐的量显著大于15重量百分数时,游离脂肪酸形成为液体并且以物理方式从固体包封的食品级酸分离。
在一个实施方案中,存在被包封的食品级酸,所述食品级酸包含聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸。在另一个实施方案中,所述被包封的食品级活性成分被加入还包括胶基糖基础剂和甜味料的咀嚼型胶基糖中。
一个实施方案是制备咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的方法,所述方法包括:熔融共混约30至约90重量百分数的聚(乙醋酸乙烯酯)、约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐和约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸以形成被包封的食品级酸;其中所有的重量百分数是基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的;以及熔融共混胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量。在一些实施方案中,所述聚(乙醋酸乙烯酯)的重均分子量是约30,000至约500,000原子质量单位,更具体地,约80,000至约300,000原子质量单位。
所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以所述被包封的食品级酸的约30至约90重量百分数的量存在。在一些实施方案中,所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以所述被包封的食品级酸的约30至约80重量百分数,更具体地,约35至约75重量百分数,更具体地,约40至约60重量百分数的量存在。
举例来说,用于制备所述被包封的食品级酸的适当的脂肪酸盐包括C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钠盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钾盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钙盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的锌盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的镁盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的铝盐及其组合。在上述脂肪酸盐的上下文中,适当的C12-C36脂肪族羧酸包括饱和脂肪酸,举例来说,如棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二酸(behenic acid)、二十四酸(lignoceric acid)、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸以及蜡酸。同样是在上述脂肪酸盐的上下文中,C12-C36脂肪族羧酸还包括不饱和脂肪酸,举例来说,如棕榈油酸、sapienic acid、油酸、反油酸、异油酸(vaccenic acid)、亚油酸、亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸以及二十二碳六烯酸。在一些实施方案中,所述脂肪酸盐是C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钠盐,如硬脂酸钠。在其他实施方案中,所述脂肪酸盐是C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钙盐,如硬脂酸钙。当使用硬脂酸钙制备所述被包封的食品级酸时,所述硬脂酸钙是大于约80%纯度的,更具体地,大于约90%纯度。所述脂肪酸盐以基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的约5至约15重量百分数的量存在。在一些实施方案中,所述脂肪酸盐的量是约7至约13重量百分数,具体地,约9至约11重量百分数。
举例来说,用于制备所述被包封的食品级酸的适当的食品级酸包括己二酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、谷氨酸、马来酸、苹果酸、草酸、磷酸、山梨酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其混合物。在优选的实施方案中,所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸或其混合物。所述被包封的食品级酸包括基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的约5至约50重量百分数的量的食品级酸。在一些实施方案中,所述食品级酸的量是约10至约40重量百分数,具体地,约20至约40重量百分数,更具体地,约30至约40重量百分数。
在一些实施方案中,除所述食品级酸外,所述被包封的食品级酸还包括一种或更多种活性成分。举例来说,这样的活性成分可以包括调味物、高强度甜味料、口腔护理试剂、抗氧化剂、营养剂、药物活性物及其组合。在一些实施方案中,所述被包封的食品级酸还包括滑石。在一些实施方案中,所述滑石的量为基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的约0.1至约1.0重量百分数。
在一些实施方案中,用于形成所述被包封的食品级酸的食品级酸具有约25至约600微米的数均粒径。在一些实施方案中,所述食品级酸具有约50至约400微米,更具体地,约70至约200微米的数均粒径。在一个实施方案中,用于形成所述被包封的食品级酸的食品级酸在25℃和一个大气压下是固体。
在优选的实施方案中,被包封的食品级酸组合物包括约5至约15重量百分数的量的所述脂肪酸盐、约20至约40重量百分数的量的所述食品级酸和约50至约75重量百分数的量的所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
在所述被包封的食品级酸的一个实施方案中,脂肪酸盐和食品级酸以约1:1至约1:10的重量比存在。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸盐和食品级酸以约1:2至约1:8的重量比,更具体地,以约1:2.5至约1:6的重量比存在。在所述被包封的食品级酸的一个实施方案中,脂肪酸盐和聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约1:1.5至约1:20的重量比存在。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸盐和聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约1:2至约1:15的重量比,更具体地,以约1:3至约1:13的重量比存在。在所述被包封的食品级酸的一个实施方案中,食品级酸和聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约1:1至约1:5的重量比存在。在一些实施方案中,食品级酸和聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约1:1.1至约1:3的重量比,更具体地,以约1:1.2至约1:2.2的重量比存在。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述脂肪酸盐是硬脂酸钠,所述食品级酸是柠檬酸、苹果酸或其组合,所述食品级酸具有约50至约100微米的数均粒径,所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2至约1:8的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸,所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2.5至约1:15的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯),所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.2至约1:3的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯),所述被包封的食品级酸颗粒具有小于或等于420微米的数均粒径,所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂;并且所述咀嚼型胶基糖还包括游离的食品级酸。
咀嚼型胶基糖
如本文中使用的,术语“胶基糖(gum)”、“咀嚼型胶基糖(chewing gum)”和“吹泡型胶基糖(bubble gum)”被可互换地使用,并且意图包括任何胶基糖组合物。至于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,这样的组合物包含胶基糖基础剂、风味增强组合物和各种添加剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述被包封的食品级酸是被加入咀嚼型胶基糖中的。除所述被包封的食品级酸以外,所述咀嚼型胶基糖包括胶基糖基础剂和甜味料。基于所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物重量,所述被包封的食品级酸的量可以是约0.5至约12重量百分数,具体地,约1至约10重量百分数,更具体地,约2至约9重量百分数,更加具体地,约4至约8重量百分数。在一些实施方案中,所述被包封的食品级酸是以具有小于或等于约500微米的数均粒径的颗粒物(particulate)形式存在于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物中的。在一些实施方案中,所述被包封的食品级酸是以具有约5至约500微米,具体地,约10至约450微米,更具体地,约20至约420微米的数均粒径的颗粒物形式存在于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物中的。
在一些实施方案中,除所述被包封的食品级酸之外,所述胶基糖组合物包括一种或更多种未被包封的活性成分。附加的活性成分可以是未被包封的活性成分、被包封的活性成分或其混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述活性成分可以包括甜味料、调味物、高强度甜味料、食品级酸、口腔护理试剂、抗氧化剂、营养剂、药物活性物及其混合物。在优选的实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖还可以包括未被包封的食品级酸。适当的未被包封的酸包括任意本文所列举的食品级酸的。在一些实施方案中,所述未被包封的酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸及其混合物。在一个实施方案中,所述未被包封的活性成分以基于所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物总重量的约0.1至约2.0重量百分数的量存在。在一些实施方案中,所述未被包封的活性成分是以所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的约0.25至约1.5重量百分数,更具体地,约0.5至约1.0重量百分数的量存在。
本文所公开的胶基糖组合物可以是被包覆或未被包覆的,并且可以是厚片、棒状、小丸状、球状等形式的。不同形式的胶基糖组合物的组成将是相似的,但可以关于成分的比值而变化。举例来说,被包覆的胶基糖组合物可以含有较低百分比的软化剂。小丸状和球状的可以具有咀嚼型胶基糖芯,所述咀嚼型胶基糖芯已经用食糖溶液或无食糖溶液包覆以创建硬壳。厚片和棒状的通常被配制成为比咀嚼型胶基糖芯质地上更软。在一些情况下,羟基脂肪酸盐或其他表面活性剂活性物(surfactant active)可以对胶基糖基础剂有软化效果。为了调整所述表面活性剂活性物在所述胶基糖基础剂上所能产生的任何潜在的不期望的软化效果,将厚片或棒状胶基糖配制为具有较之通常更坚硬的质地是有益的(即,使用比典型所采用的更少的常规软化剂)。
中心填充的胶基糖是另一种常见的胶基糖形式。胶基糖部分具有上文所描述的类似的组成和制造方式。然而,中心填充物典型地是水性液体或凝胶,所述水性液体或凝胶是在加工期间被注入所述胶基糖的中心的。可选地,所述被包封的食品级酸可以在填充物的制造期间被加入所述中心填充物、直接加入整个胶基糖组合物的咀嚼型胶基糖部分或加入中心填充物和咀嚼型胶基糖部分两者中。所述中心填充的胶基糖还可以被可选地包覆,并且可以以各种形式来制备,如以棒棒糖的形式。
所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物通常包括胶基糖基础剂、增量甜味料、高强度甜味料、风味料、着色试剂、可感觉物质以及任意其他可选的添加剂,包括咽喉舒缓剂、香料、牙齿增白剂、口气清新剂、维生素、矿物质、咖啡因,药品(例如,药剂、草本剂和营养补充剂)、口腔护理产品及包括至少一种前述添加剂的组合物。
一般来说,所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括水不溶的胶基糖基础剂部分和水溶的增量部分。胶基糖基础剂可以取决于各种因素变化很大,所述各种因素例如期望的基础剂类型、期望的胶基糖的稠度和其他用在所述组合物中以制成咀嚼型胶基糖最终产品的组分。所述胶基糖基础剂可以是在本领域已知的任何水不溶的胶基糖基础剂,并且包括用于咀嚼型胶基糖和吹泡型胶基糖的那些胶基糖基础剂。胶基糖基础剂中适当的聚合物的例证性实施例包括天然和合成弹性体和橡胶两者。举例来说,天然弹性体和橡胶包括植物来源的物质,如熏制的(smoked)或液体乳胶和银菊胶,天然树胶如节路顿胶、夹竹桃科产胶树胶、香豆树胶、香豆果胶、二齿铁线子胶(massaranduba balata)、巧克力铁线子胶(massarandubachocolate)、红檀木胶、山榄胶、冠胶、糖胶树胶、杜仲胶、古塔卡太胶(gutta kataiu)、古塔胶、尼日尔杜仲胶、卡斯德拉胶、托帕匡斯麻风树胶(chilte)、芡茨棕树胶(chiquibul)、马来乳胶(gutta hang kang)等,及其混合物。
合成弹性体包括高分子量和低分子量弹性体。有用的高分子量弹性体包括丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚异戊二烯、聚异丁烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚乙烯及其组合等等。有用的低分子量弹性体包括聚丁烯、聚丁二烯、聚异丁烯及其组合。适当的胶基糖基础剂还可以包括乙烯基聚合的弹性体(如聚(醋酸乙烯酯)(PVA)、聚乙烯)、乙烯基共聚弹性体(如醋酸乙烯酯和月桂酸乙烯酯的共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯的共聚物、乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚(乙烯醇))及其组合。当被使用时,乙烯基聚合物的数均分子量可以在约3,000至约94,000范围内。乙烯基聚合物如聚(乙烯醇)和聚(醋酸乙烯酯)(当被用于胶基糖基础剂中时,由于区别于被包封的食品级酸)可以具有约8,000至约65,000的数均分子量。另外,上述高分子量和低分子量的天然和合成弹性体和橡胶的任意组合可以被用作胶基糖基础剂。
所采用的胶基糖基础剂的量将取决于各种因素而变化很大,所述因素如所使用的基础剂的类型、期望的胶基糖的稠度和其他用在所述组合物中以制成咀嚼型胶基糖最终产品的组分。一般而言,胶基糖基础剂将以最终咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的约5至约94重量百分数的量存在。在一些实施方案中,所述胶基糖基础剂的量是基于所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的总重量的约15至约45重量百分数,具体地,约20至约40重量百分数,更具体地,约30至约40重量百分数。
所述水不溶的胶基糖基础剂部分还可以附加地含有弹性体增塑剂、蜡、软化剂、填充剂和其他可选的成分(如着色料和抗氧化剂)的任意组合。弹性体增塑剂通常还被称为树脂、树脂质化合物(resinous compound)、弹性体溶剂或松香。可以包括于胶基糖基础剂中的添加剂包括以有效量使用的增塑剂、蜡或软化剂以提供各种各样的期望的质地和一致的性质。由于这些成分的低分子量,质地改进剂(texture modifying agent)能够透入(penetrate)胶基糖基础剂的基础结构,使所述胶基糖基础剂成为可塑的且更不粘滞的。
胶基糖基础剂组合物可以包含常规的弹性体增塑剂,以帮助软化所述弹性体基础剂组分,举例来说,萜品烯树脂(例如α-蒎烯或β-蒎烯和/或d-柠檬烯衍生的聚合物),松香或改性松香的甲基、甘油或季戊四醇酯,以及例如氢化的、二聚的或多聚的松香的胶,或包括至少一种前述树脂的组合;部分氢化的木松香或脂松香的季戊四醇酯、木松香或脂松香的季戊四醇酯、木松香的甘油酯、部分二聚的木松香或脂松香的甘油酯、聚合的木松香或脂松香的甘油酯、妥尔油松香的甘油酯、木松香或脂松香的甘油酯;部分氢化的木松香或脂松香;木松香或松香的部分氢化的甲酯等。前述弹性体增塑剂的任意组合可以被用于软化或调整所述弹性体基础剂组分的粘着性。可以以所述胶基糖基础剂的约5至约75重量百分数,具体地,所述胶基糖基础剂的约45至约70重量百分数的量来使用所述弹性体增塑剂。
适当的软化剂包括羊毛脂、棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、脂肪酸、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、三醋酸甘油酯、甘油卵磷脂(glyceryl lecithin)、单硬脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、单、二和三甘油酸酯、乙酰化单甘油酯、甘油、卵磷脂、甘油二乙酸酯及其组合物。其他的适当的软化剂包括蜡。蜡(举例来说,天然的和合成的蜡、氢化植物油、石油蜡(例如聚氨酯蜡)、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、脂肪蜡(fatty wax)、山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯、动物脂、可可脂、丙二醇等)被加入胶基糖基础剂中以获得各种期望的质地和一致的性质。
在一些实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖组合物还包括胶基糖基础剂软化剂。举例来说,软化剂包括羊毛脂、棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、脂肪酸、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、三醋酸甘油酯、甘油卵磷脂(glyceryl lecithin)、单硬脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、单、二和三甘油酯、乙酰化单甘油酯、甘油、卵磷脂、甘油二乙酸酯、蜡及其组合物。在一些实施方案中,所述软化剂可以以直至所述胶基糖基础剂的约30重量百分数,具体地,以所述胶基糖基础剂的约0.1至约20重量百分数,更具体地,以所述胶基糖基础剂的约0.1至约4重量百分数,再更具体地,以所述胶基糖基础剂的约0.5至约2.5重量百分数的量存在。
当蜡存在于胶基糖基础剂中时,所述蜡软化聚合的弹性体混合物并且改善胶基糖基础剂的弹性。所采用的蜡将具有在大约60℃以下的熔点,并且优选地在大约45至大约55℃的熔点。所述低熔点蜡可以是石蜡。基于所述胶基糖基础剂重量,所述蜡可以以约5至约12重量百分数,具体地,以约6至约10重量百分数的量存在于胶基糖基础剂中。
除了低熔点蜡,具有更高熔点的蜡可以以占胶基糖基础剂的高达约5重量百分数的量被用在胶基糖基础剂中。这类高熔点蜡包括蜂蜡、植物蜡、米糠蜡(rice bran wax)、小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡(carnuba wax)、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、大部分石油蜡等,及其混合物。
所述胶基糖基础剂还可以包括有效量的增量剂,如可以充当填充剂和调质剂(texturalagent)的矿物辅助剂(mineral adjuvant)。适当的矿物辅助剂包括碳酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硅酸铝、滑石、磷酸三钙、磷酸三钙等,所述矿物辅助剂可以充当填充剂和质地改进剂。这些填充剂或辅助剂可以以各种量被用于胶基糖基础剂中。具体地,当被使用时,填充剂的量将以基于胶基糖基础剂的重量的约15至约40重量百分比,具体地,约20至约30重量百分比的量存在。
除水不溶的胶基糖基础剂部分之外,典型的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括水可溶的增量部分和一种或更多种调味剂。在另一个实施方案中,所述活性成分是存在于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的水可溶的增量部分中的。所述水可溶部分可以包括增量甜味料、高强度甜味料、调味剂、软化剂、乳化剂、着色试剂、酸化剂、填充物、抗氧化剂和其他提供期望属性的常规咀嚼型胶基糖添加剂。在一些实施方案中,所述活性成分具有在25℃和一个大气压下至少约100克每升,具体地,在25℃和一个大气压下约200至约1000克每升,并且更具体地,在25℃和一个大气压下约300至约800混相克(miscible grams)每升的水溶解度。举例来说,柠檬酸具有在25℃和一个大气压下约730混相克每升的水溶解度。而苹果酸具有在20℃和一个大气压下约588混相克每升的水溶解度。本领域普通技术人员已知的这些和其他常规咀嚼型胶基糖添加剂也可以被加入胶基糖基础剂中。
如上文所述,广泛种类的一种或更多种常规添加剂可以被用于所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物中,所述添加剂包括甜味料、高强度甜味料、风味调节剂或增强剂、风味料/调味物、着色试剂、药剂、口腔护理试剂、咽喉护理试剂、口气清新剂、矿物佐剂、增量剂、酸化剂、缓冲剂、可感觉物质(例如,暖味剂、凉味剂、麻刺剂、泡腾试剂)、增稠剂、口腔湿润剂、风味增强组合物、抗氧化剂(例如,丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)或没食子酸丙酯)、防腐剂、乳化剂、增稠剂等。这些添加剂中的一些可以适合于多于一种目的。举例来说,甜味料(如蔗糖、山梨糖醇或其他糖醇或前述与下文所提到的甜味料的组合)还可以起增量剂的作用。此外,包括至少一种前述添加剂的组合物是经常使用的。
在一些实施方案中,所述咀嚼型胶基糖包括增甜剂,以向所述胶基糖组合物提供甜味。增甜剂可以包括食糖甜味料、无食糖甜味料、高强度甜味料或至少一种前述增甜剂的组合。
食糖甜味料一般包括糖化物。适当的食糖甜味料包括单糖化物、二糖化物和多糖化物,例如,蔗糖(食糖)、右旋糖、麦芽糖、葡聚糖、木糖、核糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖(左旋糖)、乳糖、转化糖、果寡糖糖浆(fructooligosaccharide syrups)、部分氢化的淀粉、玉米糖浆固形物(如高果糖玉米糖浆),及其混合物。
适当的无食糖增甜剂包括糖醇(或多元醇),例如山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、氢化异麦芽酮糖(异麦芽酮糖醇)、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物、甜菊及其混合物。
适当的氢化淀粉水解物包括在授予Verwaerde等人的美国专利号4,279,931中公开的那些氢化淀粉水解物以及包括山梨糖醇、氢化二糖化物、氢化高级(higher)多聚糖化物或其混合物的各种氢化葡萄糖浆和/或粉末。氢化淀粉水解物主要通过玉米糖浆的受控催化氢化来制备。所得的氢化淀粉水解物是单体的、二聚的和多聚的糖化物的混合物。这些不同的糖化物的比例赋予不同的氢化淀粉水解物不同的性质。氢化淀粉水解物的混合物也是有用的,所述氢化淀粉水解物的混合物例如由法国Roquette Freres生产的、以的商品名出售的那些和由美国新泽西州Fairlawn的Lonza,Inc.、以HYSTAR的商品名出售的那些。
如在本文中使用的,“高强度甜味料”意为具有在每一重量基础上至少为食糖(蔗糖)的甜度100倍的甜度的试剂,具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度500倍的甜度。在一个实施方案中,高强度甜味料在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度1,000倍,更具体地在每一重量基础上至少为食糖的甜度5,000倍。高强度甜味料可以选自于广泛范围的材料,包括水溶性甜味料、水溶性人工甜味料、从天然存在的水溶性甜味料衍生的水溶性甜味料、基于二肽的甜味料以及基于蛋白质的甜味料。包括一种或更多种高强度甜味料的任意组合可以被使用。一种或更多种高强度甜味料还可以与一种或更多种上述的甜味料或增甜剂组合。
不限于特定的甜味料,代表性的类别和例子包括:水溶性的增甜剂,比如二氢查尔酮、莫内林(monellin)、甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷(rebaudiocides)A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、甘草甜素、二氢核黄素以及糖醇,比如山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、麦芽糖醇、以及L-氨基二羧酸氨基链烯酸酯酰胺,例如在授予Zanno等的美国专利号4,619,834中公开的那些,及其组合;水溶性人工甜味料,比如糖精、可溶的糖精盐,即钠或钙的糖精盐、环磺酸盐、安赛蜜盐,比如3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钠盐、铵盐或钙盐、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-1,2,3-噁噻嗪-4-酮-2,2-二氧化物的钾盐(乙酰磺胺酸钾,Acesulfame-K)、糖精的游离酸形式及其组合;基于二肽的甜味料,举例来说,从L-天冬氨酸衍生的甜味料,比如L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯巴甜),以及授予Schlatter的美国专利No.3,492,131中描述的材料、L-α-天冬氨酰-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基)-D-丙氨酰胺水合物(阿力甜)、L-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸以及L-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸的甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-苯基甘氨酸甲酯、L-α-天冬氨酰-L-2,5-二氢苯基-甘氨酸甲酯、L-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢-L-苯丙氨酸、L-α-天冬氨酰-2,5-二氢苯丙氨酸甲酯;L-天冬氨酰-L-(1-环己烯)-丙氨酸、N-(N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰)-L-苯丙氨酸1-甲酯(纽甜)或其组合;从天然存在的水溶性甜味料衍生的水溶性甜味料,例如甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷(rebaudiocides)A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷C、普通食糖(蔗糖)的氯化衍生物,例如氯化脱氧糖衍生物(如例如以已知的产品名称三氯蔗糖的氯化脱氧蔗糖或氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物);氯化脱氧蔗糖和氯化脱氧半乳蔗糖的衍生物的实施例包括:1-氯-1′-脱氧蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4-氯-4-脱氧半乳蔗糖;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1-氯-1-脱氧-β-D-果糖-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1′-二氯-4,1′-二脱氧半乳蔗糖;1′,6′-二氯1′,6′-二脱氧蔗糖;1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-半乳糖苷;4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,1′,6′-三氯-4,1′,6′-三脱氧半乳蔗糖;4,6-二氯-4,6-二脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基-6-氯-6-脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖苷,或4,6,1′,6′-四氯4,6,1′,6′-四脱氧半乳糖-蔗糖;4,6,1′,6′-四脱氧蔗糖,及其组合;基于蛋白质的甜味料,例如非洲竹芋甜素(thaumaoccous denielli)、索马甜、塔林(talin);罗汉果(Lo han guo)及其组合;以及基于氨基酸的甜味料。在优选的实施方案中,所述甜味料包括山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、莫那亭(monatin)、阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾盐及其混合物。
高强度甜味料可以以许多本领域公知的独特的物理形式被使用(举例来说,本领域公知的那些物理形式)以提供甜味的初始突释(burst)和/或延长的甜味感。这样的物理形式包括但不限于多种游离形式(比如,喷雾干燥形式或粉末形式)、珠状形式、被包封的形式,及其组合。
在咀嚼型胶基糖中,甜味可以来自风味调节剂或增强剂和/或来自风味料以及来自甜味料。风味增强剂可以由强化、补充、修饰或增进原始材料的口味或芳香感受而不引入所述风味增强剂自身的特征性口味或芳香感受的材料组成。风味调节剂可以赋予所述风味调节剂自身与另一组分的特征互补或抵消的特征。在一些实施方案中,可以包括设计为强化、补充、修饰或增进风味、甜味、酸味、鲜味(umami)、淳厚味(kokumi)、咸味及其组合的感受的风味调节剂或增强剂。因此,风味调节剂或增强剂的添加可以影响可食物的整体口味。举例来说,风味物可以通过包括风味调节剂或增强剂,比如香草、香草醛、乙基麦芽酚、糠醛(furfural)、丙酸乙酯、内酯及其组合,被复合为具有附加的甜味特征。
示例的风味调节剂或增强剂包括甘草酸单铵盐、甘草的甘草酸盐、枳实提取物、alapyridaine、alapyridaine(N-(1-羧乙基)-6-(羟甲基)吡啶鎓-3-醇)内盐、奇果蛋白、仙茅蛋白、strogin、马槟榔甜蛋白、匙羹藤酸、洋蓟酸、glupyridaine、吡啶鎓-甜菜碱化合物、纽甜、索马甜、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、塔格糖、海藻糖、麦芽醇、乙基麦芽醇、香草提取物、香荚兰油树脂、香草醛、甜菜提取物(醇提取物)、甘蔗叶香精(醇提取物)、响应G-蛋白耦合受体(T2Rs和T1Rs)的化合物及其组合。在一些实施方案中,风味调节剂或增强剂选自糖酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、酸式硫酸钠及其组合。在其他的实施方案中,风味调节剂或增强剂选自谷氨酸盐(比如谷氨酸单钠盐和谷氨酸单钾盐)、水解植物蛋白、水解动物蛋白、酵母提取物及其组合。更多例子包括腺苷一磷酸(AMP)、谷胱甘肽、以及核苷酸(比如肌苷单磷酸、肌苷酸二钠、黄苷单磷酸、鸟苷单磷酸)及其组合。赋予淳厚味的风味增强剂组合物的更多例子也被包括在授予Kuroda等人的美国专利号5,679,397中。
本文中使用的风味调节剂、风味增强剂和风味料的量可以是服从于如最终可食产品组合物的种类、单个的风味物、所采用的糖食基础以及期望的风味强度这样的因素的优选的问题。因此,为了在最终产品中得到期望的结果,调味剂的量可以变化,而这样的变化是在本领域技术人员能力之内,无需过量实验。
在一些实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖可以含有芳香试剂和/或调味试剂,所述芳香试剂和或调味试剂包括天然和合成调味物,例如天然植物组分、调味芳香品和/或油、精油、香精、提取物、粉末、食品级酸、油树脂、源自植物、叶、花、果实等等的提取物以及其组合。调味物可以是液体或粉末形式的。
人造、天然及合成的水果调味料的实例包括椰子、咖啡、巧克力、香草、柠檬、葡萄柚、橙、酸橙、yazu、酸橘、薄荷醇、甘草、焦糖、蜂蜜、花生、胡桃、腰果、榛子、杏仁、菠萝、草莓、树莓、黑莓、热带果、樱桃、肉桂、椒样薄荷、冬青、留兰香、桉树和薄荷、水果香精(例如来自苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、蓝莓、草莓、树莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏、香蕉、甜瓜、杏、梅(ume)、樱桃、黑莓、热带果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、木瓜等等)。
其他能够操控其释放特性的潜在风味物包括牛奶风味物、黄油风味物、干酪风味物、奶油风味物、酸奶风味物、香草风味物、茶或咖啡风味物(如绿茶风味物、乌龙茶风味物)、可可风味物、巧克力风味物、薄荷风味物(如椒样薄荷风味物、留兰香风味物与日本薄荷风味物)、辛辣风味物(如阿魏风味物、印度藏茴香(ajowan)风味物、大茴香风味物、当归风味物、茴香风味物、多香果风味物、肉桂风味物、甘菊风味物、芥末风味物、小豆蔻风味物、香菜风味物、孜然风味物、丁香风味物、胡椒风味物、芫荽风味物、黄樟风味物、香薄荷风味物、花椒风味物、紫苏风味物、杜松子风味物、生姜风味物、八角风味物、辣根风味物、百里香风味物、龙蒿风味物、莳萝风味物、辣椒风味物、肉豆蔻风味物、罗勒风味物、牛至菜风味物、迷迭香风味物、月桂叶风味物和山葵风味物)、酒类风味物(例如果酒味物、威士忌风味物、白兰地风味物、朗姆酒风味物、杜松子酒风味物和利口酒风味物)、花卉和蔬菜风味物(如洋葱风味物、大蒜风味物、卷心菜风味物、胡萝卜风味物、芹菜风味物、蘑菇风味物和番茄风味物)。常用的风味物包括薄荷类,如以单独或混合物的形式采用的椒样薄荷、薄荷醇、留兰香、人工香草、肉桂衍生物和各种水果风味物。风味物还可以提供口气清新性质,尤其是薄荷风味物与凉味剂组合使用时。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物还可以包括果汁。
调味剂可以以许多独特的物理形式被使用。这样的物理形式包括液体和/或干燥形式。在一些实施方案中,调味剂可以是游离(未被包封的)形式,喷雾干燥形式、冻干形式、粉末状形式、珠状的形式、被包封的形式、片状、块状,及其混合物。当采用喷雾干燥形式时,可以使用适当的干燥手段(如喷雾干燥液体)。可替换地,调味剂可以被吸收到水溶性材料(例如纤维素、淀粉、食糖、麦芽糖糊精、阿拉伯树胶等)上,或者可以被包封。在再其他的实施方案中,所述的调味剂可以被吸收到二氧化硅、沸石等等上。调味物的粒径可以小于3毫米,小于2毫米或优选地小于1毫米,所述粒径按照颗粒的最长尺寸计算。天然调味剂可以具有约3微米至约2毫米,具体地,约4微米至约1毫米的粒径。
各种合成风味物(如混合的水果风味物)也可以被用于咀嚼型胶基糖。可以以小于那些常规使用的量使用芳香试剂。根据所使用的芳香物和/或风味物的期望的强度,可以以胶基糖组合物的约0.01至约30重量百分比的量使用芳香试剂和/或风味物。优选地,芳香物和/或风味物的含量在胶基糖组合物的约0.2至约4重量百分数的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,被包封的食品级酸还包含调味物,本文所描述的任意调味物都是适合使用的。调味物可以包括粉末风味物、液体风味物、天然植物组分、调味芳香品、调味油、精油、香精、提取物、食品级酸、油树脂、植物提取物、花提取物、果实提取物及其组合。
咀嚼型胶基糖还可以包括凉味剂和暖味剂。凉味剂(也被称为冷却剂(coolant))是在口腔中、鼻腔中或皮肤上提供清凉或清新效果的添加剂。如本文所使用的,基于薄荷基的冷却剂包括薄荷醇和薄荷醇衍生物。薄荷醇(也被称为2-(2-丙基)-5-甲基-1-环己醇)是以人造形式或以来自如椒样薄荷油的来源的天然形式可获得的。薄荷醇衍生物包括基于薄荷基酯和基于薄荷基甲酰胺的凉味化合物,如薄荷基甲酰胺、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷甲酰胺、单薄荷基琥珀酸酯、甲基琥珀酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸单薄荷酯、2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸薄荷酯、3-甲基马来酸单薄荷酯、醋酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、水杨酸薄荷酯、2-异丙基-5-甲基环己醇(2-isopropanyl-5-methylcyclohexanol)、3-L-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、薄荷烷、薄荷酮、薄荷酮缩酮(menthone ketals)、薄荷酮甘油缩酮(menthone glycerol ketals)、薄荷基戊二酸酯、N-乙基-p-薄荷烷-3-羧酰胺(WS-3)及其组合。
其他冷却剂可以与基于薄荷基的冷却剂组合使用,举例来说,2-巯基-环-癸酮、具有2-6个碳原子的羟基羧酸、N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、α-二甲基琥珀酸、乳酸甲酯及其组合。
暖味剂可以选自广泛种类的已知用来向使用者提供温热的感觉信号的化合物。这些化合物给予感受到的温暖的感觉(特别是在口腔中),并且常常增进风味物、甜味料和其他器官感觉组分的感受。包括在有用的暖味化合物中的为香兰醇正丁醚(TK-1000,由日本东京Takasago Perfumary Company Limited供应)、香兰醇正丙醚、香兰醇异丙醚、香兰醇异丁醚、香兰醇-n-氨基醚、香兰醇异戊醚、香兰醇正已醚、香兰醇甲醚、香兰醇乙醚、姜醇、姜烯酚、姜酮酚、姜油酮、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱、乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、苯甲醇、甘油及其组合。
可以以有效产生食品的期望的颜色的量使用着色试剂(着色剂、着色物)。适合的着色试剂包括颜料,所述颜料可以以咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的高至约6重量百分比的量被并入。举例来说,二氧化钛可以以咀嚼型胶基糖组合物重量的高至约2重量百分比,且具体地小于约1重量百分比的量被并入。
适合的着色试剂也包括天然食品色素和适合用于食品、药物和化妆品应用的染料。适合的色素包括胭脂树橙提取物(E160b)、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素、虾青素(astaxanthin)、脱水甜菜(甜菜粉)、甜菜红/甜菜苷(E162)、群青蓝、斑蝥黄(E161g)、隐黄质(E161c)、玉红黄质(E161d)、紫黄质(violanxanthin,E161e)、紫杉紫素(E161f)、焦糖(E150(a-d))、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜醛(E160e)、β-胡萝卜素(E160a)、α-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜素醛乙酯(E160f)、毛莨黄素(E161a)、黄体素(E161b)、胭脂虫提取物(E120);胭脂红(E132)、酸性淡红/偶氮玉红(E122)、叶绿素铜钠(E141)、叶绿素(E140)、烤制的部分脱脂的熟棉籽粉、葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄色提取物(grape color extract)、葡萄果皮提取物(葡萄花青素)、花青素(E163)、血色球菌藻粉、合成铁氧化物、铁氧化物和氢氧化物(E172)、果汁、蔬菜汁、干藻粉、万寿菊(阿兹特克万寿菊)粉和提取物、胡萝卜油、玉米胚乳油、红辣椒、红辣椒油树脂、法夫红酵母、核黄素(E101)、藏红花素、二氧化钛、姜黄(E100)、姜黄油树脂(turmeric oleoresin)、苋菜红(E123)、辣椒红色素/辣椒玉红素(E160c)、番茄红素(E160d)、FD&C蓝1号、FD&C蓝2号、FD&C绿3号、FD&C红3号、FD&C红40号、FD&C黄5号和FD&C黄6号、酒石黄(E102)、喹啉黄(E104)、日落黄(E110)、丽春红(E124)、赤藓红(E127)、专利蓝V(E131)、二氧化钛(E171)、铝(E173)、银(E174)、金(E175)、颜料玉红/利索尔宝红BK(E180)、碳酸钙(E170)、炭黑(E153)、黑PN/亮黑BN(E151)、绿S/酸煌绿BS(E142)、FD&C铝色淀及其组合。
可以被用于咀嚼型胶基糖的示例的口气清新剂包括柠檬酸锌、醋酸锌、氟化锌、硫酸锌铵、溴化锌、碘化锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌、氟硅酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、酒石酸锌、琥珀酸锌、甲酸锌、铬酸锌、苯酚磺酸锌、连二硫酸锌、硫酸锌、硝酸银、水杨酸锌、甘油磷酸锌、硝酸铜、叶绿素、叶绿素铜、叶绿酸、氢化棉籽油、二氧化氯、β-环糊精、沸石、硅基材料、碳基材料、例如漆酶的酶,或包括前述口气清新剂中的至少一种的混合物。口气清新剂可以包括精油以及各种醛和醇。作为口气清新剂使用的精油可以包括留兰香、椒样薄荷、冬青、黄樟、叶绿素、柠檬醛、香叶醇、小豆蔻、丁香、鼠尾草、香芹酚、桉树、小豆蔻、厚朴提取物、马郁兰、肉桂、柠檬、酸橙、葡萄柚、橙或其组合的油。可以比如肉桂醛和水杨醛的醛被使用。另外,例如薄荷醇、香芹酮、iso-garrigol以及茴香脑的化学物质可以起口气清新剂的作用。
示例的口腔湿润剂包括唾液刺激剂,比如包括醋酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、磷酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸以及酒石酸的酸和盐。口腔湿润剂可以包括与水化合并且可以附着在口腔表面以提供口腔湿润感觉的水状胶体材料。水状胶体材料可以包括天然存在的材料,例如植物分泌液、种籽胶和海藻提取物,或者水状胶体材料可以是化学改性的材料,比如纤维素、淀粉或天然树胶衍生物。此外,水状胶体材料可以包括果胶、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸盐、琼脂、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、洋槐豆胶、明胶、结冷胶(gellan gum)、半乳甘露聚糖、黄芪胶、刺梧桐树胶、可得然胶(curdlan)、魔芋胶、壳聚糖、木葡聚糖、β-葡聚糖、帚叉藻胶(furcellaran)、印度树胶(gum ghatti)、围涎树胶(tamarin)和细菌胶。口腔湿润剂可以包括改性的天然树胶比如海藻酸丙二醇酯、羧甲基洋槐豆胶、低甲氧基果胶或其组合。改性纤维素可以被包括,比如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)或其组合。
相似地,可以包括能够提供生津(mouth hydration)感受的保湿剂。这样的保湿剂可以包括甘油、山梨糖醇、聚乙二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇或其组合。另外,在一些实施方案中,脂肪能够提供口腔湿润的感受。这样的脂肪可以包括中链的甘油三酯、植物油、鱼油、矿物油或其组合。
示例的缓冲剂包括碳酸氢钠、磷酸钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钾、锡酸钠、三乙醇胺、柠檬酸、盐酸、柠檬酸钠或其组合。
咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的每种组分的的相对量将决定于组分的特性,以及期望的风味,并且是本领域普通技术人员容易确定的。
在一些实施方案中,可以提供麻刺感觉。麻刺剂包括金纽扣(jambu)和从例如金纽扣或山椒素的材料中提取的烷酰胺。
另外,感觉可以由泡腾造成。这种泡腾是通过组合碱性材料和酸性材料造成的。在一些实施方案中,碱性材料可以包括碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属碳酸氢盐、碱土金属碳酸盐、碱土金属碳酸氢盐及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,酸性材料可以包括醋酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸、丁酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、磷酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其组合。
适合的口腔护理剂包括口气清新剂、牙齿增白剂、抗微生物剂、牙齿矿化剂、龋齿抑制剂、局部麻醉剂、粘液保护剂、渍斑脱除剂、口腔清洁剂、漂白剂、脱敏剂、牙科再矿化剂、抗菌剂、抗龋剂、渍斑酸缓冲剂、表面活性剂、抗牙石剂及其组合。这样的成分的实施例包括水解剂(包括蛋白水解酶)、摩擦剂(如水合二氧化硅、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠和氧化铝)、其他活性的除渍组分例如表面活性试剂,包括阴离子表面活性剂,如硬脂酸钠、棕榈酸钠、硫酸化油酸丁酯、油酸钠、富马酸的盐、甘油、羟基化卵磷脂、月桂基硫酸钠,以及螯合剂,如聚磷酸盐,其典型地作为牙垢控制成分。牙科护理成分还可以包括焦磷酸四钠、碳酸氢钠、酸式焦磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、木糖醇、六偏磷酸钠,及其混合物。
此外,适当的口腔护理剂包括过氧化物,例如过氧化脲、过氧化钙、过氧化镁、过氧化钠、过氧化氢和过氧二磷酸。在一些实施方案中,包括硝酸钾和柠檬酸钾。其他的实施例可以包括酪蛋白糖巨肽、钙酪蛋白胨-磷酸钙、酪蛋白磷酸肽、酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙(CPP-ACP)和无定形磷酸钙。再另外的实施例可以包括木瓜蛋白酶、磷虾酶(krillase)、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、溶菌酶、葡聚糖酶、变构酶、糖化酶、淀粉酶、葡萄糖氧化酶,及其组合。
适当的口腔护理剂包括达到增加的预防疾病作用并使口腔护理成分在化妆品上更可接受的表面活性剂。用作口腔护理剂的表面活性剂包括赋予组合物清洁及起泡性质的清洁材料。适当的表面活性剂包括硬脂酸钠、蓖麻油酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、较高级脂肪酸单甘油酯基单硫酸酯的水溶性盐(例如单硫酸化氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单甘油酯的钠盐),较高级烷基硫酸盐例如月桂基硫酸钠,烷基芳基磺酸盐例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠,磺基乙酸较高级烷基酯、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、1,2-二羟基丙烷磺酸盐的较高级脂肪酸酯和充分饱和的较低级脂肪族氨基羧酸的较高级脂肪酰胺化合物,例如那些在脂肪酸、烷基或酰基等中具有12到16个碳原子的化合物。最后提到的酰胺的实施例是N-月桂酰肌氨酸,以及N-月桂酰、N-肉豆蔻酰,或N-棕榈酰肌氨酸的钠、钾和乙醇胺盐。
除了表面活性剂,口腔护理成分可包括抗菌试剂,例如,三氯生、氯己定、柠檬酸锌、硝酸银、铜、柠檬烯和西吡氯铵及其组合。
抗龋剂包括氟化物离子,例如氟化钠、氟化钾、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟化亚锡、氟化亚锡钾、六氟锡酸钠、氯氟化亚锡及其组合。
进一步的实施例被包括在授予Reynolds的美国专利号5,227,154,授予Greenberg的美国专利号5,378,131和授予Holme等的美国专利号6,685,916中。
咽喉护理或咽喉舒缓成分包括镇痛剂、抗组胺剂、麻醉剂、缓和剂、粘液溶解剂、祛痰剂、止咳药、防腐剂及其组合。在一些实施方案中,咽喉舒缓剂比如蜂蜜、蜂胶、芦荟、甘油、薄荷醇或其组合被采用。
适合使用的附加增量剂(载体、延展剂)包括甜味剂,例如单糖化物、二糖化物、多糖化物、糖醇、葡聚糖、麦芽糊精及其组合;以及矿物质,例如碳酸钙,滑石、二氧化钛、磷酸二钙及其组合。可以以直至咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的约90重量百分数,具体地,以咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的约40至约70重量百分数,更具体地,以咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的约50至约65重量百分数的量使用增量剂。
适合的乳化剂包括蒸馏单甘酯、单甘酯和双甘酯的醋酸酯、单甘酯和双甘酯的柠檬酸酯、单甘酯和双甘酯的乳酸酯、脂肪酸的单甘酯和双甘酯及聚甘油酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇-20、聚甘油蓖麻醇酯、脂肪酸的丙二醇酯、月桂酸聚甘油酯、椰油酸甘油酯、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯胶、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸钠、硬脂酰乳酸钙、单甘酯和双甘酯的二乙酰酒石酸酯、辛癸酸甘油酯/中链三甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、油酸甘油酯、脂肪酸的甘油乳酯、棕榈酸甘油乳酯、硬脂酸甘油酯、月桂酸甘油酯、二月桂酸甘油酯、单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸三甘油酯、二硬脂酸六甘油酯、单硬脂酸十甘油酯、二棕榈酸十甘油酯、单油酸十甘油酯、六油酸聚甘油10酯、中链三甘油酯、辛酸/癸酸三甘油酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯40、聚山梨醇酯60、聚山梨醇酯80、聚山梨醇酯65、二硬脂酸六甘油酯、单硬脂酸三甘油酯、以商品名TWEEN销售的聚(氧乙烯)山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、以商品名SPAN销售的山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸酯、硬脂酰-2-乳酸钙、硬脂酰-2-乳酸钠卵磷脂、磷脂酸铵、脂肪酸的蔗糖酯、蔗糖甘油酯、脂肪酸的丙基-1,2-二醇酯以及包括前述至少一种的组合。
适当的增稠剂包括纤维素醚(例如,羟基乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素)、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及其组合。作为增稠剂的有用的附加的聚合物包括以商品名CARBOMER出售的丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物;聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮);聚乙烯醇;海藻酸钠;聚乙二醇;天然树胶如黄原胶、黄芪胶、瓜尔胶、阿拉伯胶(acacia gum)、阿拉伯树胶、水可分散的(water-dispersible)聚丙烯酸酯(如聚(丙烯酸));甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物;羧乙烯基共聚物(carboxyvinyl copolymers);及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖还可以向食用者递送多重、独特的风味以导致风味改变的胶基糖组合物。在一个实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包含如本文所描述的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的食品级酸,并且还包含至少第一风味组合物和第二风味组合物,其中当咀嚼型胶基糖组合物被咀嚼时,所述第一风味组合物从咀嚼型胶基糖开始释放,而包括被包封的食品级酸的所述第二风味组合物在第一风味组合物已经开始释放之后开始释放。在另一个实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖包括第三风味组合物,所述第三风味组合物在第二风味组合物之后开始释放。
在其他实施方案中,咀嚼型胶基糖组合物递送多重、独特的风味,举例来说,如甜味风味、酸味风味、水果风味、薄荷风味等等,包括本文所公开的任意调味物和/或可感觉物质。甜味风味物和酸味风味物可以以任何顺序次序或组合被释放。举例来说,在胶基糖组合物的一个实施方案中,第一风味组合物是甜味风味物,而第二风味物是酸味风味物。在另一个实施方案中,第一风味组合物是甜味风味物,第二风味组合物是酸味风味物,并且第三风味组合物是甜味风味物。
在一些实施方案中,第一风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约5分钟至约7分钟,而第二风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约8分钟至约10分钟。在其他实施方案中,第一风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约5分钟至约7分钟,第二风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约8分钟至约10分钟,而第三风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约10分钟至约30分钟。在额外的实施方案中,第一风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约6分钟至约7分钟,第二风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约7分钟至约12分钟,而第三风味组合物在咀嚼开始后释放持续约12分钟至约30分钟。
本公开还包括制备被包封的食品级酸以及含有所述被包封的食品级酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的方法。一些实施方案包括用于制备包括咀嚼型胶基糖组合物和吹泡型胶基糖组合物两者的胶基糖组合物的方法。这些咀嚼型胶基糖组合物可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何标准的技术和设备来制备。依照一些实施方案有用的装置包括在咀嚼型胶基糖制造领域公知的混合和加热装置,因此,具体装置的选自对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。
在一个实施方案中,制备被包封的食品级酸的方法包括将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混以形成被包封的食品级酸。在一些实施方案中,被用来形成被包封的食品级酸的食品级酸在25℃和一个大气压下是固体,并且具有如本文先前所描述的粒径。在一些实施方案中,将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混是在约80至约120℃,更具体地,在约90至约110℃下进行的。在优选的实施方案中,将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混包括将脂肪酸盐与熔融的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)熔融共混,以及然后将食品级酸与熔融共混的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐熔融共混以形成被包封的食品级酸的步骤。
一旦被包封的食品级酸形成,可以冷却和研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于800微米,具体地,小于或等于约600微米,更具体地,小于或等于420微米的数均粒径的颗粒。在其他实施方案中,被包封的食品级酸可以通过研磨、筛分、筛选、切割、粉碎、压缩、碾磨等等而被加工成为颗粒。一旦被包封的食品级酸被加工成为期望的粒径,可以将所述被包封的食品级酸储存在凉爽干燥的地方,如低湿度和温度低于约35℃的密封容器中。
可以通过熔融共混胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸来将所述被包封的食品级酸进一步加入咀嚼型胶基糖组合物中以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。包括将胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和被包封的食品级酸熔融共混的优选的实施方案包括将甜味料和被包封的食品级酸与熔融的胶基糖基础剂熔融共混以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的步骤。在另一优选的实施方案中,将胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和被包封的食品级酸熔融共混的步骤还包括将胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和被包封的食品级酸与未被包封的食品级酸熔融共混的步骤。
此外,将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混的步骤包括用每千克被包封的食品级酸约70至约350千焦的混合能熔融共混。在一些实施方案中,混合能是每千克约100至约300千焦,具体地,每千克约150至约250千焦。用于熔融共混的混合能是通过用处理的熔融物质量除驱动熔融混合元件(例如,双螺杆挤出机的螺杆)所消耗的能量来计算的。举例来说,如果在熔融共混1千克被包封的食品级酸的过程中需要100千焦的能量来驱动双螺杆挤出机的螺杆,则混合能是100千焦/1千克=100千焦/千克。
在一个示例的过程中,胶基糖基础剂被加热到足够高的温度以在没有对基础剂的物理和化学构成不利的影响的情况下软化基础剂,所述温度根据所使用的胶基糖基础剂的组成而变化,并且是本领域技术人员无需过度实验就能容易地确定的。举例来说,恰好在与基础剂剩下的成分(比如增塑剂、填充剂、增量剂或甜味料、软化剂和着色试剂)递增地掺和以塑化共混物以及调节基础剂和风味增强组合物(作为与其它添加剂一起或单独的浓缩物)的硬度、粘弹性和可成形性之前,胶基糖基础剂可以被熔融到约60℃至约160℃,或者熔融到约150℃至约175℃,持续足以使基础剂熔融的一段时间,例如约三十分钟。继续混合直至得到胶基糖组合物的均匀混合物。允许将产生的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物冷却。此后,所述胶基糖组合物混合物可以被确定尺寸和形成为期望的胶基糖形状,即,棒、厚片、小丸、球等等。在将所述咀嚼型胶基糖包装之前,可以将被确定尺寸的咀嚼型胶基糖调理约一天至约一周。
在一个优选的实施方案中,制备咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的方法包括将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混以形成被包封的食品级酸。然后将胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸熔融共混以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括基于被包封的食品级酸组合物总重量的约5至约20重量百分数的量的脂肪酸盐、约5至约50重量百分数的量的食品级酸和约30至约90重量百分数的量的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠;食品级酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸或其组合;在所述将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混的步骤之前,所述食品级酸具有约50至约100微米的数均粒径;所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2至约1:8的脂肪酸盐和食品级酸;所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为1:2.5至约1:15的脂肪酸盐和聚(醋酸乙烯酯);所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.2至约1:3的食品级酸和聚(醋酸乙烯酯),并且全部咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的被包封的食品级酸和胶基糖基础剂。在一些实施方案中,所述方法还包括在约90至约120℃的温度下将聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、脂肪酸盐和食品级酸熔融共混,研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于420微米的数均粒径的颗粒,以及将胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和被包封的食品级酸与未被包封的食品级酸熔融共混的步骤。
在一些实施方案中,胶基糖块可以用水性包衣组合物来包覆,可以通过本领域已知的任何方法施加所述水性包衣组合物。包衣组合物可以以总胶基糖块的约25至约35重量百分比的量存在。
外包衣可以是硬的或酥脆的。在一些实施方案中,外包衣包括山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇或其他可结晶的多元醇;也可以使用蔗糖。还可以加入风味料以获得独特的产品特性。
如果存在包衣,所述包衣可以包括几个不透明层,以便所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物通过包衣本身不可见,所述包衣可以为了美学、质地和保护的目的可选地被另外的一个或更多个透明层覆盖。所述外包衣也可以包含少量的水和阿拉伯树胶。所述包衣可以进一步被蜡包覆。所述包衣可以以通过连续地施用包衣溶液,同时在每层包衣之间进行干燥的常规的方式来施用。虽然可以添加其他着色料,随着包衣的干燥,其通常变得不透明并且通常为白色。多元醇包衣可以进一步被蜡包覆。所述包衣可以进一步包括彩色的薄片或斑点。
如果所述组合物包括包衣,可能的是一种或更多种上述活性成分可以遍及包衣而被分散。如果一种或更多种所述活性成分在单相组合物中与另一种活性成分不相容,这可以是优选的。
如果胶基糖产品是中心填充的胶基糖,所述包衣可以被配制为帮助提高所述胶基糖块的稳定性并且防止所述液体填充物的泄漏。在一些实施方案中,所述包衣可以包括明胶组合物。所述明胶组合物可以以40重量百分数的溶液被添加,并且可以以所述包衣组合物的约5至约10重量百分数存在于所述包衣组合物中,并且更具体地,包衣溶液的约7至约8重量百分数。所述明胶的凝胶强度可以是约130勃鲁姆(bloom)至约250勃鲁姆。
添加剂(例如生理性冷却剂、咽喉舒缓剂、香辛料、暖味剂、口腔护理试剂、药剂、维生素、咖啡因和常规添加剂)可以被包括于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的任意或所有部分。可以以足以达到其预期效果的量使用这类组分。
通过下面的实施例,进一步说明前述的和其他的实施方案,所述实施例并不意图限定权利要求书的有效范围。除非另有说明,实施例中和贯穿说明书和权利要求书的所有份数和百分比是按照最终组合物的重量。
实施例1-6和比较实施例1-6
这些实验阐明了被包封的酸组合物的制备,所述被包封的酸组合物包括硬脂酸钠和其他质地改进剂。组成被总结在表1中,其中组分含量是以基于所述被包封的酸组合物的总重量的重量百分数来表达的。所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有约80,000-100,000的重均分子量,并且作为VINNAPAS B100SP从Wacker Biosolutions获得。在表1中,单硬脂酸甘油酯是作为Aldol MS2从Lonza Group Ltd获得的。氢化油是氢化棉籽油和氢化棕榈油的共混物,所述共混物具有约71℃的熔点,所述共混物是作为氢化植物油(Hydrogenated VegetableOil)从Stratas Foods获得。柠檬酸和苹果酸是以具有约75微米的数均粒径的粉末形式获得的。硬脂酸钙是从Covidien-Mallinckrodt(美国圣路易斯)获得的。实施例4中使用的硬脂酸钙包含从约0-10%的游离脂肪酸和从约0-15%的游离氧化钙。挤出机是Brabender锥形双螺杆挤出机,所述挤出机具有43.2毫米(加料端)至29毫米(出料端)的内径,以及36厘米的筒(barrel)长,在110℃的筒温度下操作。
为了制备被包封的酸,聚(醋酸乙烯酯)与任意质地改进剂被熔融共混,然后加入酸。冷却挤出物,然后研磨并筛分挤出物至小于420微米的数均粒径。在用来形成胶基糖组合物之前,将粉末状的被包封的酸储存于低湿度和低于35℃下的密封容器中。
使用基于Distek OPT-DISSTM多通道光纤紫外分光光度计的溶解系统来确定柠檬酸从实施例1和比较实施例1的组合物的释放。在40分钟的溶解研究(dissolution study)中,以210纳米的分析波长测量酸从所述包封的释放。呈现在图1中的结果显示,相较于比较实施例1的柠檬酸与增塑剂的共包封所产生的释放,实施例1的柠檬酸和硬脂酸钠的共包封产生了更慢的柠檬酸释放。
表1
表1(续)
表1(续)
实施例7和比较实施例7
这些实施例阐明了使用被包封的酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的制备。实施例7咀嚼型胶基糖组合物并入了实施例2和3的发明性的被包封的酸。比较实施例7咀嚼型胶基糖组合物并入了比较实施例2和3的作比较的被包封的酸。咀嚼型胶基糖组合物被总结在表2中,其中组分含量是以基于咀嚼型胶基糖组合物总重量的重量百分数表示的。
为了制备所述组合物,在90℃下在混合器中将胶基糖基础剂熔融。然后将被包封的酸、游离的(未被包封的)酸、乙酰磺胺酸钾盐、阿巴斯甜、卵磷脂、甘油、风味物、甘露糖醇和山梨糖醇加入包含熔融的胶基糖基础剂的混合器,并且合并以分散所述成分。将产生的咀嚼型胶基糖混合物冷却,并且然后加工成为期望的咀嚼型胶基糖形状。在包装咀嚼型胶基糖之前,将咀嚼型胶基糖在14℃和25相对湿度百分数下调理约一周。
感官评价测试小组评估了实施例7和比较实施例7的咀嚼型胶基糖用于硬度和酸度作为咀嚼时间的函数。图2是针对包含(A)单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)包封的食品级酸和(b)用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的食品级酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的胶基糖硬度作为咀嚼时间的函数的条形图。图2显示对于其中食品级酸是单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)包封的咀嚼型胶基糖,胶基糖硬度随着咀嚼时间大幅增加。与之相反,对于其中食品级酸是用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的咀嚼型胶基糖,胶基糖硬度相对恒定,并且在长的咀嚼时间下仅略有增加。图3是针对包含(A)单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)包封的食品级酸和(b)用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐包封的食品级酸的咀嚼型胶基糖的感受到的酸度作为咀嚼时间的函数的条形图。令人惊讶的是,图3显示,相较于单独用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)的食品级酸的包封,用聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐的食品级酸的包封产生了更持久和更恒定的感受到的酸度。
表2
这个书面描述使用实施例来公开本发明(包括最佳实施方式),并且还使得任何本领域技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求书限定,并且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其他实施例。如果这样的其他实施例具有不异于本权利要求书的字面语言结构要素,或者如果它们包括具有与本权利要求书的字面语言非实质不同的等同的结构要素,则它们意图在权利要求书的范围内。
所有引用的专利、专利申请以及其他参考通过引用被整体并入本文。然而,如果本申请中的术语与并入的参考抵触或冲突,来自本申请的术语优先于来自并入的参考的相冲突的术语。
所有在本文中公开的范围包括端点,并且端点与彼此独立地结合。
无论被用于前言(preamble)或权利要求的主体中,如本文所使用的,与“包括(including)”、“包含(containing)”或“以……为特征(characterized by)”同义的过渡词“包括(comprising)”(还有“包括(comprises)”等)是包括性或开放式的,并且不排除额外的、未陈述的要素或方法步骤。
除非在本文中另外指明或由上下文清楚地抵触,术语“a”、“an”、“the”以及类似指示物的在描述的发明的上下文中(具体地在所附权利要求书的上下文中)的使用要被解释为覆盖单数和复数二者。另外,还应该注意的是,本文中术语“第一”、“第二”等等不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性,而是用于区别一个要素和另一个要素。与数量结合使用的修饰语“约”包括陈述的值,并且具有由上下文指示的含义(例如,其包括与特定数量的测量相关联的误差度)。
Claims (55)
1.一种制备咀嚼型胶基糖组合物的方法,所述方法包括:
熔融共混
约30至约90重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯),
约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐,和
约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸
以形成被包封的食品级酸;其中所有的重量百分数是基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的;以及
熔融共混胶基糖基础剂、甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸,以形成咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸盐选自由C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钠盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钾盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钙盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的锌盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的镁盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的铝盐及其组合组成的组。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸选自由己二酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、谷氨酸、马来酸、苹果酸、草酸、磷酸、山梨酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其混合物组成的组。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸包括苹果酸。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤之前所述食品级酸具有约25至约600微米的数均粒径。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:10的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.5至约1:20的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:5的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
12.如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂。
13.如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法,还包括研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于800微米的数均粒径的颗粒。
14.如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤是在约80至约120℃的温度下进行的。
15.如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤包括熔融所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯),将所述脂肪酸盐与所述熔融的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)熔融共混,以及将所述食品级酸与所述熔融共混的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐熔融共混。
16.如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸的步骤还包括将所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸与未被包封的食品级酸熔融共混。
17.如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤包括用每千克所述被包封的食品级酸约70至约350千焦的混合能熔融共混。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法,
其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠;
其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸或其组合;
其中在所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤之前所述食品级酸具有约50至约100微米的数均粒径;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2至约1:8的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2.5至约1:15的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.2至约1:3的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤是在约90至约120℃的温度下进行的;
其中所述方法还包括研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于420微米的数均粒径的颗粒;
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂;并且
其中所述熔融共混所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸的步骤还包括将所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸与未被包封的食品级酸熔融共混。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法,
其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约50重量百分数的量存在,
其中所述脂肪酸盐以约10重量百分数的量存在,并且
其中所述食品级酸以约40重量百分数的量存在。
20.用权利要求1-19中任一项所述的方法制作的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
21.一种咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括:
胶基糖基础剂,
甜味料,和
被包封的食品级酸,基于所述被包封的食品级酸的重量,所述被包封的食品级酸包括
约30至约90重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯),
约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐,和
约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸。
22.如权利要求21所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量。
23.如权利要求21或22所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述脂肪酸盐选自由C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钠盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钾盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钙盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的锌盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的镁盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的铝盐及其组合组成的组。
24.如权利要求21-23中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠。
25.如权利要求21-24中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述食品级酸选自由己二酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、谷氨酸、马来酸、苹果酸、草酸、磷酸、山梨酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其混合物组成的组。
26.如权利要求21-25中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸。
27.如权利要求21-26中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述食品级酸包括苹果酸。
28.如权利要求21-27中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:10的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸。
29.如权利要求21-28中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.5至约1:20的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
30.如权利要求21-29中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:5的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
31.如权利要求21-30中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂。
32.如权利要求21-31中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,还包括未被包封的食品级酸。
33.如权利要求21所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,
其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠;
其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸或其组合;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2至约1:8的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2.5至约1:15的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.2至约1:3的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述被包封的食品级酸具有小于或等于420微米的数均粒径;
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂;并且
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物还包括未被包封的食品级酸。
34.如权利要求21所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,
其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约50重量百分数的量存在,
其中所述脂肪酸盐以约10重量百分数的量存在,并且
其中所述食品级酸以约40重量百分数的量存在。
35.如权利要求21-34中任一项所述的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物,其中通过咀嚼所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物10分钟所产生的料团,不比咀嚼缺少所述被包封的食品级酸的相应的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物10分钟后所产生的相应的料团更硬。
36.一种制备被包封的食品级酸的方法,所述方法包括:
熔融共混
约30至约90重量百分数的聚(醋酸乙烯酯),所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量,
约5至约20重量百分数的脂肪酸盐,和
约5至约50重量百分数的食品级酸
以形成被包封的食品级酸;
其中,所有重量百分数是基于所述被包封的食品级酸的总重量的。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)具有至少30,000原子质量单位的重均分子量。
38.如权利要求36或37所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸盐选自由C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钠盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钾盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的钙盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的锌盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的镁盐、C12-C36脂肪族羧酸的铝盐及其组合组成的组。
39.如权利要求36-38中任一项所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠。
40.如权利要求36-39中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸选自由己二酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、谷氨酸、马来酸、苹果酸、草酸、磷酸、山梨酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸及其混合物组成的组。
41.如权利要求36-40中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸。
42.如权利要求36-41中任一项所述的方法,其中所述食品级酸包括苹果酸。
43.如权利要求36-42中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤之前所述食品级酸具有约25至约600微米的数均粒径。
44.如权利要求36-43中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:10的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸。
45.如权利要求36-44中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.5至约1:20的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
46.如权利要求36-45中任一项所述的方法,其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1至约1:5的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)。
47.如权利要求36-46中任一项所述的方法,其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂。
48.如权利要求36-47中任一项所述的方法,还包括研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于800微米的数均粒径的颗粒。
49.如权利要求36-48中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤是在约80至约120℃的温度下进行的。
50.如权利要求36-49中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤包括熔融所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯),将所述脂肪酸盐与所述熔融的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)熔融共混,以及将所述食品级酸与所述熔融共混的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)和脂肪酸盐熔融共混。
51.如权利要求36-50中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸的步骤还包括将所述胶基糖基础剂、所述甜味料和所述被包封的食品级酸与未被包封的食品级酸熔融共混。
52.如权利要求36-51中任一项所述的方法,其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤包括用每千克所述被包封的食品级酸约70至约350千焦的混合能熔融共混。
53.如权利要求36所述的方法,
其中所述脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠;
其中所述食品级酸包括柠檬酸、苹果酸或其组合;
其中在所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤之前所述食品级酸具有约50至约100微米的数均粒径;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2至约1:8的所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸;
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:2.5至约1:15的所述脂肪酸盐和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述被包封的食品级酸包括重量比为约1:1.2至约1:3的所述食品级酸和所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯);
其中所述熔融共混所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、所述脂肪酸盐和所述食品级酸的步骤是在约90至约120℃的温度下进行的;
其中所述方法还包括研磨所述被包封的食品级酸以形成具有小于或等于420微米的数均粒径的颗粒;并且
其中所述咀嚼型胶基糖组合物包括重量比为约1:12至约1:3的所述被包封的食品级酸和所述胶基糖基础剂。
54.如权利要求36所述的方法,
其中所述聚(醋酸乙烯酯)以约50重量百分数的量存在,
其中所述脂肪酸盐以约10重量百分数的量存在,并且
其中所述食品级酸以约40重量百分数的量存在。
55.用权利要求36-54中任一项所述的方法制作的咀嚼型胶基糖组合物。
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CN110248553A (zh) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-09-17 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 用于控制咀嚼型胶基糖的活性成分的释放的高级包封方法 |
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- 2012-04-26 JP JP2014508534A patent/JP5856288B2/ja active Active
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- 2012-04-26 AU AU2012249720A patent/AU2012249720B2/en not_active Ceased
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CN108135244A (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-06-08 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 制备用于可食用组合物的包封组合物的方法 |
CN110248553A (zh) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-09-17 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 用于控制咀嚼型胶基糖的活性成分的释放的高级包封方法 |
CN110248553B (zh) * | 2017-02-08 | 2023-11-03 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 用于控制咀嚼型胶基糖的活性成分的释放的高级包封方法 |
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US20140050818A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
AU2012249720A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2701532A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
ES2656944T3 (es) | 2018-03-01 |
JP2016027819A (ja) | 2016-02-25 |
BR112013027809B1 (pt) | 2019-11-26 |
WO2012149088A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
US9737082B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
AU2012249720B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
MX2013012646A (es) | 2014-02-11 |
RU2013153104A (ru) | 2015-06-10 |
US9011946B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
US20150223489A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
PL2701532T3 (pl) | 2018-04-30 |
CN103635096B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
RU2559406C2 (ru) | 2015-08-10 |
EP2701532B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
JP2014512827A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
JP5856288B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
MX365710B (es) | 2019-06-11 |
US20170245522A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
CA2834512A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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