CN103598070A - Method for stably supplying soil moisture to plants with shallow root systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for stably supplying soil moisture to plants with shallow root systems. The moisture can be stably supplied to soil for the plants with the shallow root systems by the aid of cultivation grooves by the method. The method includes steps of preparing air-dried soil and fertilizers which are required by growth of the plants with the shallow root systems; filling prepared cultivation media into the cultivation grooves, parallelly placing upper microporous clay pipes and lower microporous clay pipes into the cultivation grooves; cultivating seeds or seedlings of the plants with the shallow root systems in the centers of the cultivation grooves; enabling the lower microporous clay pipes to automatically supply the moisture to the root systems under the effect of change of water potential of the soil. The method has the advantages that change of water potential of different position points of the soil inside the cultivation grooves can be instantly responded, and water can be timely supplemented, so that the soil moisture can be stably supplied to the shallow root systems at various layered depths and within various transverse ranges to be absorbed and utilized by the shallow root systems, and drought stress harm to the plants due to incapability of timely responding to deficiency of soil moisture can be prevented; an obvious water saving effect can be realized; fertilizer nutrient can be guaranteed against being lost to pollute surrounding soil and water sources along with flowing of the water.

Description

A method for realizing the stable supply of soil moisture for shallow-rooted plants

technical field

The invention relates to a method for realizing stable soil water supply of shallow root plants, belonging to the field of agricultural science and technology.

Background technique

Water is the lifeblood of human beings and a necessary condition for the normal growth of plants. Against the background of global warming, regional droughts and periodical droughts occur frequently, and under the severe situation of increasingly scarce water resources, water conservation and efficient water use are the themes of agricultural production and even various industries around the world. At present, the national agricultural irrigation water is about 350 billion m ³ /a, accounting for 90% of the total agricultural water use and 63% of the national total water use. Due to the rapid increase of urban and industrial water use, the proportion of agricultural water use in the country's total water use is on a downward trend. Therefore, the key to the current problem of agricultural water use is to use water efficiently and save water. In my country, it is only in recent years that water saving has been put in an important position and regarded as a "revolutionary measure". What has been done in the past mainly revolves around improving irrigation management and improving the level of irrigation technology, which belongs to pure irrigation business work, and rarely connects them with efficient use of water resources, conservation and protection.

Under the current agricultural production conditions, there are various cultivation modes of field crops, protected areas and high economic value plants. In order to pursue higher economic benefits, the phenomenon of large fat and large water in different cultivation modes is common: such as large grain fields Flood irrigation, frequent water and fertilizer irrigation of facility vegetables, and uninterrupted irrigation of high economic value crops. At present, in agricultural production, passive water absorption by plant roots is the main way. These supply methods often do not match water and nutrients according to the needs of crop growth. The water and fertilizer supplied are usually higher than the normal growth needs of crops. Although higher yields can be obtained, but The quality of the produced products deteriorates. At the same time, the amount of water evaporation and leaching loss is large, the input of nutrients is large, and the efficiency is low. It will also cause the accumulation of nutrients in the soil and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching into groundwater, which not only wastes energy. And cause negative impact to the ecological environment, agricultural production can not be sustainable development. In recent years, with the improvement of production level, water and fertilizer integration technologies such as infiltration irrigation, drip irrigation, and micro-spraying have been developed rapidly, especially in the application area of vegetables and flowers in northern facilities, and some tropical fruit trees on hillsides in the south. The irrigation method largely avoids the phenomenon of excessive water and large fertilizers, which can greatly save water resources, improve water use efficiency, and at the same time reduce fertilizer input and increase nutrient use efficiency. However, the fundamental starting point of this technology is to save water, fertilizer and labor. It is still a way for plants to passively receive water and nutrient supply. The manipulator of irrigation and fertilization is human, and the standard for human to judge water and fertilizer supply is based on plant growth and weather conditions. As well as the dry and wet conditions of the soil surface, etc., the actual conditions of the root system and rhizosphere soil cannot be ascertained, which is far from the objective requirements of plant water and nutrients under specific cultivation conditions, and it is impossible to realize the real water supply of plants. A smooth supply of water actively absorbed by the plants.

The stable soil moisture supply mode in which plants actively absorb water is a new type of water supply mode studied by scientific researchers in recent years, such as a closed cultivation system with negative pressure control and Its operation method, the plant negative pressure water supply system disclosed in Chinese patent document CN1823578A (patent number: 200510045890), its basic principle is that after the plant root system absorbs water, the water potential of the root zone soil will drop. When the water potential drops below the specific water supply that is in close contact with the soil When the water potential in the device (through negative pressure control, set a fixed water potential value, and will not actively supply water to the soil), the water in the device flows to the soil with low water potential, and then the water moves in different directions through soil capillary action. When the soil water potential is uniform When the rise is equal to the water potential of the water supply device, the device will stop water supply, and the root system of the plant will absorb water again after being affected by the external environment and its own physiological metabolic activities, the soil water potential will decrease again, and the device will continue to supply water. A state of steady supply of water actively absorbed by plant roots. This stable water supply mode is the active water regulation mechanism of plants according to their own activities, which can be highly consistent with the law of plant water demand, and there will be no loss or waste of soil water supply from the outside world, realizing efficient water use and water conservation in the true sense.

Another example is a negative head irrigation system disclosed in Chinese patent document CN1788542A (patent number: 200510123974.X), a negative pressure automatic irrigation basin disclosed in Chinese patent document CN201830706U (patent number: 201020528940.5), and a negative pressure automatic irrigation basin disclosed in Chinese patent document CN101185413A (patent number: 200710178527.3) discloses a device for automatically controlling the constant soil water potential. The water supply tray or water supply pipe of the above device is set at the bottom of the root system, and there is no design of different soil moisture stable supply cultivation devices according to the characteristics of the specific plant root system and the operation of the realization technology method, it is impossible to study the stable supply of water and nutrients for different plants to the maximum extent, and the structure is complex, the operating cost is high, and the timely demand for water by the root system cannot be met, causing the normal growth of plants to be affected.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for realizing the stable supply of soil water for shallow-rooted plants according to the characteristics of vertical and horizontal distribution of roots of shallow-rooted plants and the characteristics of roots absorbing soil moisture.

Terminology Explanation:

Shallow-rooted plants: shallow-rooted plants in the present invention refer to relatively small root biomass, and the roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer with a soil depth of 5-40 cm, including tap root and fibrous root plants. The common feature is that the plant form is relatively short , the amount of dry matter is less, the later growth is faster, the frequency of water and fertilizer supply is higher, the distribution of the root system in the soil is inverted triangle or similar to the spindle shape, and the function difference of different parts of the root system is small. The functions of the root system are equivalent (as shown in Figure 1). The root system is more distributed in the shallow soil and has a wider range. The horizontal distribution of the root system in the lower layer is narrow. Shallow root crops are mainly leafy vegetables, and also include some fruit vegetables and flowers.

Whole growth period: The whole growth period refers to the whole growth process of a plant from sowing germination to harvest or maturity.

The maximum water holding capacity in the field: refers to the relatively stable soil water content that the soil profile can maintain after a certain period of time after the soil is fully irrigated or precipitation, allowing the water to infiltrate fully and prevent evaporation, that is, the maximum water content that the soil can stabilize .

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for realizing the stable supply of soil moisture for shallow-rooted plants. The method utilizes a cultivation tank to carry out stable water supply for the soil of shallow-rooted plants. The cultivation tank includes a tank body with an open upper end and a closed lower end. The tank body is The top is wide and the bottom is narrow, and the truncated inverted cone is filled with cultivation substrate in the tank body. In the cultivation substrate located in the tank body 5-10cm away from the upper surface of the tank body, an upper microporous pottery clay tube is arranged. Below the upper microporous pottery clay tube The lower microporous clay tubes are arranged at a distance, the upper microporous clay tubes and the lower microporous clay tubes are circular tubes and parallel to each other, and the upper microporous clay tubes and the lower microporous clay tubes are horizontally arranged in the tank body And they are all parallel to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the tank body. The upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe are jointly connected to the water pipe, and the water pipe extends to the outside of the tank and communicates with the water supply device. Clay tubes surround the shallow root system and provide water to the plant's shallow root system,

Proceed as follows:

(1) According to the volume of the cultivation tank, air-dried soil is required for the growth of shallow-rooted plants, and fertilizers are prepared according to the nutrient requirements of shallow-rooted plants, and the air-dried soil and fertilizer are fully mixed to obtain a cultivation substrate;

(2) Fill the prepared cultivation medium into the cultivation tank, put the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube while filling the cultivation medium, and put the lower microporous clay tube at a distance of 10-15cm from the lower end of the tank body Put the upper microporous clay tube at a distance of 5-10cm from the upper end of the tank body, place the lower microporous clay tube and the upper microporous clay tube in parallel in the cultivation tank, and connect the water pipe with the automatic control water inlet device outside the cultivation tank connected;

(3) After filling all the cultivation substrates into the cultivation tank, plant seeds or seedlings of shallow-rooted plants in the center of the cultivation tank,

(4) Irrigate water into the cultivation tank, the amount of water to be irrigated is 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field,

(5) Embed the cultivation tank in the soil in the field, make the upper surface of the cultivation tank flush with the soil surface, and fill the soil around the cultivation tank.

(6) Turn on the water supply device, the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe automatically supply root water through the change of soil water potential, so as to realize the stable water supply of shallow root crops.

Preferably in the present invention, the fertilizer in the step (1) includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements, the nitrogen fertilizer is a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the application amount of the fertilizer is calculated and prepared according to the nutrients required by the plant throughout the growth period, The amount of irrigation water described in step (4) is 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

The water supply device is an automatic control water inlet device, the automatic control water inlet device includes a sealed water container, the water container is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet of the water container is connected to the water source pipe , the water outlet of the water container is connected to the water pipes of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe. The water container is filled with irrigation water with a constant water potential. The irrigation water does not fill the entire water container. In addition to the water, there is air above, and a water valve is arranged between the water inlet of the water container and the water source pipe, and the water valve is connected with a controller that can control the opening and closing of the water valve according to the negative pressure value in the water container. When the water content of the soil around the clay pipe decreases and the water potential decreases, the clay pipe seeps into the soil, resulting in a decrease in the water volume in the water container (at this time, the water potential value gradually decreases), and the absolute value of the negative pressure in the container gradually increases. When the control When the device detects that the absolute value of the negative pressure is higher than the set negative pressure value, it will automatically open the water valve, and the supplementary water will flow into the water container, and the absolute value of the negative pressure in the water container will gradually decrease (the water potential will gradually increase). When the set negative pressure value is reached, the controller will control the water valve to close, stop water into the container, and keep a constant water potential in the water container.

Preferably according to the present invention, the circle centers of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe are on a vertical straight line with the circle center of the upper end surface of the tank body and the circle center of the lower end surface, and the distance between the upper microporous clay pipe and the upper end surface of the tank body The distance is 8-10cm, the distance between the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe is 15-25cm, and the distance between the lower microporous clay pipe and the bottom of the tank is 10-15cm. The distance between the upper microporous pottery clay tube and the upper end surface of the tank body and the distance between the upper microporous pottery clay tube and the lower microporous pottery clay tube of the present invention are specifically selected according to the longitudinal spatial distribution characteristics of the roots of shallow-rooted plants, The upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube surround the shallow root system and provide water for the shallow root system, so that the water can be distributed more evenly around the root system, and the shallow root system can actively absorb water. The upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube The pottery clay pipes supply water to the shallow root systems of different depths, so that the roots of the shallow root plants can fully and actively absorb water, and can take into account the vertical depth distribution range of the upper and lower root systems, so that the cultivation tank of the present invention has a wider application range.

Preferably according to the present invention, the diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous clay pipe is 25-30 cm, and the diameter of the inner ring of the lower microporous clay pipe is 15-20 cm. The diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous pottery clay tube and the inner ring diameter of the lower microporous pottery clay tube of the present invention are specifically selected according to the lateral distribution of roots of shallow-rooted plants, which are consistent with the characteristics of the lateral spatial distribution of roots of shallow-rooted plants. The design can control the lateral growth range of the upper root system and the lower root system in order to respond to the root water demand in time.

Preferably, the diameter of the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube is 1.2-1.7 cm, the thickness of the tube wall is 0.3-0.5 cm, and micropores are evenly distributed on the tube wall, and the micropore diameter is 50-100 cm. Micron. The advantages of this design: the micropores can only be used for water penetration, air and soil cannot penetrate, a closed water body is formed between the upper microporous clay tube, the lower microporous clay tube and the water supply device, the upper microporous clay tube, the lower microporous clay tube The porous clay pipe is in direct contact with the soil, and the soil water potential drops through the microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe for water supply. The pore diameter of the micropores of the present invention is 50-100 microns, the air intake value is low, and at the same time, the cultivation substrate is prevented from clogging the micropores, the water outlet is convenient and sensitive, and water can be discharged from the micropores under the condition of a small water potential difference.

Preferably according to the present invention, the tank body is made of ceramic or clay material, the diameter of the upper end surface of the tank body is 30-40cm, the diameter of the lower end surface is 20-25cm, and the height between the upper end surface and the lower end surface is 35-40cm. The thickness of the side wall of the body is uniform, and the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is 0.8-1.2 cm.

Preferably, the water pipe includes a water collection pipe and a water inlet pipe. The water collection pipe is located on one side of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe and communicates with the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe. Connect the water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is a flexible pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected with the automatic control water inlet device.

The automatic control water inlet device is arranged at a position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 8-10 cm above the upper end of the cultivation tank, and the distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe and the inner wall of the tank body is 5-10cm.

The upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe of the present invention are all prior art, and are produced and sold by Yixing Taoxin Ceramics Co., Ltd.

The cultivation tank of the present invention is designed through the reasonable size of the upper and lower microporous clay tubes inside and the relative position of the space in the cultivation tank. Compared with the position and size design outside the present invention, under the same environmental conditions, the water inlet device can be automatically controlled. The opening time of the negative pressure control valve is shortened by an average of 8-25 minutes in the response time applied to different plants, that is, the cultivation tank of the present invention can respond in time to the soil water potential change in the cultivation tank and the water demand of the plant root system, and can realize plant growth. The dynamic and stable supply of water needs, so as to avoid the drought stress damage of plants caused by the lack of soil water but unable to respond in time.

Features and excellent effects of the present invention:

1. The method of the present invention can react immediately to the water potential changes at different positions of the soil inside the cultivation tank, and replenish water in time to realize a stable supply of soil moisture, and truly realize the dynamic and stable supply of water required by plants. The soil in the cultivation tank is used for the absorption and utilization of the shallow root system in the depth of each layer and in the horizontal range, so as to avoid the drought stress damage of the plants caused by the lack of soil water but unable to respond in time. It also avoids the occurrence of water leakage to the ground and surface evaporation, improves water use efficiency, greatly reduces irrigation water consumption, and has a very obvious water-saving effect. and water pollution.

2. The method of the present invention fully irrigates the soil and clay pipes after they are transferred to the cultivation tank, which to a large extent avoids the ineffective absorption of the root system caused by the loose contact between the soil and the pipes.

3. The method of the present invention is more conducive to the slow release effect of the mixed-release nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of stable water supply, and can better play the role characteristics of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, avoiding the phenomenon of burning roots and seedlings caused by the rapid conversion of available nitrogen fertilizers .

4. The method of the present invention can keep the soil water potential constant to the greatest extent, which is conducive to researching various parameters under this water irrigation mode.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a basic root morphology diagram of a shallow-rooted plant,

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer absorption distribution area of shallow-rooted plants,

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the cultivation groove that realizes the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture,

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of shallow root plants in the cultivation tank of the present invention,

Among them: 1. The upper end surface of the tank body, 2. The lower end surface of the tank body, 3. The water inlet pipe, 4. The upper microporous clay pipe, 5. The lower microporous clay pipe, 6. The water supply device, 7. The water collection pipe.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below through specific examples, but not limited thereto.

Example 1

A method for realizing the stable supply of soil moisture of shallow-rooted plants, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare the air-dried soil required for the growth of shallow root plants according to the volume of the cultivation tank, prepare the fertilizer required for the entire growth period according to the nutrient requirements of shallow root plants, and fully mix the air-dried soil and fertilizer to prepare the cultivation substrate;

(2) Place the lower microporous clay tube and the upper microporous clay tube in parallel in the cultivation tank in the order of first down and then up, so that the upper microporous clay tube is 8cm away from the upper end of the tank body, and the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube are placed in the cultivation tank in parallel. The distance between the hole clay pipes is 18cm, and the water pipes are connected with the water supply device outside the cultivation tank;

(3) After filling all the cultivation substrates into the cultivation tank, plant seeds or seedlings of shallow-rooted plants in the center of the cultivation tank,

(4) Irrigate water into the cultivation tank, and the amount of water to be irrigated is 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field,

(5) Embed the cultivation tank in the soil in the field, make the upper surface of the cultivation tank flush with the soil surface, and fill the soil around the cultivation tank.

(6) Turn on the water supply device, the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe automatically supply root water through the change of soil water potential, so as to realize the stable water supply of shallow root crops.

The cultivation tank, as shown in Figure 3, includes a tank with an open upper end and a closed lower end. The tank is made of clay material. 1 has a diameter of 30cm, the diameter of the lower end surface 2 is 20cm, the height between the upper end surface 1 and the lower end surface 2 is 35cm, the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is uniform, and the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is 0.8cm. Cultivation matrix is filled in the tank body, an upper microporous clay tube 4 is arranged in the tank body, a lower microporous clay tube 5 is arranged between the bottom of the upper microporous clay tube 4, the upper microporous clay tube 4, the lower microporous clay tube The tubes 5 are circular tubes and parallel to each other. The upper microporous clay tube 4 and the lower microporous clay tube 5 are horizontally arranged in the tank body and are parallel to the upper end surface 1 and the lower end surface 2 of the tank body. The upper microporous clay tube 4 1. The center of circle of the lower microporous clay pipe 5 and the center of circle of the upper end surface 4 of the tank body and the center of circle of the lower end surface 2 are on a vertical straight line, and the distance between the upper microporous clay pipe 4 and the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 8cm. The distance between the porous clay pipe 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 is 18cm, and the distance between the lower microporous clay pipe 5 and the bottom of the tank body is 12cm. The diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous clay tube 4 is 25 cm, and the diameter of the inner ring of the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 15 cm. The pipe diameters of the upper microporous clay pipe 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 are 1.2cm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.3cm. 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 are jointly connected to the water pipe. The water pipe includes a water collection pipe and a water inlet pipe. The clay pipes are connected, and the water collecting pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe, which is a flexible pipe, and the water inlet pipe extends to the outside of the tank and is connected with the water supply device 6 . The water supply device 6 is an automatic control water inlet device. The automatic control water inlet device includes a sealed water container. The water container is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The water outlet of the water container is connected with the water pipes of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe. The water container is filled with irrigation water with a constant water potential. The irrigation water does not fill the entire water container. , the top is equipped with air, and a water valve is arranged between the water inlet of the water container and the water source water pipe, and the water valve is connected with a controller that can control the opening and closing of the water valve according to the negative pressure value in the water container.

The water supply 6 is arranged at a position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 10 cm above the upper end of the cultivation tank, and the distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the lower microporous clay tube 5 and the inner wall of the tank body is 5 cm.

The root distribution of shallow-rooted plants is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. After shallow-rooted plants enter the cultivation tank of the present invention or plant seeds begin to germinate in the cultivation tank, the plant roots grow from shallow to deep, and from near to far in lateral range. Affected by the absorption of water by the root system and the loss of soil water, the water potential of the soil around the root system gradually decreases. Due to the capillary action of the soil, the water in the cultivation tank flows from the high water potential to the low soil water potential where the plant roots absorb water. When the soil water potential in the cultivation tank When the water potential in the clay pipe is lower than the water potential in the clay pipe, there is a water potential difference between the soil water potential and the water potential in the clay pipe, and the water in the clay pipe automatically penetrates into the soil through the micropores. After the water in the clay pipe flows out, the sealed container The water volume in the water container decreases, and the water pressure decreases. When the water pressure is lower than the negative pressure value set by the controller, the water valve opens, and the water enters the water container and flows into the clay pipe. When the clay pipe seeps into the soil, the soil water potential value increases uniformly. When it is equal to the water potential value in the clay pipe, the clay pipe stops seeping water into the soil, and when the water pressure of the water container connected with the clay pipe returns to the same negative pressure value set by the automatic water inlet device, the valve will automatically close and stop. Water is fed into the water container, so it does not continue to feed the clay pipe. As the plants grow, the root system continues to absorb water. Affected by changes in the soil water potential, the microporous clay pipe seeps again, and the water pressure in the water container drops. The automatic control water inlet device continues to feed water into the container, and the steady supply of water is realized. This is also a water supply method in dynamic balance.

When the root system of the shallow-rooted plant grows to a certain extent horizontally and vertically, the upper and lower ring-shaped microporous clay tubes of the cultivation tank of the present invention can sense the water demand signal of the plant root system in a short time through a reasonable relative position with the plant root system (The water potential drops), so as to realize the timely supply of water.

Example 2

A method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture, as shown in Example 1, the difference is:

Step (1) Prepare the air-dried soil required for the growth of shallow root plants according to the volume of the cultivation tank, and prepare the fertilizers required for the entire growth period according to the nutrient requirements of shallow root plants. Fertilizers include controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements, and the amount of fertilizer applied Calculate and formulate according to the nutrients needed by plants throughout the growth period,

In step (4), water is poured into the cultivation tank, and the amount of water to be poured is 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

Example 3

A method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture, as shown in Example 1, the difference is:

The diameter of the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 40cm, the diameter of the lower end surface 2 is 25cm, the height between the upper end surface 1 and the lower end surface 2 is 40cm, the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is uniform, and the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is 1.2cm. The distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 10 cm, the distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 20 cm, and the distance between the lower microporous clay tube 5 and the bottom of the tank body is 10 cm. The distance is 15cm. The diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous clay tube 4 is 30 cm, and the diameter of the inner ring of the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 20 cm. The diameter of the upper microporous clay pipe 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 are both 1.7cm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.5cm. Micropores are evenly distributed on the pipe wall, and the diameter of the micropores is 100 microns. 6 is arranged on the position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 8cm above the cultivation tank upper end, and the distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay pipe 4, the lower microporous clay pipe 5 and the inner wall of the tank body is 5cm.

Example 4

A method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture, as shown in Example 1, the difference is:

The distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 8 cm, the distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 20 cm, and the distance between the lower microporous clay tube 5 and the bottom of the tank body is 8 cm. The distance is 15cm. The diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous clay tube 4 is 28 cm, and the diameter of the inner ring of the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 18 cm. The diameter of the upper microporous clay pipe 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 are both 1.8cm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.3cm. Micropores are evenly distributed on the pipe wall, and the diameter of the micropores is 100 microns. 6 is arranged on the position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 10cm above the cultivation tank upper end, and the distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay pipe 4, the lower microporous clay pipe 5 and the inner wall of the tank body is 8cm.

Example 5

A method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture, as shown in Example 1, the difference is:

The diameter of the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 35cm, the diameter of the lower end surface 2 is 22cm, the height between the upper end surface 1 and the lower end surface 2 is 38cm, the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is uniform, and the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is 1.0cm. The distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the upper end surface 1 of the tank body is 5 cm, the distance between the upper microporous clay tube 4 and the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 15 cm, and the distance between the lower microporous clay tube 5 and the bottom of the tank body is 5 cm. The distance is 10cm. The diameter of the inner ring of the upper microporous clay tube 4 is 35 cm, and the diameter of the inner ring of the lower microporous clay tube 5 is 22 cm. The diameter of the upper microporous clay pipe 4 and the lower microporous clay pipe 5 are both 1.7cm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.5cm. Micropores are evenly distributed on the pipe wall, and the diameter of the micropores is 100 microns. 6 is arranged on the position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 8cm higher than the upper end of the cultivation tank, and the distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay pipe 4, the lower microporous clay pipe 5 and the inner wall of the tank body is 10cm.

Claims (9)

1. A method for realizing the stable supply of shallow-rooted plant soil moisture, the method utilizes cultivation tanks to carry out stable water supply for shallow-rooted plant soils, and described cultivation tanks include an open upper end and a closed tank body at the lower end, and the described tank The body is a truncated inverted conical shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom. The cultivation substrate is filled in the tank body. The upper microporous clay tube is arranged in the cultivation substrate located 5-10 cm away from the upper end surface of the tank body in the tank body. A lower microporous clay tube is arranged at a certain distance below the bottom of the tube, the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube are circular tubes and are parallel to each other, and the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube are arranged horizontally on the The tank body is parallel to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the tank body, the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe are jointly connected to the water pipe, and the water pipe extends to the outside of the tank and communicates with the water supply device. The microporous clay tube surrounds the shallow root system and provides water for the shallow root system of the plant, Proceed as follows: (1) According to the volume of the cultivation tank, air-dried soil is required for the growth of shallow-rooted plants, and fertilizers are prepared according to the nutrient requirements of shallow-rooted plants, and the air-dried soil and fertilizer are fully mixed to obtain a cultivation substrate; (2) Fill the prepared cultivation medium into the cultivation tank, put the upper microporous clay tube and the lower microporous clay tube while filling the cultivation medium, and put the lower microporous clay tube at a distance of 10-15cm from the lower end of the tank body Put the upper microporous clay tube at a distance of 5-10cm from the upper end of the tank body, place the lower microporous clay tube and the upper microporous clay tube in parallel in the cultivation tank, and connect the water pipe with the automatic control water inlet device outside the cultivation tank connected; (3) After filling all the cultivation substrates into the cultivation tank, plant seeds or seedlings of shallow-rooted plants in the center of the cultivation tank, (4) Irrigate water into the cultivation tank, the amount of water to be irrigated is 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, (5) Embed the cultivation tank in the soil in the field, make the upper end of the cultivation tank flush with the soil surface, fill the soil around the cultivation tank, (6) Turn on the water supply device, the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe automatically supply root water through the change of soil water potential, so as to realize the stable water supply of shallow root crops. 2. The method for realizing stable soil moisture supply of shallow root plants according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer in the step (1) includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements, and the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled release Nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer applied is calculated and formulated according to the nutrients required by the plants throughout the growth period, and the irrigation amount described in step (4) is 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field. 3. The method for realizing the stable supply of soil moisture of shallow root plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, the described water supply device is an automatic control water inlet device, and the described automatic control water inlet device includes a sealed water tank The water container is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the water container is connected to the water source water pipe, the water outlet of the water container is connected to the water pipes of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe, and the water container The irrigation water with constant water potential is filled inside, and the irrigation water does not fill the entire water container. In addition to the irrigation water, there is air above the water container. There is a water valve between the water inlet of the water container and the water source pipe. It is connected with a controller that can control the opening and closing of the water valve according to the negative pressure value in the water container. 4. the method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture according to claim 1 is characterized in that the center of circle of the upper microporous clay pipe, the lower microporous clay pipe and the center of circle of the upper end surface of the tank body and the center of circle of the lower end surface are within On a vertical straight line, the distance between the upper microporous clay pipe and the upper end surface of the tank body is 8-10cm, the distance between the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe is 15-25cm, and the lower microporous clay pipe The distance from the bottom of the tank is 10-15cm. 5. the method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inner ring diameter of the upper microporous pottery clay pipe is 25-30cm, and the inner ring diameter of the lower microporous pottery clay pipe is 15-30 cm. 20cm. 6. the method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pipe diameter of described upper microporous pottery clay pipe and lower microporous pottery clay pipe is 1.2-1.7cm, and the pipe wall thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, micropores are evenly distributed on the tube wall, and the diameter of the micropores is 50-100 microns. 7. The method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, the described tank body is made of pottery or pottery clay material, the diameter of the upper surface of the tank body is 30-40cm, and the diameter of the lower surface is 20 cm. -25cm, the height between the upper end surface and the lower end surface is 35-40cm, the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is uniform, and the thickness of the side wall of the tank body is 0.8-1.2cm. 8. The method for realizing the stable supply of shallow root plant soil moisture according to claim 1, wherein the water pipe comprises a water collection pipe and a water inlet pipe, and the water collection pipe is located between the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe. One side is also connected with the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe, and the water collecting pipe is connected with a water inlet pipe, which is a flexible pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected with an automatic control water inlet device. 9. The method for realizing the stable supply of soil moisture of shallow-rooted plants according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control water inlet device is arranged at a position parallel to the upper end of the cultivation tank to 8-10 cm higher than the upper end of the cultivation tank, The distance between the outer edge of the upper microporous clay pipe and the lower microporous clay pipe and the inner wall of the tank body is 5-10 cm.

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