CN104813818A - A kind of five-finger peach seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and relates to a method for growing seedlings of hispid fig, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing sieved surface soil, turf and decomposed dry sheep manure to serve as a cultivation matrix, then mixing disinfected hispid fig seeds with the cultivation matrix, uniformly scattering the mixture on a seedbed paved with the cultivation matrix, sprinkling water, covering a shadow net for moisture preservation, transplanting the seeds after sprouting into a seedling growing tray filled with the cultivation matrix, and transplanting the seeds to a field when the height of the seeds is 10-15 cm. According to the method, the surface soil, the grass peat and the decomposed dry sheep manure are scientifically matched, the obtained culture medium effectively improves the germination rate of seeds, and meanwhile, no fertilizer is applied or foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the whole seedling raising period, so that the fertilizing times in the seedling raising period are reduced, the seedling raising cost is reduced, and a technical support is provided for the standardized and large-scale production of the hispid fig seed seedlings.

Description

A kind of five-finger peach seedling raising method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and relates to a seedling raising method, in particular to a five-finger peach seedling raising method.

Background technique

Five-finger hair peach (Radix fici), commonly known as milk wood, earth astragalus, nanqi, five-clawed dragon, dragon leaf, nine dragon root, etc., is widely distributed in tropical rainforests, rubber forests and other artificial forests. It is a moraceae plant Ficus hirtaVah. 1) The dried root is a kind of ethnic medicine. There are medicinal records in many ethnic groups such as Guangxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan. It is a traditional herbal medicine in the south of the Five Ridges with a long history. Five-finger hair peach has the effects of invigorating the spleen and dampness, benefiting the lungs and relieving cough, and relaxing tendons and collaterals. It is often used for spleen deficiency and edema, lack of food and weakness, hepatitis, rheumatic arthralgia, and lung cough. With the deepening of research on the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and other aspects of Wuzhi Maotao, it has been confirmed that psoralen is one of the main active ingredients of Wuzhi Maotao, which has antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulant, tumor inhibiting, immune regulation, etc. It also has bergamot lactone, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, octadecanoic acid and other components. These components can produce aroma after being decocted in water, and are loved by consumers. At present, the products that have been developed mainly include health drinks and capsules. It can also be used for wine making, soup making, tea drinking, etc. It is one of the resources with the same origin of medicine and food and great development potential, and has a great market prospect.

Because the seeds of the five-finger peach are extremely small, the thousand-grain weight is only 0.42 grams, often due to insufficient seed nutrients, it is easy to cause problems such as low germination rate, slow seedling growth, long nursery cultivation period, and high seedling cost. Patent 200410051711.8 discloses a planting method for the standardized industrialized seed propagation of the five-finger peach: germination is carried out in a temperature-controlled seeding room, the seeds are mixed with young sand at a volume ratio of 1:3 and mixed with an appropriate amount of plant ash and sown on the seedbed, as the second seedling When the true leaves are formed, remove the dense seedlings and keep the seedlings with a space of 2 to 3 cm ² ; and apply human excrement, urea or plant ash that is decomposed, diluted and slag-removed; when the seedlings grow 3 to 4 cotyledons, Spray foliage fertilizer; when the seedlings in the temperature-controlled seeding room grow to 10-15cm high, select strong seedlings and move them into plastic seedling cups filled with humus-rich forest topsoil, burned soil and crushed loess sifted mixed soil; Water by spraying, once every day before 10:00 am and after 4:00 pm; spray 1-2 times with human urine or urea when the seedlings grow new leaves, or spray with 1.8% Aiduoshou and Yemianbao for three weeks Once; when the seedlings grow to 20-35cm, they are removed from the nursery and moved to the field for planting. Although this method solves the contradiction between the lack of wild natural reproduction resources and the increasing market demand of Wuzhi Maotao, and overcomes the problems of species degradation and inability to produce large-scale industrial production due to cutting propagation, the requirements for seedling cultivation are relatively high, and the management of seedlings is very difficult. Comparingly loaded down with trivial details, fertilization frequency is many and loaded down with trivial details, labor-consuming and time-consuming, is unfavorable for reducing seedling raising cost and market promotion.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for raising seedlings of Prunus chinensis, utilize the cultivation substrate of scientific compatibility to effectively improve seed germination rate, need not fertilize or spray foliage fertilizer during the whole seedling raising period, reduce the times of fertilization in the seedling raising period, reduce Reduce the cost of seedling cultivation, and provide technical support for the standardized and large-scale production of peach seedlings.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention:

A kind of method for growing peach seedlings, the steps are as follows:

1. Production of cultivation substrate: put the sieved topsoil, peat, and decomposed dry sheep manure in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and then press topsoil: peat: decomposed dry sheep manure = 2～3:1～2:5～7 The volume ratio is mixed evenly and set aside.

2. Sowing: Soak the fresh peach seeds with 0.5-1% carbendazim, dry them, and set aside; mix the cultivation medium and seeds in a volume ratio of 1:80-120, stir well, and then Sow evenly on the seedbed covered with cultivation medium. Finally, sprinkle water with a watering can until the soil is moist, cover with a shade net to keep moisture, and remove the shade net after the seeds germinate.

The sowing process is to spread the sterilized seeds evenly on the seedbed covered with the cultivation substrate, and then spread a layer of cultivation substrate on the seeds, preferably just barely visible, with a thickness not exceeding 5mm.

3. Seedling management and transplantation: 40 to 50 days after sowing, transplant the seedlings into a seedling tray with a cultivation substrate, and pour enough water for rooting; after that, when the surface of the substrate turns white, water once; wait for the seeds to When the seedling height is 10-15cm, it can be transplanted to the field.

In the present invention, surface soil, peat and decomposed dried sheep manure are scientifically compatible, and the obtained cultivation substrate can effectively increase the germination rate of seeds, and at the same time, no fertilization or spraying of foliage fertilizer is required during the entire seedling raising period, which reduces the number of times of fertilization during the seedling raising period, reduces the Reduce the cost of seedling cultivation, and provide technical support for the standardized and large-scale production of peach seedlings.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with the examples, the specific implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods that do not indicate specific conditions in the following examples are generally in accordance with conventional conditions, or in accordance with the conditions suggested by the manufacturer.

Embodiment one

1. Place the sieved topsoil, peat, and decomposed dried sheep manure in the sun for 2 days, and then mix them evenly according to the volume ratio of topsoil: peat: sheep manure = 2:1:7, and prepare a cultivation substrate, which is marked as PF1.

2. Get the seeds of fine leaves and small fruits of Peach chinensis (collected from the natural rubber protective cultivation test base of the Rubber Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences), soak the seeds in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 1 hour, and dry them for later use.

3. Mix the cultivation medium and seeds evenly at a volume ratio of 1:100, and then evenly spread it on the seedbed covered with the cultivation medium; then, spray water until the substrate is moist, and cover with a shade net to keep it moist. Each treatment sowed 100 seeds, repeated 4 times, observed the seed germination rate 22 days after sowing, and counted the average data. The results are shown in Table 1.

4. After 45 days of sowing, use a seedling digger to carefully transplant the seedlings into a seedling tray equipped with a cultivation medium, plant 1 plant in each hole, and pour enough water for rooting. Transplanted and planted 3 plugs, a total of 63 plants. Water once when the surface of the substrate turns white. 76 days after the seedlings were transplanted into the plug tray, observe the plant height, leaf number, leaf area and chlorophyll SPAD value, wherein the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value, the same below) is measured with SPAD502, and a total of 30 plants are measured, and the statistical average data are shown in the table. 2. Pull out the seedlings, measure the dry weight of the aboveground part of a single plant, the dry weight of a single root and the root-to-shoot ratio, and calculate the average data. The results are shown in Table 3.

Embodiment two

1. Place the sieved topsoil, peat, and decomposed dried sheep manure in the sun for 1 day, and then mix them evenly according to the volume ratio of topsoil: peat: sheep manure = 3:2:5, and prepare it as a cultivation substrate, marked as PF2 .

2. Get the seeds of fine leaves and small fruits of Peach chinensis (collected from the Natural Rubber Protective Cultivation Experiment Base of Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences), soak the seeds in 0.8% carbendazim solution for 1 hour, and dry them for later use.

3. Sow the sterilized seeds directly and evenly on the seedbed covered with the cultivation substrate, and then spread a layer of cultivation substrate on the seeds. It is better that the seeds are just invisible, and the thickness does not exceed 5mm. Each treatment sowed 100 seeds, repeated 4 times, observed the seed germination rate 22 days after sowing, and counted the average data. The results are shown in Table 1.

4. After 45 days of sowing, use a seedling digger to carefully transplant the seedlings into a seedling tray equipped with a cultivation medium, plant 1 plant in each hole, and pour enough water for rooting. Transplanted and planted 3 plugs, a total of 63 plants. Water once when the surface of the substrate turns white. 76 days after the seedlings were transplanted into the plug tray, observe the plant height, leaf number, leaf area and chlorophyll SPAD value, wherein the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value, the same below) is measured with SPAD502, and a total of 30 plants are measured, and the statistical average data are shown in the table. 2. Pull out the seedlings, measure the dry weight of the aboveground part of a single plant, the dry weight of a single root and the root-to-shoot ratio, and calculate the average data. The results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Test:

1. Comparison of germination rate

The present invention is compared with the plant ash adopted in the patent 200410051711.8, and the plant ash is passed through an 80-mesh sieve for subsequent use; the plant ash and the seeds are mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 1:100, and then evenly spread on the seedbed covered with the plant ash; then, spray water When the substrate is moist, cover with a shade net to moisturize. 100 seeds were sown for each treatment and repeated 4 times. Seed germination rate was observed 22 days after sowing, and the average data was counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

The germination rate comparison of different substrates in table 1

matrix Germination number Germination rate(%) standard deviation Significant level (1%) PF1 65.83 65.83 10.061 A PF2 65.67 65.67 11.152 A plant ash 30.08 30.08 6.839 B

It can be seen from Table 1 that the germination rates of the cultivation substrates PF1 and PF2 were both 35 percentage points higher than those treated with plant ash, and the difference was extremely significant. The results show that the cultivation medium adopted in the present invention can obviously improve the germination rate of the seeds of the five-finger peach, and plant ash is not suitable for accelerating the germination of the seeds of the five-finger peach.

2. Comparison of seedling morphology and dry matter accumulation indicators

Take topsoil and peat respectively and pass through 80-mesh sieve for later use. Using topsoil as the cultivation substrate, the steps of sowing and management are the same as in Example 1; using peat as the cultivation substrate, the steps of sowing and management are the same as in Embodiment 2. Select 30 seedlings to measure plant height, leaf number, leaf area and chlorophyll SPAD value, and calculate the average data. The results are shown in Table 2. Pull out the seedlings, measure the dry weight of the aboveground part of a single plant, the dry weight of a single root and the root-to-shoot ratio, and calculate the average data. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 2 Morphological indicators of different formulation matrices

The results showed that the four morphological indexes of Prunus chinensis seedlings cultivated by PF1 and PF2 were significantly better than those of surface soil, the plant height was significantly better than that of peat, and the number of leaves per plant, SPAD value and leaf area of single leaf were equivalent to those of peat. This shows that compared with topsoil, the cultivation substrate provided by the present invention is conducive to the growth of peach seedlings; compared with peat, the cultivation substrate is conducive to the growth of peach seedling height.

Table 3 The dry matter accumulation of different formulation substrates

The results showed that the shoot dry weight and root dry weight of seedlings cultivated by PF1 and PF2 were significantly higher than those of surface soil and peat; The root weight and root dry weight were significantly better than that of the surface soil, but the root-shoot ratio was significantly lower than that of the surface soil. In addition, the shoot dry weight per plant of PF1 was higher than that of PF2, while the dry weight of single plant was lower than that of PF2. This shows that compared with topsoil and peat, the cultivation substrate provided by the present invention is more conducive to the dry matter accumulation of peach seedlings, can obviously improve the growth, dry matter accumulation and root-to-shoot ratio of peach seedlings, and is more effective It is beneficial to the growth of the root system and improves the economic value of the five-finger hair peach.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a method for growing peach seedlings, is characterized in that, its steps are as follows: 1) Production of cultivation substrate: put the sieved topsoil, peat, and decomposed dried sheep dung in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and then press topsoil: peat: decomposed dried sheep dung = 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2: 5 ~ The volume ratio of 7 is mixed evenly, and set aside; 2), sowing: Soak the fresh Prunus chinensis seeds with 0.5-1% carbendazim, dry them, and set them aside; mix the cultivation medium and seeds in a volume ratio of 1:80-120, stir them evenly, Then spread it evenly on the seedbed covered with the cultivation medium, and finally, sprinkle water with a watering can until the soil is moist, cover with a shade net to moisturize, and remove the shade net after the seeds germinate; 3), seedling management and transplantation: after sowing for 40 to 50 days, transplant the seedlings to a seedling tray equipped with a cultivation substrate, and pour enough root-fixing water; thereafter, when the surface of the substrate turns white, water once; When the seedlings are 10-15cm high, they can be transplanted to the field. 2. the five-finger peach seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sowing process is that the seed after the disinfection is directly spread evenly on the seedbed that is covered with cultivation substrate, then spreads one deck cultivation substrate on seed , it is better to just barely see the seeds, and the thickness should not exceed 5mm.