CN103503820A - Method for promoting natural propagation of migratory fish by adopting recirculating aquaculture and propagation system - Google Patents
Method for promoting natural propagation of migratory fish by adopting recirculating aquaculture and propagation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bottom water filtering system and further discloses an imitated ecological recirculating aquaculture and propagation system and a method for promoting natural propagation of migratory fish by adopting the recirculating aquaculture and propagation system. By adopting the method and establishing the recirculating aquaculture and propagation system suitable for integrated growth, development and spawning of the migratory fish, breeding and propagation functions are effectively integrated, and synergic regulation of ecological factors which are necessary during maturation of the migratory fish, especially reeves shad is optimized, so that sexual glands of bred parent fish can synchronously develop and mature under the appropriate, coordinative and controllable ecological conditions, the parent fish can naturally spawn without artificial spawning, and injuries, deaths and gonad development interference caused by hormone injection and catching operation are avoided. The method for promoting the natural propagation of the migratory fish by adopting the recirculating aquaculture and propagation system is simple, reliable and effective and is the key for propagation technology industrialization of the migratory fish, especially the America reeves shad.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to adopt the circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently to impel the method for migration fishes natural propagation.
Background technology
In China, anadromous migration fish comprise that salmon and hilsa herring etc. become important high-grade breed variety gradually.For example, U.S. hilsa herring (American shad, Alosa sapidissima) is since introducing at the end of last century, and China, every year from millions of fertilized eggs of imported from America, has formed the upsurge of cultivation U.S. hilsa herring.Yet, because U.S.'s hilsa herring fertilized egg of import artificial insemination by the wild reproductive population of US West's Colambia River obtains, its egg-laying period is to mid-July in annual mid-June, now, in the water temperature of the major area (comprising the ground such as Guangdong, Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area) of Chinese Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii, generally 24～30 ℃ of left and right, be far longer than 15～18 ℃ of hilsa herring incubating oosperm temperature, cause incubation rate very low (﹤ 10%), abnormal rate is high, has caused very large economic loss.Survival rate of seedling is low and with low quality, causes the selling at exorbitant prices of hilsa herring fingerling, has increased aquaculture cost, has restricted culturing reeves shads industry in Chinese development.
" a kind of U.S. hilsa herring is propagated parent's propagation method artificially " (patent No. ZL200610028907.4) introduced under fresh water flowing water cultivating condition, Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii carried out to hormone is hastened parturition, test-tube propagation method.In practical operation, there are some defects in the method, is difficult to promote.First, hilsa herring health is tender and lovely, edgy, and fishing for and injection of hormone operation during hastening parturition or accelerating the ripening, inevitably damages fish body, directly with indirectly lethality is higher; Each operation also can cause the stress reaction that hilsa herring is strong, causes gonad development bad or asynchronous.In addition, in the method, parent fish rearing does not adopt cycle water Ecology engineering, cannot guarantee good water quality; Adopt natural daylight, anhydrous temperature control equipment again, so illumination and temperature change with the variation of weather, cannot meet the necessary water chemistry of gonad development, physics and physiological factor in hilsa herring migration process and periodically naturally change the rhythm and pace of moving things, cause the gonad development of most parent populations bad.Even the parent population that gonad development is good, its gonad development is asynchronous.Owing to being difficult to judge the maturity of reproductive cell, so cannot determine the Best Times that enforcement hormone induction is laid eggs, more cannot grasp test-tube effective time.The blindness that hormone is hastened parturition is larger, when artificial insemination, misses receptive period, causes artificial propagation efficiency low, is difficult to promote on producing.
U.S. hilsa herring belongs to anadromous migration fish, and the necessary ecologic structure of its gonad development is comparatively complicated, and ecotope changes along with the variation in migration path, and the variation rhythm and pace of moving things that meets its ecotope is the key of hilsa herring sexual gland normal development.With traditional breeding facility and breeding method, be difficult to meet the demand of gonad development to ecotope in hilsa herring migration process.For example, in traditional cultural method, because water body is excessive, water temperature changes with the variation of weather, irresistible, and suddenly heating up or lowering the temperature directly affects gonad development and the reproductive behavior of hilsa herring.
2007, we hastened parturition by injection hormone induction, and Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii parent is carried out to artificial insemination, successfully produce hilsa herring fry.But, because Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii parent's gonad development is poor, the biological effect phase of hormone is difficult to predict, can not determine best artificial insemination time, cause spawning rate lower (﹤ 5%) and incubation rate low (﹤ 10%), be difficult to application on producing.The improvement of this technology becomes the key of culturing reeves shads development.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, first object of the present invention has been to provide a kind of bottom water filtering system.Second object of the present invention has been to provide a kind of circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently.The 3rd object of the present invention has been to provide a kind of method of impelling migration fishes natural propagation, without the method for the natural spawning of hormone induction, mainly solve existing migration fishes, hasten parturition blindness and the low technical problem of artificial insemination spawning efficiency that particularly the artificial fecundation method of U.S. hilsa herring exists.
The present invention is under indoor greenhouse condition, adopt cycle water engineering means, natural conditions with reference to U.S. hilsa herring anadromous migration in spring approach, set up the Ecology breeding environment that is applicable to hilsa herring gonad development, parent's sexual gland is being obtained under the necessary nutrition prerequisite of growth, in physics, water chemistry and the physiological factor cyclically-varying rhythm and pace of moving things in imitative migration path, naturally reach maturity, and natural spawning.
Technical scheme: the problem existing in order to solve prior art, the invention provides a kind of bottom water filtering system, comprise bottom water discharge bay, described bottom water discharge bay is connected with bottom water filtering device, described bottom water filtering device comprises bottom water filter, bottom water delivery port and the bottom water pipe being interconnected from top to bottom successively, it is inner that described bottom water filter and bottom water delivery port are located at bottom water discharge bay, and it is outside that described bottom water pipe exports to bottom water discharge bay by bottom water delivery port.
Further, described bottom water discharge bay is also connected with blowdown apparatus, described blowdown apparatus comprises sewage draining exit and the blow-off pipe being connected with sewage draining exit, and it is inner that described sewage draining exit is located at bottom water discharge bay, and it is outside that described blow-off pipe exports to bottom water discharge bay by sewage draining exit.Blow-off pipe is discharged the solid waste in system, can be discharged to solid waste fermentation tank, is fermented into fertilizer.
Further, this filtration system also comprises aeration ring and aerating device, and described aeration ring set is on the outer wall of bottom water filter, and described aerating device is communicated with aeration ring.Described aerating device comprises wireway and connected air pump, and described wireway is provided with valve.This aeration ring and aerating device can prevent that the mesh of bottom water filter outer wall from stopping up.
Further, described bottom water filter is centrum, cylinder or gengon.Filtering material can adopt stainless (steel) wire or nylon bolting silk, and mesh is 20～100 orders, on it along high flow surface, in case Chi Shui overflows.During parent fish rearing, bottom water filter can adopt stainless (steel) wire, collects the solid waste in fishpond, effectively reduces the BOD in cultivating system, purifies water; In mating season, plant fish mating at night, bottom water filter need adopt nylon yarn thin,tough silk, by for collecting the fertilized egg in Chan fishpond.If described bottom water filter adopts cylinder or gengon, its bottom will keep smooth, prevents that fish-egg is in heaps or damaged, affects incubation rate.
A kind of circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, this cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently comprises the adjacent and described bottom water filtering system independently of He Yu fishpond, fishpond one side, center, described fishpond is provided with the dirty delivery port of collection, and described bottom water pipe is connected the dirty delivery port of collection with bottom water filtering device.Fishpond is cycle water parent fish rearing and spawning pond, can adopt the construction materials such as cement pit, fiberglass, and specification is 50～400M
2, the depth of water is 0.5～3 meter.It is dirty that the shape in fishpond can adopt circle, the polygon such as square etc. to be convenient to center collection, concentrates fertilized egg.
Further, the double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises bottom water treatment system adjacent with fishpond one side and that be connected with bottom water filtering system, described bottom water treatment system comprises bottom water the first treatment pond, bottom water the second treatment pond and bottom water water purifying tank independent of one another and that be interconnected successively, and the bottom water water purifying tank outlet that described bottom water water purifying tank upper end is provided with connection water pump is communicated with fishpond.
Bottom water treatment system can be processed the solid waste in fishpond effectively.In bottom water treatment system, bottom water flows into bottom water discharge bay via the dirty delivery port of the collection that is arranged on Guo Xing bottom centre, then, through bottom water filter filtering, supernatant water enters bottom water the first treatment pond and bottom water the second treatment pond, has filler (as polythene material) in water treating pond.At this, adopt traditional microorganism water treatment to purify water, remove the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen.Water purification afterwards enters bottom water water purifying tank, finally by water pump or airlift pump, enters fishpond.
Further, the double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises the upper water treatment system adjacent with the opposite side in fishpond, described upper water treatment system comprises upper water discharge bay independent of one another and that be communicated with successively, upper water the first treatment pond, upper water the second treatment pond and upper water water purifying tank, described upper water water purifying tank and described bottom water water purifying tank diagonal angle arrange, described upper water water purifying tank upper end is provided with the upper water water purifying tank delivery port that connects water pump, upper water water purifying tank delivery port is communicated with fishpond, described upper water discharge bay upper end is provided with upper water delivery port and is communicated with fishpond.
Upper water treatment system is mainly used to process solubility refuse in fishpond.In upper water treatment system, upper water flows into upper water discharge bay via the upper water delivery port that is arranged on pool side, then, through entering upper water the first treatment pond and upper water the second treatment pond, has filler (as polythene material) in water treating pond.At this, microorganism water treatment purifies water, and removes the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen.Water purification afterwards enters upper water water purifying tank, finally by water pump or airlift pump, enters fishpond.
Further, bottom, described fishpond is provided with aeration tube, and described aeration tube is communicated with aerating device.Described aeration tube is located at fishpond interior bottom portion one week, and aeration tube can be selected Aero-Tube
tMoxygen increasing tube ，Dui carries out oxygenation in fishpond.
Further, described fishpond is circular fishpond, square fillet fishpond or polygon fishpond.
Because fertilized egg being of the anadromous migration fish such as salmon and hilsa herring delayed heavy property, under the water pump effect of upper water water inlet and bottom water water inlet, the Chi Shui in fishpond forms whirlpool, its fertilized egg is by the dirty delivery port of collection being deposited at the bottom of pond, by collecting dirty delivery port, flow into bottom water discharge bay, be collected in bottom water filter.In early morning every day, fertilized egg is pulled out, inserts demersal egg incubator and hatches.
A method of impelling migration fishes natural propagation, comprises the following steps:
1) reserve parent fish selects; In the spring of implementing artificial propagation, select individuality larger, build is higher, and body surface individuality more than flawless 2 ages in winter is parent population in support.
2) the described circulating water cultivation foundation of propagating system of holding concurrently; Parent fish rearing and breeding pond can be selected round pond or have the square water mud sump of fillet, and area is 50～400 square metres, and the depth of water is 0.5～3 meter.At parent fish rearing and propagating system as shown in Figure 1, by three parts, form ，Ji fishpond, bottom water water treatment system, upper water water treatment system.
3) parent fish rearing and fortification; Throw something and feed every day 3～6 times, day feeding volume is body weight 1～5%.The fish fish buoyancy feed (protein content is 40～44%, and fat content is 4～12%) that feed selects Shunde star feed factory to produce.In parent population buoyancy feed, can add weight ratio and be 1～10% fish parent population strengthening nutritional additive powder with high and make parent population fortified feed.
4) adjusting of the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment makes parent population natural spawning; Main temperature, day periodicity of illumination and the current of reconciling, to provide the Ecology environment of migration fishes.Detect and record water environment Main Factors diurnal and seasonal variation every day, comprises water temperature, dissolved oxygen and periodicity of illumination etc.In described step 4), adopt the optimization of imitative natural season rhythmicity to regulate, refer in spring the collaborative adjusting of temperature, day light application time and current, impel parent population sexual gland naturally to reach maturity and natural spawning, Optimized Measures wherein comprises: the rhythmicity of strictly controlling winter and spring, wherein, water temperature in winter is 5～18 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled to 10～24 ℃, when increasing water temperature gradually, extended day light application time and increase current progressively.
Temperature: in summer, be no more than 36 ℃ by refrigeration machine or well water control water temperature; In the fall, temperature is controlled to 20～28 ℃; In the winter time, control water temperature and be not less than 5 ℃, be generally 10～18 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled to 10～24 ℃.
Current: in the parent fish rearing phase, the water flow velocity of circulating water culture system is 0.04～0.2 meter per second.In spring, increase gradually current, make current reach the speed of 0.01～0.8 meter per second, preferred flow velocity is 0.2～0.6 meter per second.
Illumination: to day periodicity of illumination imitate the adjusting of rhythmicity in natural season, in summer, in autumn, in winter, adopt the natural lighting cycle.In spring, will the sunshine time should be adjusted to 10～15 hours.
We find when research wild U.S. hilsa herring natural propagation habit, and the synergy of temperature, weather and current is very large to egg laying amount and quality influence.When river water level improves, fine day continues many days, and when river temperature increases, wild hilsa herring starts to lay eggs, and reaches gradually spawning peak within a week.Work as Changes in weather, during especially overcast and rainy unexpected cooling, the behavior of laying eggs stops at once.
Owing to adopting the circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, we can be according to wild U.S. hilsa herring natural propagation habit, in spring, the synergy of imitating temperature, day periodicity of illumination and current regulates Ovipositional Rhythm, i.e. when improving temperature gradually (10～24 ℃), extended day light application time (10～15 hours), makes hilsa herring experience correct seasonal variation gradually, add the stimulation of current, induce naturally reaching maturity and laying eggs of sexual gland.
Salinity: cultivating the most of the time can be fresh water or seawater, changes without the salinity of salinity being imitated to migration ecology.But for obtaining best breeding result, in the winter time and spring, using several times salinity is 5～30 ‰ salt water (available sea crystal configurations), maintains 1～10 day.
Natural spawning: reach 15 ℃ in water temperature, in the situation that continues 10～30 days, increased water flow stimulates gradually, manifests between the lights the phenomenon that male and female hilsa herring chases.In parent fish pond, increase temperature and extended day when light application time, add the water pump of 250～1000 watts, increase current, make current reach the speed of 0.2～0.6 meter per second.During gonad maturity, hilsa herring starts natural spawning.Hilsa herring fertilized egg belongs to demersal egg, can sink gradually, with bottom discharge mouth, flows out and cultivates pond.
5) collecting fertilized egg and fertilized egg hatches.In early morning every day, check bottom water filter (receipts egg apparatus), if find fertilized egg, with 50 mesh sieve tulles, ovum pulled out, and tiny excrement particles is filtered, and with feather, large granular impurity chosen.Then, with a small amount of clear water, clean and filter repeatedly, until fertilized egg is clean, can move into incubation vessel hatching.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: circulating water cultivation of the present invention is held concurrently in propagating system, integrating migration fishes grows and breeds the circulating water cultivation the being integrated propagating system of holding concurrently, by two path water treatment system, keep excellent and stable cultivation water environment, thereby can be according to the anadromous migration fish migration variation of ecology and environment rhythm and pace of moving things and reproductive habit, effectively regulate the seasonal variation rhythm and pace of moving things and the diurnal variation rhythm and pace of moving things of migration ecological factor, emphasize water temperature, the collaborative regulating action of day light application time and current, impel its sexual gland normal synchronized to grow, physical maturity, and natural spawning, in addition, bottom water filter is connected with center, fishpond Ji Luanqu, realizes and automatically receive ovum, in a word, by the circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, without artificial hormone, hasten parturition, implement natural spawning, and avoided people to arrest the injures and deaths that operation and injection of hormone cause, or the Gonad dysplasia of stress reaction initiation, thereby spawning efficiency improved.
The unique advantage of native system is:
1) fishpond design is applicable to anadromous migration fish: in culturing pool, the joint act feature of anadromous migration fish be continual, along pool side cluster, turn-take and move about, stress reaction is extremely strong, and movement velocity is very fast.One gets a fright, and can move about rapidly, very easily comes to harm.Circular fishpond, the design of square fillet or polygon design avoid surrounding to form dead angle, thereby while avoiding frightened, fish runs helter-skelter to cause and at dead angle, hits wall risk.
2) cultivation and breeding facility are comprehensively integrated to (fishpond-whirlpool flowing water design-water treating pond-collection ovum incubator), realize sexual gland physical maturity, natural spawning, without adopting artificial induced spawning measure: circulating water cultivation hold concurrently propagating system design synthesis water treatment cultural technique and reproductive biology technical characterstic, applicable parent population grows up healthy and sound and reproductive habit.
3) circulating water treatment measure: adopt two path water treatment system, i.e. bottom water and upper water treatment system, Treated Base is rich in the addle of solid waste and is rich in solubility NH respectively
3waste water, keep excellent, stable cultivation water environment, make the parent population growth of growing up healthy and sound.Recycling technology makes Ecology measure no longer be subject to the impact of Changes in weather, and makes artificial sea water environment become possibility,, in less water body, adds 2～3% sea crystal, sets up imitative briny environment, recycles, and its cost lowers greatly.
4) diagonal angle water inlet design: form whirlpool in fishpond, be of value to their hobby behaviors against the current, increase the absorption of oxygen.Meanwhile, improve the dirty ability of collection, reduced BOD, improved water quality, can be used to mating season induce parent population gonadal maturation, and impelled fertilized egg to accumulate in the dirty delivery port (Ji Luanqu) of collection of Chi Di central area.
5) collect dirty delivery port (Ji Luanqu) and be connected cleverly design with bottom water filter (receipts egg apparatus), make when collecting ovum, do not injure fertilized egg: in the low-lying pot bottom type dirt colleceting area of fishpond Center, collect dirty delivery port (Ji Luanqu), under the water impact at Liang Ge diagonal angle, form whirlpool, fertilized egg is just deposited in Ji Luanqu, and fertilized egg is just along with current enter receipts egg apparatus; Owing to entering the current of receipts egg apparatus, be from bottom to top, stir the fertilized egg in receiving egg apparatus, make fertilized egg all the time in suspended state, prevent that fertilized egg from depositing agglomerating stopping up extremely.
6) in fishpond surrounding, lay aeration tube, in the time of oxygenation, in wall inner side, form aerosol barrier, when prevention fish is frightened, hit wall injures and deaths; This design has overcome lays gas charging stone in traditional circulating water cultivation fishpond and affects the smoothness that hilsa herring turn-takes and moves about, and Min. ground affects fishpond whirlpool dynamic characteristic.
7) Parallel Design that water treatment and fishpond combine as a whole, first, has simplified system architecture, has reduced construction cost more than 30%; Secondly, one, each fishpond system, is convenient to Ecology technical management, has also reduced the risk of cross infection disease.In addition, it is close that fishpond and water treating pond water level keep, and water body can turn round under low lift condition, has saved widely operating cost.
8) the present invention has the features such as simple, reliable, effective, no longer needs hormone to hasten parturition.Function unified integration by cultivating and breeding, realizes sexual gland physical maturity, and natural spawning, avoids fishing for and operating the injures and deaths that cause and disturb gonad development because of injection hormone.
9) to have become hilsa herring propagation technique successfully crucial in China's Industryization in the application of the inventive method, not only broken away from the present situation of the long-term dependence on import fertilized egg of U.S.'s culturing reeves shads, filled up the blank of Cultured Tenualosa Reevesii artificial propagation techniques, and can pass through water temperature, the synergy of illumination and current, shift to an earlier date artificially or postpone egg-laying time, meeting the need of market.For example, 2007, we adopted the method ，Dui200Wei U.S. culturing reeves shads parent that hormone is hastened parturition to carry out artificial induced spawning and insemination, produce 2.4 ten thousand fertilized eggs, and hatch 2200 tail newly hatched larvaes.In the present invention, we,, by adopting the circulating water cultivation natural spawning method of propagating system of holding concurrently, produce 430,000 fertilized eggs with 68 tail parent populations, cultivation hilsa herring fingerling 12.6 ten thousand tails, and passed through the provincial expert appraisal in Jiangsu Province.Recently, we regulate by the optimization of the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment of the present invention, and we adopt 260 tail kind fishes, produce 1.89 hundred million fertilized eggs, hatch 0.926 hundred million tail newly hatched larvae, for more than 90% culturing reeves shads family, the whole nation provides hilsa herring seed.
10) the Ecology natural propagation method in the present invention can be applicable to the high-grade breed variety that other physique are tender and lovely, stress reaction large, propagation technique difficulty is large, especially saving aspect endangered the Changjiang river hairtail and hilsa herring gene pool, set up artificial propagation field, have very wide application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of A part in Fig. 1;
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
As Fig. 2, a kind of bottom water filtering system, comprise bottom water discharge bay 2, described bottom water discharge bay 2 is connected with bottom water filtering device, described bottom water filtering device comprises bottom water filter 15, bottom water delivery port 16 and the bottom water pipe 22 being interconnected from top to bottom successively, described bottom water filter 15 and bottom water delivery port 16 are located at bottom water discharge bay 2 inside, and described bottom water pipe 22 exports to bottom water discharge bay 2 outsides by bottom water delivery port 16.Described bottom water discharge bay 2 is also connected with blowdown apparatus, described blowdown apparatus comprises sewage draining exit 17 and the blow-off pipe 23 being connected with sewage draining exit 17, described sewage draining exit 17 is located at bottom water discharge bay 2 inside, and described blow-off pipe 23 exports to bottom water discharge bay 2 outsides by sewage draining exit 17.This filtration system also comprises aeration ring 18 and aerating device, and described aeration ring 18 is enclosed within on the outer wall of bottom water filter 15, and described aerating device is communicated with aeration ring 18.Described aerating device comprises wireway and connected air pump, and described wireway is provided with valve 24.Described bottom water filter 15 is centrum.
Embodiment 2:
As Fig. 1, a kind of circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, this cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently comprises the adjacent and bottom water filtering system independently of 13He Yu fishpond, fishpond 13 1 sides, 13 centers, described fishpond are provided with the dirty delivery port 1 of collection, and the dirty delivery port 1 of described collection is connected with the bottom water filtering system described in embodiment 1 by fishpond 13 bottom water pipes 22.A kind of circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, this cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently comprises the adjacent and bottom water filtering system described in embodiment 1 independently of 13He Yu fishpond, fishpond 13 1 sides, 13 centers, described fishpond are provided with the dirty delivery port 1 of collection, and described bottom water pipe 22 is connected the dirty delivery port 1 of collection with bottom water filtering device.
The double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises bottom water treatment system adjacent with fishpond 13 1 sides and that be connected with bottom water filtering system, described bottom water treatment system comprises bottom water the first treatment pond 3, bottom water the second treatment pond 4 and bottom water water purifying tank 5 independent of one another and that be interconnected successively, and the bottom water water purifying tank outlet 6 that described bottom water water purifying tank 5 upper ends are provided with connection water pump is communicated with fishpond 13.Described bottom water water purifying tank 5 upper ends are also connected with water inlet pipe 20，Gai water source, water source and derive from well water, Natural Water etc.The double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises the upper water treatment system adjacent with the opposite side in fishpond 13, described upper water treatment system comprises upper water discharge bay 8 independent of one another and that be communicated with successively, upper water the first treatment pond 9, upper water the second treatment pond 10 and upper water water purifying tank 11, described upper water water purifying tank 11 and described bottom water water purifying tank 5 diagonal angle settings, described upper water water purifying tank 11 upper ends are provided with the upper water water purifying tank delivery port 12 that connects water pump, upper water water purifying tank delivery port 12Yu fishpond 13 is communicated with, described upper water discharge bay 8 upper ends are provided with upper water delivery port 7 and are communicated with fishpond 13.13 bottoms, described fishpond are provided with aeration tube 14, and described aeration tube 14 is communicated with aerating device.Described aerating device comprises conduit 19 and connected air pump, and described conduit 19 is provided with valve 21.By valve 21, control the flow of oxygen.Aeration tube is located at fishpond 13 interior bottom portion one week, and aeration tube can be selected Aero-Tube
tMoxygen increasing tube ，Dui carries out oxygenation in fishpond.Described fishpond 13 is square fillet fishpond.
Embodiment 3:
A method of impelling migration fishes natural propagation, comprises the following steps:
1) reserve parent fish selects; In the spring of implementing artificial propagation, select individuality larger, build is higher, and body surface individuality more than flawless 2 ages in winter is parent population in support.
2) the described circulating water cultivation foundation of propagating system of holding concurrently; Parent fish rearing and breeding pond can be selected round pond or have the square water mud sump of fillet, and area is 50～400 square metres, and the depth of water is 0.5～3 meter.At parent fish rearing and propagating system as shown in Figure 1, by three parts, form ，Ji Ji fishpond, bottom water treatment system, upper water treatment system.
3) parent fish rearing and fortification; Throw something and feed every day 3～6 times, day feeding volume is body weight 1～5%.The fish fish buoyancy feed (protein content is 40～44%, and fat content is 4～12%) that feed selects Shunde star feed factory to produce.In buoyancy feed, add weight ratio and be 1～10% fish parent population strengthening nutritional additive powder with high and make parent population fortified feed.
4) adjusting of the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment makes parent population natural spawning; Main salinity, temperature and day periodicity of illumination of reconciling, to provide the Ecology environment of migration hilsa herring.Detect and record water environment Main Factors diurnal and seasonal variation every day, comprises water temperature, dissolved oxygen, illumination and salinity etc.
In described step 4), adopt the prioritization scheme to water temperature, current, illumination, water quality, salinity, comprehensively adjusted in concert, impels parent population sexual gland physical maturity and natural spawning.
Temperature: in summer, be no more than 36 ℃ by refrigeration machine or well water control water temperature; In the fall, temperature is controlled to 20～28 ℃; In the winter time, adopt solar water heater to improve water temperature, make water temperature be not less than 5 ℃, be generally 10～18 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled to 10～24 ℃.
Current: in the parent fish rearing phase, the water flow velocity of circulating water culture system is 0.04～0.2 meter per second.In spring, increase gradually current, make current reach the speed of 0.01～0.8 meter per second, preferred flow velocity is 0.2～0.6 meter per second.
Illumination: to day periodicity of illumination imitate the adjusting of rhythmicity in natural season, in summer, autumn, winter, adopt natural lighting.; In spring, by illumination regulator, will it be 10～13 hours the sunshine time.Collaborative adjusting by temperature, day light application time and current, makes hilsa herring experience correct seasonal variation, to meet the essential natural conditions of hilsa herring gonad development, impels naturally reaching maturity of sexual gland.
Salinity: cultivating the most of the time can be fresh water or seawater, changes without the salinity of salinity being imitated to migration ecology.But for obtaining best breeding result, in the winter time and spring, using several times salinity is 5～30 ‰ salt water (available sea crystal configurations), maintains 1～10 day.
Natural spawning: reach 15 ℃ in water temperature, in the situation that continues 10～30 days, increased water flow stimulates gradually, manifests between the lights the phenomenon that male and female hilsa herring chases.In parent fish pond, increase temperature and extended day when light application time, add the water pump of 250～1000 watts, increase current, make current reach the speed of 0.2～0.6 meter per second.During gonad maturity, hilsa herring starts natural spawning.Hilsa herring fertilized egg belongs to demersal egg, can sink gradually, with bottom discharge mouth, flows out and cultivates pond.
5) collecting fertilized egg and fertilized egg hatches.In early morning every day, check bottom water filter (receipts egg apparatus), if find fertilized egg, with 50 mesh sieve tulles, ovum pulled out, and tiny excrement particles is filtered, and with feather, large granular impurity chosen.Then, with a small amount of clear water, clean and filter repeatedly, until fertilized egg is clean, can move into incubation vessel hatching.
Migration fishes in the present embodiment are U.S. hilsa herring, the present invention adopts the method for natural spawning to improve widely spawning efficiency: the gonadal maturation of hilsa herring completes in anadromous migration process, the ecotope complexity in its migration path is various, and be difficult to grasp the opportunity of artificial hormone operation.Natural spawning is fully to meet its natural propagation habit, the result of the individual natural mating of sexual gland physical maturity, thereby reach best reproductive effect.We show in up-to-date research, in the circulating water cultivation of the present invention propagating system Zhong， U.S. hilsa herring natural spawning rate of holding concurrently, are 86.2%, and incubation rate is 67.3%, and the parent population lethality between breeding period is 17.3%; And the method for artificial induced spawning, spawning rate is 8.5%, and incubation rate is 29.6%, and the parent population lethality between breeding period is 78.2%.The applicable health of natural spawning is tender and lovely, and the physiological property of edgy hilsa herring, has simplified operation sequence, and the Human disturbance of minimizing has reduced cost and injures and deaths risk.Natural spawning has improved the controllability in artificial propagation season: can pass through water temperature, the synergy of illumination and current, shifts to an earlier date artificially or postpone the natural spawning time.The egg-laying period of U.S. hilsa herring wild stocks is generally mid-June, lasts two weeks.The research of 2013 shows, adopts control technique, and the hilsa herring egg-laying period can extend to by the end of August from mid-March, reaches five first quarter moons, can meet the different demands of southern and northern peasant household.
Above-described embodiment limits the scope of the invention for illustrating that the present invention is not used in because being only interpreted as.After having read the content of the present invention's record, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalences change and modification falls into the scope of the claims in the present invention equally.
Claims (8)
1. a bottom water filtering system, comprise bottom water discharge bay (2), it is characterized in that: described bottom water discharge bay (2) is connected with bottom water filtering device, described bottom water filtering device comprises bottom water filter (15), bottom water delivery port (16) and the bottom water pipe (22) being interconnected from top to bottom successively, described bottom water filter (15) and bottom water delivery port (16) are located at bottom water discharge bay (2) inside, and described bottom water pipe (22) exports to bottom water discharge bay (2) outside by bottom water delivery port (16).
2. the circulating water cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently, it is characterized in that: this cultivation propagating system of holding concurrently comprises the adjacent and bottom water filtering system claimed in claim 1 independently of He Yu fishpond, fishpond (13) (13) one sides, center, described fishpond (13) is provided with collection dirty delivery port (1), and described bottom water pipe (22) will collect dirty delivery port (1) and be connected with bottom water filtering device.
3. a kind of circulating water cultivation according to claim 2 propagating system of holding concurrently, it is characterized in that: the double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises bottom water treatment system adjacent with fishpond (13) one sides and that be connected with bottom water filtering system, described bottom water treatment system comprises bottom water the first treatment pond (3), bottom water the second treatment pond (4) and bottom water water purifying tank (5) independent of one another and that be interconnected successively, and the bottom water water purifying tank outlet (6) that described bottom water water purifying tank (5) upper end is provided with connection water pump is communicated with fishpond (13).
4. a kind of circulating water cultivation according to claim 3 propagating system of holding concurrently, it is characterized in that: the double propagating system of this cultivation also comprises the upper water treatment system adjacent with the opposite side of fishpond (13), described upper water treatment system comprises upper water discharge bay (8) independent of one another and that be communicated with successively, upper water the first treatment pond (9), upper water the second treatment pond (10) and upper water water purifying tank (11), described upper water water purifying tank (11) and described bottom water water purifying tank (5) diagonal angle setting, described upper water water purifying tank (11) upper end is provided with the upper water water purifying tank delivery port (12) that connects water pump, upper water water purifying tank delivery port (12) is communicated with fishpond (13), described upper water discharge bay (8) upper end is provided with upper water delivery port (7) and is communicated with fishpond (13).
5. a method of impelling migration fishes natural propagation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) reserve parent fish selects;
2) foundation of propagating system of holding concurrently of the circulating water cultivation described in claim 2～4;
3) parent fish rearing and fortification;
4) optimization of the imitative natural season rhythmicity of breeding environment regulates and makes parent population natural spawning;
5) collecting fertilized egg and fertilized egg hatches.
6. the method for natural propagation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step 4), adopt the optimization of imitative natural season rhythmicity to regulate, refer in spring the collaborative adjusting of temperature, day light application time and current, impel parent population sexual gland naturally to reach maturity and natural spawning, optimization wherein regulates and comprises: strictly control the rhythmicity in winter and spring, wherein, water temperature in winter is 5～18 ℃; In spring, temperature is controlled to 10～24 ℃, when increasing water temperature gradually, extended day light application time and increase current progressively.
7. the method for natural propagation according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described migration fishes are U.S. hilsa herring.
8. the method for natural propagation according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described current regulate as follows: in the parent fish rearing phase, the water flow velocity of circulating water culture system is 0.04～0.2 meter per second, in spring, increase gradually current, make current reach the speed of 0.01～0.8 meter per second.
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Effective date of registration: 20160524 Address after: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215138 Yangchenghu town Xiangcheng national modern agriculture demonstration garden Patentee after: SUZHOU FISHSEEDS BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215138 Yangchenghu town Xiangcheng national modern agriculture demonstration garden Patentee before: SUZHOU YIKEMAN BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |