CN103524208B - The purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the use of a water-insoluble solid micron powder. The application of the water-insoluble solid micron powder includes: firstly, dressing the powder with plant seeds; and secondly, mixing the powder with plant fertilizer as base fertilizer or top dressing. The particle size of the powder is 2.5-50 μm; the powder is selected from sedimentary rock, volcanic rock, metamorphic rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, iron oxide, ferric oxide, pyrite, hematite, magnetite , charcoal, graphite, carbon black, lignite, phosphate rock, zeolite, attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, copper oxide, quartz sand and manganese dioxide. The invention applies the water-insoluble solid micron powder to the process of plant planting and growth, which can promote plant growth, increase yield and improve product quality.

Description

The use of water-insoluble solid micron powder

technical field

The invention relates to the use of a water-insoluble solid micron powder.

Background technique

The application of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture began in the late 1990s. The research involves nano-SiO ₂ , nano-coating materials for fertilizers, and nano-rare earth plant growth regulators. Among them, Wang Lijun discussed how nano-SiO ₂ can protect plants from pathogens and improve plant disease resistance. Indeed, the particle-scale correlation of toxic effects on organisms is a crucial indicator. Through research, scientists know that nanoparticles deposit more in the lungs than larger particles, and also penetrate deeper into lung tissue. An epidemiological study conducted in the United States for more than 20 years showed that, compared with 10 μm, for every 100 μg.m ^-3 increase in 2.5 μm in the air, the mortality rate of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the population increased by 12% to 19%; For every 50μg.m ^-3 increase in 10μm, the number of inpatients increased by 3% to 6%, and for every 50μg.m ^-3 increase in 2.5μm, the inpatients increased by 25%. It can be seen that the particle size has a significant impact on the disease. The test rats stayed in the air containing polytetrafluoroethylene ("Teflon" plastic) particles with a particle size of 20nm for 15 minutes, and most of them died within the next 4 hours, while the other group lived in the air containing particles with a diameter of 120nm The rats in the test were unharmed. Hansen subcutaneously and symmetrically implanted the same type of nanoparticles on both sides of rats, namely TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ , Ni, Co and PVC. Evaluation of 5 different biomaterials at two distinct particle sizes (bulk sample and nanoparticulate material) in direct contact with subcutaneous and muscle tissue for 6 months. Pathological results indicated that these nanoparticles play a role in promoting tumorigenesis and inflammatory response.

It can be seen that although nanomaterials have the functions of improving fertilizer utilization, promoting crop growth, and improving the quality of agricultural products, their toxicity is extremely harmful to the preparation and application operators and animals in the environment, so the preparation and application protection requirements are relatively high. , Moreover, the preparation is difficult and inefficient, and the prospect of agricultural application is severely limited. For this reason, it is imperative to select common, cheap, easy-to-prepare, non-toxic and harmless green micron materials larger than PM2.5 for application in the field of plant growth.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide the use of a water-insoluble solid micron powder.

The present invention provides any of the following applications of the water-insoluble solid micron powder:

1) Promote plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium;

2) Increase plant yield and improve plant quality.

The application is specifically one or two of the following applications:

The first application is to mix the powder with plant seeds for seed dressing;

The second application is to mix the powder with fertilizer and apply it as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer.

Wherein, the particle size of the powder is 2.5-50 μm, specifically 2.94, 3.56, 3.57, 3.68, 4.56, 4.76, 5.34, 5.45, 6.42, 6.54, 6.78, 7.56, 8.12, 8.69, 8.76, 9.58, 10.54, 10.63, 11.20, 14.23, 15.67, 18.97, 39.0, 41.2, 41.6, 42.1, 43.2, 43.5, 43.8, 45.5, 45.6, 45.7, 45.9, 46.5, 46.8, 46.9, 47.9, 48.9, 48.5, 49.8, 2.8, 4-8 2.94-18.97 or 39.0-49.8μm;

The powder is a water-insoluble solid compound or ore containing essential or beneficial elements for crop nutrition;

Specifically, the material constituting the powder is selected from sedimentary rock, volcanic rock, metamorphic rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, iron oxide, ferric oxide, pyrite, hematite, magnetite, biological At least one of carbon, graphite, carbon black, lignite, phosphate rock, zeolite, attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, copper oxide, quartz sand and manganese dioxide.

In the first application, the mass ratio of powder to plant seeds is 0.001-5:100, specifically 0.005-4.85:100;

In said application one, the seed dressing specifically includes the following steps:

Soak the seeds in clean water for 0.5-24 hours, control the water, but keep the seed skin moist, and then mix the powder with the plant seeds evenly according to the proportion, so that the powder is evenly attached to the skin of each seed;

In the second application, the fertilizer is selected from at least one of single element fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer;

The mass ratio of the powder to the fertilizer is 0.01-10:100; specifically, 0.05-4.75:100, 0.1-0.15:100, 0.1-4.75:100 or 0.15-4.75:100;

In the above applications, the plants are selected from at least one of crops, vegetables and flowers.

Specifically, the crops are corn, wheat, peanut or soybean;

Described vegetable is tomato, celery or spinach;

The flowers are narcissus, tulip, gladiolus or cyclamen.

The improvement of plant quality is any one of the following:

1) Increasing at least one of the content of Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein in the edible part of vegetables;

2) Improve at least one of the flower number, flowering rate and actual flower bud number of flowers;

3) Reducing at least one of the acidity and nitrate content of the edible part of the plant.

The invention applies the water-insoluble solid micron powder to the process of planting and growing plants, which can increase yield and improve product quality.

This invention has the following advantages:

1) The raw materials used in the present invention are relatively common, easy to obtain or purchase;

2) Material processing and preparation are relatively simple, labor-saving, energy-saving, low-cost, green and safe;

3) The method of use is relatively simple. In the present invention, only purposes such as seed dressing or seed coating, fertilizer mixing are easy to grasp and implement;

4) The effect of increasing production and improving agricultural products is outstanding;

5) It has established a milestone in the application of micron materials in the field of plants, and has great ecological and economic value.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials can be obtained from open commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 1, the application of water-insoluble solid micron powder in corn seed dressing

Objective: To study the effects of different types of small particle size (greater than but close to 2.5 μm) micron powder and small dose (0.05 g/kg·seed) seed dressing treatment on the growth of maize and the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients in the shoots of plants.

Test crops: corn Zhengdan 958, provided by the Corn Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizer for test: urea produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., with a nitrogen content of 46%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB2440-2001. Superphosphate is produced by Yunnan Jiangchuan Xinghai Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a P ₂ O ₅ content of 14%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB20413-2006; potassium sulfate is produced in Shandong Haihua, with a K ₂ O content of 50%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB20406 -2006.

Method: corn seed dressing, potted soil culture. The venue is located in the greenhouse of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; the time is from May 18, 2010 to June 28, 2010.

Put in pots; sieve the air-dried soil, and use the drying method to measure the water content to 6.78%. In order to ensure 5kg of dry soil, the weight of each pot is 5.36kg of air-dried soil. All fertilization treatment fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer at one time.

Treatment 1 was directly weighed into pots without adding any fertilizer.

Treatments 2 to 24 were treated according to Table 1. The weighed soil and fertilizers (urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate) were poured into large pots in batches, stirred evenly and filled into pots.

Seed dressing: select 24 × 3 = 72 parts of full and uniform seeds, and weigh them separately. After soaking in clean water for 24 hours, control the water and dry in the shade for 2 hours, then mix micron powders of different types and particle sizes with corn seeds according to the ratio as shown in Table 1, so that the micron powders are evenly attached to each corn seed On the epidermis, complete the seed dressing.

Sowing: 1 hole for each pot, 3 cm from the edge of the pot, 4 holes for each pot, 3 seeds for each hole, and 3 cm deep.

The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, repeated three times, with a total of 72 pots. Basin height × basin diameter = 25cm×25cm.

Table 1. Different types of small particle size (greater than but close to 2.5μm) small dose (0.05g/kg·seed) micron powder jade

Rice seed dressing treatment

Note: "g/kg·seed" indicates how many g of micron powder per kg of seed is used for seed dressing.

Management: After a special potting test, it was determined that the optimal watering volume for each pot was 750ml, so after sowing, each pot was filled with 750ml of tap water. Observe the soil moisture in the future, keep the watering consistent, and at the same time, remove the weeds in the pot.

The dry biomass of the aboveground part of the plant and the measurement of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: the plants harvested close to the ground were washed 3 times with tap water, and then rinsed 1 time with deionized water. Blot the surface water with absorbent paper, then dry in an oven at 85°C, and weigh the dry weight with a percent balance. Then pulverize and pass through a 0.5mm sieve. The determination of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of plants adopts the method in Bao Shidan's "Soil Agrochemical Analysis".

Data analysis: SPSS statistical analysis software was used.

result

1. Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the aboveground dry biomass of maize

The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Results of variance analysis of three repetitions and average dry biomass of different treatments

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 2 that all seed-dressing treatments significantly increased the dry biomass compared with the simple fertilization treatment 2. It shows that different kinds of micron powder with a particle size of 2.5 μm to 20 μm can play a significant biological effect in small dose seed dressing. It can also be seen from Table 1 that the same weight of mica micron powder seed dressing has the best yield-increasing effect.

2. Effects of different corn seed dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of corn plants

Table 3 The total amount of N, P, and K absorbed by the shoots of maize plants in different treatments

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 3 that the amount of nitrogen and potassium uptake by corn plants increased significantly compared with the control (treatment 2) when different types of micron powders with a scale of 2.5 μm to 20 μm were seed-dressed in small doses.

Embodiment 2, the application of water-insoluble solid micron powder in corn seed dressing

Objective: To study the effects of different types of small particle size (greater than but close to 2.5 μm) micron powder high dose (48.5g/kg·seed) seed dressing treatment on the growth of maize and the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients in the shoots of plants.

Test crops: corn Zhengdan 958, provided by the Corn Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizers to be tested: urea is produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., with a nitrogen content of 46%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB2440-2001; superphosphate is produced by Yunnan Jiangchuan Xinghai Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a P ₂ O ₅ content of 14% , the implementation of the national standard: GB20413-2006; Potassium sulfate is produced in Shandong Haihua, the K ₂ O content is 50%, the implementation of the national standard: GB20406-2006.

Method: corn seed dressing and potted soil culture. The venue is located in the greenhouse of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; the time is from May 18, 2010 to June 28, 2010.

Put in pots; sieve the air-dried soil, and determine the water content by drying method to be 6.78%. In order to ensure 5kg of dry soil, the weight of each pot is 5.36kg of air-dried soil. All fertilization treatment fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer at one time.

Treatment 1 was directly weighed into pots without adding any fertilizer.

Treatments 2 to 24 respectively pour the weighed soil and fertilizers (urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate) into large pots according to the treatment, stir and mix well, and put them into pots.

Seed dressing: select 24 × 3 = 72 parts of full and uniform seeds, and weigh them separately. After soaking in clean water for 24 hours, control the water and dry in the shade for 2 hours, then mix micron powders of different types and particle sizes with corn seeds according to the ratio as shown in Table 4, so that the micron powders are evenly attached to each corn seed On the epidermis, complete the seed dressing.

Sowing: 1 hole for each pot, 3 cm from the edge of the pot, 4 holes for each pot, 3 seeds for each hole, and 3 cm deep.

The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, repeated three times, with a total of 72 pots. Basin height × basin diameter = 25cm×25cm.

Table 4. Different kinds of small particle size (greater than but close to 2.5μm) micron powder high dose (48.5g/kg·seed) corn seed dressing treatment

Note: "g/kg·seed" indicates the number of grams of micron powder per kilogram of seeds for seed dressing.

Management: After a special potting test, it was determined that the optimal watering volume for each pot was 750ml, so after sowing, each pot was filled with 750ml of tap water. In the future, observe the soil moisture and keep it consistent with the water. At the same time, remove the weeds in the pot.

Measurement of the dry biomass of the aboveground part of the plant and the measurement of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: the plants harvested close to the ground were washed 3 times with tap water, and then rinsed 1 time with deionized water. Blot the surface water with absorbent paper, then dry in an oven at 85°C, and weigh the dry weight with a percent balance. Then pulverize and pass through a 0.5mm sieve. The determination of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of plants adopts the method in Bao Shidan's "Soil Agrochemical Analysis".

Data analysis: SPSS statistical analysis software was used.

result

1. Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the aboveground dry biomass of maize

Table 5. Results of variance analysis of three repetitions and average dry biomass of different treatments

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 5 that all seed dressing treatments significantly increased the dry biomass compared with the simple fertilization treatment 2. It shows that large doses of different kinds of micron powders with a scale larger than close to 2.5 μm have significant biological effects, and high doses of micron powders have good biological growth-promoting effects.

2. Effects of different corn seed dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of corn plants

Table 6 Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of maize plants

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 6 that the amount of nitrogen and potassium uptake by maize plants increased significantly compared with the control (treatment 2), but the total amount of phosphorus uptake was not increased when different types of small-dose micron powders smaller than 20 μm were seed-dressed.

Embodiment 3, the application of water-insoluble solid micron powder in corn seed dressing

Objective: To study the effects of different types of large particle size (less than but close to 50 μm) and small doses (0.05 g/kg·seed) of micron materials on the growth of maize and the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients in the shoots of plants.

Test crops: corn Zhengdan 958, provided by the Corn Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizer for test: urea produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., with a nitrogen content of 46%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB2440-2001. Superphosphate is produced by Yunnan Jiangchuan Xinghai Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a P ₂ O ₅ content of 14%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB20413-2006; potassium sulfate is produced in Shandong Haihua, with a K ₂ O content of 50%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB20406 -2006.

Method: corn seed dressing and potted soil culture. The venue is located in the greenhouse of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; the time is from August 18, 2010 to September 28, 2010.

Put in pots; sieve the air-dried soil, and determine the water content by drying method to be 6.78%. In order to ensure 5kg of dry soil, the weight of each pot is 5.36kg of air-dried soil. All fertilization treatment fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer at one time.

Treatment 1 was directly weighed into pots without adding any fertilizer.

For treatments 2 to 24, pour the weighed soil and fertilizer into large pots according to the treatments, stir and mix well, and put them into pots.

Seed dressing: select 24 × 3 = 72 parts of full and uniform seeds, and weigh them separately. Soak in clean water for 24 hours, control the water, and dry in the shade for 2 hours, and then mix micron powders of different types and particle sizes with corn seeds according to the ratio as shown in Table 7, so that the micron powders are evenly attached to the surface of each corn seed. On the skin, finish the seed dressing.

Sowing: 1 hole for each pot, 3 cm from the edge of the pot, 4 holes for each pot, 3 seeds for each hole, and 3 cm deep.

The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, repeated three times, with a total of 72 pots. Basin height × basin diameter = 25cm×25cm.

Table 7. Different kinds of large particle size (less than but close to 50μm) micron material small dose (0.05g/kg·seed) corn seed dressing treatment

Note: "g/kg·seed" indicates the number of grams of micron powder per kilogram of seeds for seed dressing.

Management: After a special potting test, it was determined that the optimal watering volume for each pot was 750ml, so after sowing, each pot was filled with 750ml of tap water. In the future, observe the soil moisture and keep it consistent with the water. At the same time, remove the weeds in the pot.

Measurement of the dry biomass of the aboveground part of the plant and the measurement of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: the plants harvested close to the ground were washed 3 times with tap water, and then rinsed 1 time with deionized water. Blot the surface water with absorbent paper, then dry in an oven at 85°C, and weigh the dry weight with a percent scale. Then pulverize and pass through a 0.5mm sieve. The determination of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of plants adopts the method in Bao Shidan's "Soil Agrochemical Analysis".

Data analysis: SPSS statistical analysis software was used.

result

1. Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the aboveground dry biomass of maize

Table 8. Results of variance analysis of three repetitions and average dry biomass of different treatments

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 8 that all seed dressing treatments significantly increased the dry biomass compared with the simple fertilization treatment 2. It shows that different types of micron powders smaller than close to 50 μm have significant biological effects, indicating that the bio-growth promoting effect of large particle size micron powder materials is also good.

2. Effects of different corn seed dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of corn plants

Table 9 Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of maize plants

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 9 that the amount of nitrogen and potassium uptake by maize plants increased significantly compared with the control (treatment 2), but the total amount of phosphorus uptake was not increased when different kinds of micron materials with a scale of less than 20 μm were seed-dressed in small doses. The specific reason needs to be further studied in the future.

Embodiment 4, the application of water-insoluble solid micron powder in corn seed dressing

Objective: To study the effects of different types of large particle size (less than but close to 50 μm) and high dosage (48.5g/kg·seed) of micron materials on the growth of maize and the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients in the shoots of plants.

Test crops: corn Zhengdan 958, provided by the Corn Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizer for test: urea is produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., and the national standard is implemented: GB2440-2001, with a nitrogen content of 46%. Superphosphate is produced by Yunnan Jiangchuan Xinghai Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a P ₂ O ₅ content of 14%, and the implementation of the national standard: GB20413-2006; potassium sulfate is produced in Shandong Haihua, with a K ₂ O content of 50%, and a K ₂ O content of 50%. 50%, the implementation of the national standard: GB20406-2006.

Method: corn seed dressing and potted soil culture. The venue is located in the greenhouse of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; the time is from August 18, 2010 to September 28, 2010.

The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, repeated three times, with a total of 72 pots. Basin height × basin diameter = 25cm×25cm.

Put in pots; sieve the air-dried soil, and determine the water content by drying method to be 6.78%. In order to ensure 5kg of dry soil, the weight of each pot is 5.36kg of air-dried soil. All fertilization treatment fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer at one time.

Treatment 1 was directly weighed into pots without adding any fertilizer.

For treatments 2 to 24, pour the weighed soil and fertilizer into large pots according to the treatments, stir and mix well, and put them into pots.

Seed dressing: select 24 × 3 = 72 parts of full and uniform seeds, and weigh them separately. Soak in clean water for 24 hours, control the water, and dry in the shade for 2 hours, and then mix micron powders of different types and particle sizes with corn seeds according to the ratio as shown in Table 10, so that the micron powders are evenly attached to the surface of each corn seed. On the skin, finish the seed dressing.

Sowing: 1 hole for each pot, 3 cm from the edge of the pot, 4 holes for each pot, 3 seeds for each hole, and 3 cm deep.

Table 10. Different kinds of large particle size (less than but close to 50 μm) micron material high dose (48.5g/kg·seed) corn seed dressing treatment scheme

Note: "g/kg·seed" indicates the number of grams of micron powder per kilogram of seeds for seed dressing.

Management: After a special potting test, it was determined that the optimal watering volume for each pot was 750ml, so after sowing, each pot was filled with 750ml of tap water. In the future, observe the soil moisture and keep it consistent with the water. At the same time, remove the weeds in the pot.

Measurement of the dry biomass of the aboveground part of the plant and the measurement of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: the plants harvested close to the ground were washed 3 times with tap water, and then rinsed 1 time with deionized water. Blot the surface water with absorbent paper, then dry in an oven at 85°C, and weigh the dry weight with a percent scale. Then pulverize and pass through a 0.5mm sieve. The determination of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of plants adopts the method in Bao Shidan's "Soil Agrochemical Analysis".

Data analysis: SPSS statistical analysis software was used.

result

1. Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the aboveground dry biomass of maize

Table 11. Analysis of variance of three repetitions and average dry biomass of different treatments

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 11 that all seed dressing treatments significantly increased the dry biomass compared with the simple fertilization treatment 2. It shows that high-dose seed dressing of different types of micron powders with a size of less than close to 50 μm has a significant biological effect, and it also shows that large particle size and high-dose micron materials have good biological growth-promoting effects.

2. Effects of different corn seed dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of corn plants

Table 12 Effects of different seed-dressing treatments on the total absorption of N, P, and K in the shoots of maize plants

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 12 that the amount of nitrogen and potassium uptake by maize plants increased significantly compared with the control (treatment 2), but the total amount of phosphorus uptake was not increased by dressing seeds with different types of micron materials in small doses.

Embodiment 5, the influence of water-insoluble solid micron powder mixing base fertilizer and topdressing on tomato output and quality

Objective: To study the effects of different types of micron powders and different doses of fertilizer on the yield and quality of tomatoes.

Test crops: tomato, Monte Carlo, purchased from Vegetable Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Method: fertilizer mixing, greenhouse cultivation. The location is located in the American-style greenhouse in Hancunhe Agricultural Plantation Park, Fangshan District, Beijing. Time from October 15, 2010 to June 25, 2011.

Fertilizer to be tested: the effective nutrient content of the compound fertilizer used is NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O of 15-15-15, produced by Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., serial number: Chuannong (2005) Zhunzi No. 0517. The organic fertilizer is produced by Beijing Yite Organic Fertilizer Factory, No.: NY525-2012.

Fertilizer mixing: Mix the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with different types and different doses of micron powder materials according to the treatment methods in Table 13, and stir evenly.

Among them, the mixture of organic fertilizer and micron powder is all applied as base fertilizer;

The mixture of compound fertilizer and micron powder is equally divided into 4 parts, each part is 300kg/hm ² ; one part is used as base fertilizer, and the other three parts are respectively applied in flowering and fruit setting stage, mid-growth stage and 20 days before harvest. Ditching, topdressing, soil covering, and watering were performed when entering.

Planting: Select the seedlings evenly, and transplant them into 1.4m×7m plots.

The experiment was repeated three times, with a total of 72 plots.

Table 13. Different types of micron materials and different doses of fertilizer treatment

Note: "g/kg·seed" indicates the number of grams of micron powder per kilogram of seeds for seed dressing.

Management: All watering, pruning, hanging peas, and deworming are in accordance with the management habits of the park.

Tomato collection, sample preparation and measurement: 250 grams of tomatoes were evenly picked from the top, middle and bottom of the plants in each plot, washed with deionized water and tested. Vc was determined by 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration, soluble sugar by anthrone method, acidity by GB/T10467-1989 standard, nitrate by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

result:

See Table 14.

Table 14. Effects of different treatments on tomato yield and quality

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 14 that the yield, Vc and soluble sugar content of all the fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those of the control (treatment 2). However, the acidity and nitrate content of fruit decreased significantly. It indicated that the mixed fertilizer treatment not only increased the tomato yield, but also significantly improved the fruit quality.

Embodiment 6, the influence of water-insoluble solid micron powder mixing base fertilizer and topdressing on celery yield and quality

Objective: To study the effects of different kinds of micron materials and different doses of fertilizer on the yield and quality of celery.

Test crops: Variety: Benqin, purchased from Vegetable Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizer for test: The compound fertilizer used has an effective nutrient content of NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O of 15-15-15, produced by Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., number: Chuannong (2005) Zhunzi No. 0517; urea is produced Produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., with a nitrogen content of 46%, the implementation of the national standard: GB2440-2001; the organic fertilizer is produced by Beijing Yite Organic Fertilizer Factory, number: NY525-2012.

Method: This study adopts greenhouse cultivation, and the location is located in Hancunhe Agricultural Plantation Park, Fangshan District, Beijing. Time from September 11, 2010 to February 1, 2011.

Fertilizer mixing: mix organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with micron powders of different types and doses according to Table 15 according to the treatment, mix evenly and apply all of them as base fertilizer;

In addition, urea is used as a contrast: 600 kg of urea is evenly divided into 4 parts, and each part of 150 kg is mixed evenly with the powder according to different types and different mixing ratios in Table 15. During the planting period, 40 days, 60 days, and 80 days after planting, shallow trenches were opened, topdressing, soil covering, and watering were added.

Planting: Select the seedlings evenly, and transplant them into 1m×7m plots. Row spacing×plant spacing=20cm×20cm.

Three repetitions were set up, with a total of 72 plots.

Table 15. Different types of micron materials and different doses of fertilizer treatment schemes

Management: All are in accordance with the management habits of the park.

Celery collection and determination: Take 10 plants randomly and evenly in each plot, remove the root system, wash and dry them with tap water, weigh them with a percent scale, and record the yield (fresh weight above ground). Random sampling was used to test the following quality items: Vc was determined by 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol titration method, soluble sugar was determined by anthrone method, soluble protein was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method, nitrate was determined by nitrosalicylic acid UV spectrophotometry .

Results: See Table 16.

Table 16. Effects of different treatments on celery yield and quality

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05.

It can be seen from Table 16 that the celery yield, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein content of all fertilizer mixed treatments were significantly higher than those of the control (treatment 2). The nitrate content decreased significantly. It showed that the fertilizer treatment not only increased the yield of celery, but also significantly improved the fruit quality.

Embodiment 7, the impact of water-insoluble solid micron powder mixing base fertilizer on spinach yield and quality

Objective: To study the effects of different types of micron materials and different doses of fertilizer on the yield and quality of spinach.

Test crops: Variety: Qingfeng No. 1, purchased from Vegetable Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Fertilizer for test: the effective nutrient content of the compound fertilizer used is NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O 15-15-15, produced by Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., serial number: Chuannong (2005) Zhunzi No. 0517; organic fertilizer produced From Beijing Yite Organic Fertilizer Factory, serial number: NY525-2012.

Method: This study adopts bare land cultivation, and the site is located in the open space between the greenhouses of Hancunhe Agricultural Plantation Park, Fangshan District, Beijing. Time from March 1, 2010 to April 15, 2010.

Fertilizer: Due to the short growth period of spinach, the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are mixed with micron powders of different types and doses according to Table 17 according to the treatment, stir evenly, and apply all of them as base fertilizer.

Sowing: Sowing is adopted, and the area of the plot is 1m×5m=5m ² . The broadcast volume is 1.5g/cell.

The experiment was repeated three times, with a random block group, and a total of 72 plots.

Table 17. Different types of micron materials and different doses of fertilizer treatment schemes

Management: All are in accordance with the local management practices of the park.

Spinach collection, sample preparation and measurement: randomly take 0.09m ² in each plot, remove the root system, wash and dry with tap water, and weigh the fresh weight with a percent scale, which is the yield. Random sampling was used to measure the following quality items: Vc was determined by 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol titration method, soluble sugar was determined by anthrone method; soluble protein was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method, and nitrate content was determined by nitrosalicylic acid ultraviolet spectrometry Photometry.

Results: See Table 18.

Table 18. Effects of different treatments on yield and quality of spinach

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments, P<0.05; FW indicates fresh weight.

It can be seen from Table 18 that the spinach yield of most of the manure-mixing treatments was significantly higher than that of only manure-mixing treatments, and the contents of Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein were significantly higher than those of the control (treatment 2). The nitrate content decreased significantly. It indicated that the fertilizer treatment not only increased the yield of spinach, but also significantly improved the fruit quality.

Embodiment 8, the impact of water-insoluble solid micron powder mixing base fertilizer and topdressing on the output of 4 kinds of crops

Objective: To increase the yield of large-scale crops by using mixed powder fertilizer as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.

Test crops: wheat (variety: Beijing 841), corn (variety: Zhengdan 958), peanut (variety: Luhua No. 1), soybean (variety: Zhongzuo 982), all purchased from the Institute of Crops, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.

Test powder: 24 kinds of solid compounds are uniformly mixed by weight and airflow crushed to obtain micron powders with three particle sizes, large, medium and small, as the test powder material (see Table 20).

Fertilizer for test: compound fertilizer produced by Shunyi Ford Lai Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd., the effective nutrient content of fertilizer NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 8-14-8; serial number: Jingnongfei (2011) Zhun 1444; urea is produced in Hubei Produced by Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd., the nitrogen content is 46%, and the national standard is implemented: GB2440-2001.

Fertilization method: The location is located in Xiaofengying, Yanqing County, Beijing. The demonstration area of each crop and the control are 0.067 hectares.

Fertilize after compound fertilizer and urea are mixed with micron powder according to the ratio in Table 20.

Among them, the mixture composed of compound fertilizer and micron powder is used as the base fertilizer, which is evenly spread on the field, and then sowed after rotary tillage, leveling and furrowing.

The mixture composed of urea and micron powder is used as top dressing, and the specific method of top dressing is as follows:

Wheat and soybean topdressing were sprinkled in stripes in the middle of the shallow ditch during the greening stage and the beginning of flowering stage, and then covered with soil and watered;

The topdressing of corn and peanuts is respectively in the big trumpet mouth stage and the flowering stage. The fertilizer is placed in the pit 15cm away from the corn and peanuts, and then covered and watered.

The amount of fertilizer applied for each crop is shown in Table 19.

Table 19. Ratio of customary basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer for different crops

Handling and Yield

See Table 20 for the treatments and the yields and yield-increasing effects of the four crops.

Table 20. Large, medium and small three kinds of mixed micron particle size powder fertilization treatment of 4 kinds of crops and the effect of large-scale demonstration on increasing yield

It can be seen from Table 20 that different distributions of three kinds of micron powder materials, large, medium and small, are mixed with fertilizer and have different effects on the yield of different crops. The increase in corn production was relatively large, reaching 36.7%; the increase in peanut production was relatively small, at a minimum of 9.9%. It can be seen that micron powder materials have shown good prospects for popularization and application.

Embodiment 9, the application of water-insoluble solid micron powder mixing base fertilizer and top dressing in flowers

Objective: To mix 24 kinds of solid compounds uniformly by weight to make micron powder materials with three particle sizes of large, medium and small, and to mix base fertilizer and top dressing according to the fertilization habits of florists, and to study the effect of large-scale application of micron powder materials on flower quality. influential impact.

Test crops: narcissus, tulip, gladiolus, cyclamen, narcissus seedlings were produced in Zhangzhou, Fujian, and other seedlings were produced by local farmers.

Powder: 24 kinds of solid compounds are uniformly mixed and crushed by weight into micron powders with three particle sizes, large, medium and small, as the powder material for testing.

Fertilizer for test: organic fertilizer produced by Beijing Yite Organic Fertilizer Factory, number: NY525-2012. The compound fertilizer is produced by Shunyi Fulai Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd., the effective nutrient content NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 8-14-8, and the serial number is Jingnongfei (2011) Zhun 1444; the urea is produced by Hubei Yihua Chemical Co., Ltd. The nitrogen content is 46%, the implementation of the national standard: GB2440-2001; the potassium nitrate is produced in Chile, the NK ₂ O content is 13.5-45, the implementation of the national standard: GB/T20784-2006; the potassium sulfate is produced in Shandong Haihua, K ₂ O The content is 50%, and the national standard is implemented: GB20406-2006.

Fertilization method: It is carried out in the greenhouse of Dazhang Village, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province. The demonstration area of each flower is a greenhouse with an area of 0.054 hectares.

Mix organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and micron powder as base fertilizer;

Mix urea, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and micron powder as top dressing;

In the above-mentioned base fertilizer and top dressing, the particle size of the micron powder is shown in Table 21, and the dosage ratio of the micron powder and fertilizer is shown in Table 21;

The dosage ratio of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in base fertilizer is shown in Table 22; the dosage ratio of urea, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate in topdressing fertilizer is shown in Table 22;

The fertilization period of above-mentioned topdressing is shown in Table 23.

Table 21. The particle size of the micron powder and the ratio of fertilizer to fertilizer

Table 22. Types and amounts of different flower base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers

Table 23. Fertilization period of different flowers

The control treatment accounts for one-third of the greenhouse area, which is 0.018 hectares, and the other is 0.036 hectares with fertilizer.

Determination of indicators:

(1) On April 20th, the narcissus balls that had grown for one year were planted according to the treatments of no fertilizer (control) and powder fertilizer with different particle sizes. During the growth period, powder fertilizer was mixed. Fertilize, cover and water. After harvesting on November 1, 50 bulbs were randomly selected for each treatment, soaked in flower pots with a certain water depth, and the number of blooms was recorded, and finally the total number of blooms of 50 plants was accumulated. Flowering increase compared to the control (%) = (the number of flower taros treated with different fertilizers - the number of flower taros in the control treatment) × 100 ÷ the number of flower taros in the control treatment;

(2) On August 20th, the tulips were planted with no fertilizer (control) and powder fertilizer with different particle sizes. During the growth period, powder fertilizer was mixed. The process of topdressing includes: ditching, spreading fertilizer, covering soil and watering. After the harvest on November 20, the balls and small balls were selected separately. The balls can be cultivated and flowered in spring, and the small balls can be cultivated in the second year. Compared with the control, the number of balls increased (%) = (the number of balls in different fertilizer mixing treatments - the number of balls in the control treatment) × 100 ÷ the number of flower balls in the control treatment;

(3) Gladiolus On March 25, gladiolus was planted into balls without fertilizer (control) and powder with different particle sizes mixed with fertilizer. Top dressing powder fertilizer during the growth period, the top dressing process includes: ditching, spreading fertilizer, covering soil and watering. 100 plants were randomly selected as test samples for each treatment, and the scapes were harvested after the first flower bud bloomed on the scapes. Press the flower buds by hand, count the number of real flower buds, and finally accumulate the number of flower buds on all 100 scapes, and calculate the number of real flower buds increased compared with the control (%) = (the number of real flower buds of different fertilizer mixing treatments - the number of real flower buds of the control treatment) × 100 ÷The number of real flower buds of the contrast treatment;

(4) On March 15th, cyclamen was cultivated by treating the germinated seeds with no fertilizer (control) and powder with different particle sizes mixed with fertilizer. Top dressing powder fertilizer during the growth period, the top dressing process includes: ditching, spreading fertilizer, covering soil and watering. Starting from the first flower on January 20, 50 plants were randomly selected for each treatment, and the number of flowers was selected until May 2, when the flowering ended. Compared with the control flower increase (%) = (the number of flowers in different fertilizer treatments - the number of flowers in the control treatment) × 100 ÷ the number of flowers in the control treatment.

Table 23. Effects of different flower sizes, large, medium and small, on flower quality

It can be seen from Table 23 that different distributions of large, medium and small three kinds of micron powder materials mixed with fertilizer can affect the quality of different flowers. It can be seen that the micron powder material has a good application prospect in flowers.

Claims (6)

1. the application of non-water-soluble solid micro-powder, is characterized in that: described in be applied as described powder to mix with plant seed and carry out dressing seed or described powder and fertilizer being puddled as base manure or the application of using of topdressing;

Described application can promote plant to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium, improves plant biomass and improve plant quality;

The particle diameter of described powder is 2.5-50 μm;

The material forming described powder is selected from least one in sedimentogeneous rock, volcanics, metamorphosed rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesiumcarbonate, ferric oxide, Z 250, pyrite, rhombohedral iron ore, magnetite, biological carbon, graphite, carbon black, brown coal, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), zeolite, Attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, quartz sand and Manganse Dioxide;

Describedly mixed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed with plant seed, the mass ratio of powder and plant seed is 0.001-5:100;

Describedly mixed with plant seed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed, seed dressing comprises the steps:

Clear water soaks seed controlled water after 0.5-24 hour, but kept seed coat moist, was then mixed with the seed of plant by powder by proportioning, made described powder evenly be attached to the epidermis of every seed;

Describedly described powder and fertilizer are puddled as in the application that base manure or topdress is used, fertilizer is selected from least one in single element fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, bacterial manure and water soluble fertilizer;

The mass ratio of described powder and fertilizer is 0.01-10:100.

2. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly mixed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed with plant seed, and the mass ratio of powder and plant seed is 0.005-4.85:100.

3. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly described powder and fertilizer are puddled as in the application that base manure or topdress is used, and the mass ratio of described powder and fertilizer is 0.05-4.75:100.

4. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plant is selected from least one in farm crop, vegetables and flowers.

5. application according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described farm crop are corn, wheat, peanut or soybean;

Described vegetables are tomato, celery or spinach;

Described flowers are narcissus, turmeric, gladiolus or Cyclamen persicum.

6., according to the arbitrary described application of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the described plant quality that improves is:

1) at least one in Vc, soluble sugar and the soluble protein content in vegetables edible portion is improved;

2) at least one in the colored taro number of flowers, flowering rate and real petal number is improved;

3) at least one in the acidity of plant edible portion and nitrate content is reduced.