CN103548819B - Flower preservative containing Chinese herbal medicine extract and application thereof - Google Patents
Flower preservative containing Chinese herbal medicine extract and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂及其用途，属于花卉保鲜剂技术领域。其特征在于含有重量百分含量的以下物质：3-15%的中草药浸提物，0.5-5%的增效剂，80-96%的水。上述一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，以中草药浸提物为有效成分，能全面满足切花离开母体后所需的多种营养和能量，使它维持较长时间的生理和生化过程，延长瓶插寿命，同时能起到护色、增色效果；其不含有害化学成分，具有较强的抑菌效果，可以尽可能地使鲜花处于盛开状态，使用方便，成本低效果可靠。The invention relates to a flower antistaling agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract and its application, belonging to the technical field of flower antistaling agents. It is characterized in that it contains the following substances in percentage by weight: 3-15% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.5-5% of synergist, and 80-96% of water. The above-mentioned fresh-keeping agent for flowers containing Chinese herbal medicine extract takes Chinese herbal medicine extract as an active ingredient, which can fully meet the various nutrients and energy needed by cut flowers after leaving the mother body, so that it can maintain a long period of physiological and biochemical processes and prolong the life of the cut flower. The longevity of the vase can also protect and enhance the color; it does not contain harmful chemical components, has a strong antibacterial effect, and can keep the flowers in full bloom as much as possible. It is easy to use, low in cost and reliable in effect.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于花卉保鲜剂技术领域，具体为一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂及其用途。 The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh-keeping agents for flowers, in particular to a fresh-keeping agent for flowers containing Chinese herbal medicine extracts and its application.
背景技术 Background technique
花卉，尤其是鲜切花，采后为了保持最好的品质，延迟衰老，抵抗外界环境的变化，常常采用花卉保鲜剂予以处理。花卉保鲜剂包括一般保鲜液、水合液、脉冲液、STS脉冲液，花蕾开放液和瓶插保持液等。在采后处理的各个环节，从栽培到批发、零售、消费，都可以使用花卉保鲜剂。许多切花经保鲜处理后，可延长花卉寿命2～3倍。花卉保鲜剂能使花朵增大，保持叶片和花瓣的色泽，从而提高花卉品质。 Flowers, especially fresh cut flowers, are often treated with flower preservatives in order to maintain the best quality, delay aging, and resist changes in the external environment after harvest. Flower preservatives include general fresh-keeping solution, hydration solution, pulse solution, STS pulse solution, flower bud opening solution and vase maintenance solution, etc. Flower preservatives can be used in all aspects of postharvest treatment, from cultivation to wholesale, retail, and consumption. Many cut flowers can prolong the life of flowers by 2 to 3 times after fresh-keeping treatment. Flower preservatives can increase the size of flowers and maintain the color of leaves and petals, thereby improving the quality of flowers.
大部分商业性保鲜剂都含有碳水化合物、杀菌剂、乙烯抑制剂、生长调节剂和矿质营养成分。碳水化合物是切花的主要营养源和能量来源，它能维持离开母体后的切花所有生理和生化过程。外供糖源，将参与延长瓶插寿命，起着维持切花细胞中线粒体结构和功能的作用。通过调节蒸腾作用和细胞渗透压促进水分平衡，增加水分吸收。蔗糖是保鲜剂中使用最广泛的碳水化合物之一，果糖和葡萄糖有时也采用。不同的切花种类或同一种类不同品种最适宜保鲜剂中糖的浓度不同。如在花蕾开放液中，石竹最适浓度为10%，而菊花叶片对糖敏感，一般用2%，月季高于1.5%易引起叶片烧伤，最适糖浓度还与处理方法和时间长短有关，一般来说，对一特定切花，保鲜剂处理时间越长，所需糖的浓度越低，因此脉冲液(采后较短时间处理)中的糖浓度高，花蕾开放液浓度中等，而瓶插保持液糖浓度较低。杀菌剂在花瓶中生长的微生物种类有细菌、酵母和霉菌，这些微生物大量繁殖后，阻碍花茎导管、影响切花吸水，并产生乙烯和其他有毒物质而加速切花衰老。为了控制微生物生长，保鲜剂中可以加入杀菌剂或与其他成分混用。乙烯抑制剂硫代硫酸银(STS)是目前花卉业使用最广泛的最佳乙烯抑制剂，在植物体内有较好的移动性，对花朵内乙烯合成有高效抑制作用，有效地延长多种花卉的瓶插寿命。STS需随用随配，配好液最好立即使用，如不马上使用应避光保存，它可在20～30℃的黑暗环境中保存4天。生长调节剂，生长调节剂用于花卉保鲜剂中，它们包括人工合成的生长素与植物内源激素。植物生长调节剂可单独使用或与其他成分混合用。它可以引起或抑制植物体内各种生理和生化进程，从而延缓切花的衰老过程。其中，细胞分裂素是最常用的，它主要能抑制乙烯产生，应用时可喷布或浸沾，最适浓度为10～100ppm，浸2分钟即可，如时间过长，也会产生不良后果，香石竹对此处理效果最佳。 Most commercial preservatives contain carbohydrates, fungicides, ethylene inhibitors, growth regulators and mineral nutrients. Carbohydrates are the main source of nutrition and energy for cut flowers, which can maintain all physiological and biochemical processes of cut flowers after leaving the mother. The external sugar source will participate in prolonging vase life and maintaining the structure and function of mitochondria in cut flower cells. Promotes water balance and increases water absorption by regulating transpiration and cell osmotic pressure. Sucrose is one of the most widely used carbohydrates in preservatives, and fructose and glucose are also sometimes used. Different types of cut flowers or different varieties of the same type are most suitable for different concentrations of sugar in preservatives. For example, in the flower bud opening solution, the optimum concentration of Dianthus is 10%, while the leaves of chrysanthemum are sensitive to sugar, generally 2% is used, and roses higher than 1.5% can easily cause leaf burns. The optimum concentration of sugar is also related to the treatment method and the length of time. Generally speaking, for a specific cut flower, the longer the preservative treatment time is, the lower the sugar concentration is required. Therefore, the sugar concentration in the pulse liquid (short time after harvest) is high, the concentration of the bud opening liquid is medium, and the concentration of the vase is high. Keep the liquid sugar concentration low. The types of microorganisms grown by fungicides in vases include bacteria, yeasts and molds. After these microorganisms reproduce in large numbers, they will hinder the flower stem ducts, affect the water absorption of cut flowers, and produce ethylene and other toxic substances to accelerate the aging of cut flowers. In order to control the growth of microorganisms, bactericides can be added to the preservative or mixed with other ingredients. Ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulfate (STS) is currently the most widely used best ethylene inhibitor in the flower industry. It has good mobility in plants, has a high-efficiency inhibitory effect on ethylene synthesis in flowers, and effectively prolongs the life of various flowers. bottle life. STS needs to be prepared immediately after use. It is best to use the prepared solution immediately. If it is not used immediately, it should be stored away from light. It can be stored in a dark environment at 20-30°C for 4 days. Growth regulators, growth regulators are used in flower preservatives, they include synthetic auxins and plant endogenous hormones. Plant growth regulators can be used alone or in combination with other ingredients. It can cause or inhibit various physiological and biochemical processes in plants, thereby delaying the aging process of cut flowers. Among them, cytokinin is the most commonly used. It can mainly inhibit the production of ethylene. It can be sprayed or dipped in application. The optimum concentration is 10-100ppm, and it can be soaked for 2 minutes. If the time is too long, it will also have adverse consequences. , carnation works best for this treatment.
瓶插保鲜液的种类繁多，不同的种类有不同的保鲜液配方。由于一些切花丛茎端和淹在水中的叶片分泌出有害物质，会伤害他们自身和同一瓶中的其他花卉，因此每隔一段时间，应给花瓶调换新鲜的保鲜剂。 There are many types of preservative solutions for bottle inserts, and different types have different preservative solutions. Because some cut flowers secrete harmful substances from stem ends and submerged leaves, which will harm themselves and other flowers in the same vase, so fresh preservatives should be replaced for vases at regular intervals.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
鉴于现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明的目的在于设计提供一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂及其用途的技术方案，其不含有害化学成分，具有较强的抑菌效果，可以尽可能地使鲜花处于盛开状态，使用方便，成本低效果可靠。 In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design and provide a kind of flower preservative containing Chinese herbal medicine extract and a technical scheme of its use, which does not contain harmful chemical components, has a strong antibacterial effect, and can The flowers are kept in full bloom as much as possible, the use is convenient, the cost is low and the effect is reliable.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，其特征在于含有重量百分含量的以下物质：3-15%的中草药浸提物，0.5-5%的增效剂，80-96%的水； The flower fresh-keeping agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract is characterized in that it contains the following substances in weight percentage: 3-15% of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 0.5-5% of synergist, 80-96% of water;
所述的增效剂为氯化钾、柠檬酸、核黄素、高锰酸钾、阿司匹林中的一种或一种以上混合物； The synergist is one or more mixtures of potassium chloride, citric acid, riboflavin, potassium permanganate, and aspirin;
将重量比0.5-1.5:2-4:0.5-1.5:1-3:0.5-1.5:4-6:1-3的黄连：肉豆蔻：茴香：地龙骨：生姜：川芎：丁香混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入上述比例的水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡5-11h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，即成备用中草药浸提物；向中草药浸提物中加入增效剂，45-65℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 Put the Coptis chinensis: nutmeg: fennel: ground keel: ginger: Chuanxiong: clove mixture with a weight ratio of 0.5-1.5:2-4:0.5-1.5:1-3:0.5-1.5:4-6:1-3 in a grinder Grind it into 80 meshes, add water in the above ratio, place it in a water bath at 100°C and soak for 5-11 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize it at 125°C to prepare the extract of Chinese herbal medicine for use; Add a synergist to the product, and stir continuously at 45-65°C until all the materials are completely dissolved, and the final preservative is obtained.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，其特征在于中草药浸提物的含量为4-12%，优选为5-8%。 The flower fresh-keeping agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract is characterized in that the content of Chinese herbal medicine extract is 4-12%, preferably 5-8%.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，其特征在于增效剂的含量为1-4%，优选2－3%。 The flower fresh-keeping agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract is characterized in that the content of the synergist is 1-4%, preferably 2-3%.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，其特征在于水的含量为84-93%，优选为87--90%。 The flower fresh-keeping agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract is characterized in that the water content is 84-93%, preferably 87--90%.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，其特征在于黄连：肉豆蔻：茴香：地龙骨：生姜：川芎：丁香的重量比为1:3:1:2:1:5:2。 The flower fresh-keeping agent containing Chinese herbal medicine extract is characterized in that the weight ratio of Coptis chinensis: nutmeg: fennel: ground keel: ginger: Chuanxiong: clove is 1:3:1:2:1:5:2.
所述的一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂在制备缓解切花衰老、延长切花寿命、提供花卉营养、护色、增色制剂中的应用。 The application of the fresh-keeping agent for flowers containing Chinese herbal medicine extracts in the preparation of preparations for alleviating the aging of cut flowers, prolonging the life of cut flowers, providing nutrition, color protection and color enhancement of flowers.
上述一种含中草药提取物的花卉保鲜剂，以中草药浸提物为有效成分，能全面满足切花离开母体后所需的多种营养和能量，使它维持较长时间的生理和生化过程，延长瓶插寿命，同时能起到护色、增色效果；其不含有害化学成分，具有较强的抑菌效果，可以尽可能地使鲜花处于盛开状态，使用方便，成本低效果可靠。 The above-mentioned fresh-keeping agent for flowers containing Chinese herbal medicine extract takes Chinese herbal medicine extract as an active ingredient, which can fully meet the various nutrients and energy needed by cut flowers after leaving the mother body, so that it can maintain a long period of physiological and biochemical processes and prolong the life of the cut flower. The longevity of the vase can also protect and enhance the color; it does not contain harmful chemical components, has a strong antibacterial effect, and can keep the flowers in full bloom as much as possible. It is easy to use, low in cost and reliable in effect.
本申请文件中涉及的百分含量除另有说明外，其它的均为纯物质的重量百分含量。 Unless otherwise specified, the percentages involved in the present application documents are all weight percentages of pure substances.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，并结合药效试验进一步说明本发明的有益效果。 The present invention will be further described below through specific examples, and the beneficial effects of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with drug efficacy tests.
实施例1 Example 1
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入93kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡5h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取5.8kg中草药浸提物，加入0.2kg氯化钾、0.2kg柠檬酸、0.2kg核黄素、0.3kg高锰酸钾和0.3kg阿司匹林，60℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove = 1:3:1:2:1:5:2 was crushed into 80 mesh in a grinder, added 93kg of water, placed in Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 5 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize at 125°C to make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 5.8kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 0.2kg of potassium chloride, 0.2kg of citric acid, 0.2 kg riboflavin, 0.3kg potassium permanganate and 0.3kg aspirin, and stir continuously at 60°C until all the substances are completely dissolved to obtain the final preservative.
实施例2 Example 2
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入87.6kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡11h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取9.1kg中草药浸提物，加入1kg核黄素、1kg高锰酸钾和1.3kg阿司匹林，55℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove=1:3:1:2:1:5:2 is crushed into 80 mesh in a pulverizer, and 87.6kg of water is added, and placed Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 11 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize at 125°C to make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 9.1kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 1kg of riboflavin, 1kg of potassium permanganate and 1.3kg of aspirin was stirred continuously at 55°C until all the substances were completely dissolved to obtain the final preservative.
实施例3 Example 3
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入92kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡6h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取6.5kg中草药浸提物，加入0.5kg氯化钾、0.5kg柠檬酸和0.5kg阿司匹林，52℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove = 1:3:1:2:1:5:2 was crushed into 80 mesh in a grinder, added 92kg of water, placed in Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 6 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize at 125°C to make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 6.5kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 0.5kg of potassium chloride, 0.5kg of citric acid and 0.5 kg aspirin, stirring continuously at 52°C until all the substances are completely dissolved, the final preservative is obtained.
实施例4 Example 4
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入91.3kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡7h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取6.9kg中草药浸提物，加入1kg高锰酸钾和0.8kg阿司匹林，48℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove=1:3:1:2:1:5:2 is crushed into 80 meshes in a pulverizer, 91.3kg of water is added, and placed Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 7 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize at 125°C to make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 6.9kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 1kg of potassium permanganate and 0.8kg of aspirin, 48 Stir continuously at ℃ until all the substances are completely dissolved, and the final preservative is obtained.
实施例5 Example 5
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入90.5kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡8h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取7.2kg中草药浸提物，加入0.3kg氯化钾、0.5kg柠檬酸、0.5kg核黄素和1kg高锰酸钾，65℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove=1:3:1:2:1:5:2 is crushed into 80 mesh in a pulverizer, and 90.5kg of water is added, and placed Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 8 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, and sterilize at 125°C to make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 7.2kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 0.3kg of potassium chloride, 0.5kg of citric acid, 0.5kg of riboflavin and 1kg of potassium permanganate were stirred continuously at 65°C until all the substances were completely dissolved to obtain the final preservative.
实施例6 Example 6
将重量比：黄连、肉豆蔻、茴香、地龙骨、生姜、川芎、丁香=1:3:1:2:1:5:2的混合物在粉碎机中粉碎成80目，加入88.5kg水，置于100℃水浴中密封浸泡10h，然后固液分离，收集滤液，125℃下灭菌，制成中草药浸提物；取8.5kg中草药浸提物，加入2kg柠檬酸和1kg核黄素，45℃下不断搅拌，直至所有物质全部溶解，即得最终保鲜剂。 The weight ratio: the mixture of coptis, nutmeg, fennel, ground keel, ginger, chuanxiong, clove=1:3:1:2:1:5:2 is crushed into 80 mesh in a pulverizer, and 88.5kg of water is added, and placed Seal and soak in a water bath at 100°C for 10 hours, then separate the solid from the liquid, collect the filtrate, sterilize at 125°C, and make a Chinese herbal medicine extract; take 8.5kg of the Chinese herbal medicine extract, add 2kg of citric acid and 1kg of riboflavin, 45°C Stir continuously until all the substances are completely dissolved, and the final preservative is obtained.
以下通过试验说明上述保鲜剂的保鲜效果。 The fresh-keeping effect of the above-mentioned preservatives is illustrated by experiments below.
表1表明：实施例1-8对百合、雏菊保鲜，缓解切花衰老均有较好的效果，实施例2优于实施例1，实施例3优于实施例4，实施例5优于实施例6，均显著高于对照组。 Table 1 shows: embodiment 1-8 is fresh-keeping to lily, daisy, all has better effect in alleviating cut flower aging, and embodiment 2 is better than embodiment 1, and embodiment 3 is better than embodiment 4, and embodiment 5 is better than embodiment 6, were significantly higher than the control group.
表1表明：实施例1-6对玫瑰的护色均有显著的效果，空白对照中玫瑰在第三天开始就发生腐烂，在5天就基本已全部枯萎，凋落，失水状况严重。 Table 1 shows that: Examples 1-6 all have significant effects on the color protection of roses, and the roses in the blank control began to rot on the third day, and basically all withered and withered in 5 days, and the dehydration situation was serious.
Claims (6)
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