CN103477926A - Intelligent artificial rainfall simulator - Google Patents
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- CN103477926A CN103477926A CN201310449394.4A CN201310449394A CN103477926A CN 103477926 A CN103477926 A CN 103477926A CN 201310449394 A CN201310449394 A CN 201310449394A CN 103477926 A CN103477926 A CN 103477926A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种智能人工降雨模拟装置。该装置包括循环供水系统、智能控制器、计算机及软件系统、分布式喷洒降雨器、移动式可伸缩试验架和防风结构组成。其中，分布式喷洒降雨器由上下两层不同直径的喷管，以及与喷嘴直径相应的喷头组合而成。所述防风结构置于降雨器下方，可固定于试验架内侧，其由式I所述聚合物制备所得：所述高分子聚合物的Mw为5.115×104，分子量分布指数为1.761。The invention discloses an intelligent artificial rainfall simulation device. The device consists of a circulating water supply system, an intelligent controller, a computer and software system, a distributed sprinkler, a mobile retractable test frame and a windproof structure. Among them, the distributed sprinkler is composed of upper and lower layers of nozzles with different diameters and nozzles corresponding to the diameter of the nozzles. The windproof structure is placed under the rainfall device and can be fixed on the inside of the test frame, which is prepared from the polymer described in formula I:
The Mw of the high molecular polymer is 5.115×10 4 , and the molecular weight distribution index is 1.761.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intelligent artificial rain simulating device, particularly the Portable rainfall imitation device of the geological disasters such as a kind of Study of Landslides, debris flow.This patent obtains the fund assistance of National 973 project " large water conservancy hydroelectric engineering high gradient slope Life cycle performance develops and security control ".
Background technology
Rainfall, as a key factor of bringing out the side slope disaster, receives the concern of Chinese scholars all the time.The geological disasters such as the caused landslide of rainfall, debris flow have made a lot of areas and city be subject to serious harm, have caused a large amount of casualties and property loss, and economic construction and social stability have been formed to very big impact.As Zhouqu County, Gansu Province on the 7th August in 2010 due to heavy showers, the especially big mountain flood and geological disaster of initiation, debris flow flow through the zone levelled to the ground, caused missing 1148 people, dead 337 people's great casualties situation.
Field trial and indoor physical simulation test are the important method of research rainfall induced landslide.Not only the destruction situation of side slope can be intuitively seen by test, and variation and the seepage flow situation of change of numerical analysis of rainfall infiltration mesoslope interior mechanics parameter can be gathered exactly.Deng Weidong etc. (2003) test to study the relation of rain infiltration and slope stability by carrying out on-the-spot artificially-simulated rainfall.Zhan Liangtong etc. (2003) have carried out unsaturated soil side slope in-situ monitoring under the Condition of Rainfall Infiltration, and show that rainfall infiltration causes horizontal stress in the soil body significantly to increase, make horizontal stress with vertical stress than the stress ratio approached under the theoretical limit state.Chen Jian etc. (2005) have carried out the research of the relation of Landslide Bodies of The Three Gorges Reservoir Region probability of happening and precipitation condition by field trial.Chen Xiao waits clearly (2006) slope sliding when carrying out artificial rainfall at the scene, and and then causes forming debris flow.Wang Jihua (2006) by indoor rainfall infiltration experimental study the variation of slope body physical and mechanical parameter.Yang Yue (2012) passes through lab simulation
Rain test has been studied the destruction of earth-rock aggregate slope.
Above-mentioned these artificial rainfall experimental studies have advanced the development of artificial rain simulating device to a certain extent greatly, but all also there be limitation and defect to a certain degree in such device at present:
(1) the raininess scope is little, and same set of device can not generally be simulated light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, heavy showers usually.
(2) poor controllability, experimental rig generally can only be simulated a certain intensity rainfall, and rainfall that can not zoning simulated different raininess.
(3) existing experimental rig can be set a certain raininess simulated rainfall usually, can not be according to the actual rainfall of automatic accurate simulation of a certain rainfall duration.
(4) existing experimental rig usually can not be according to the rainfall situation of a certain rainfall duration next time period of data prediction.
(5) existing experimental rig mostly is the fixation test frame, can not need according to test arbitrarily mobile.
Summary of the invention
Problem for above-mentioned existence, the invention discloses a kind of intelligent artificial rain simulating device, the purpose of this device be to provide a kind of indoor, on-the-spot dual-purpose, portable, can be according to a certain actual rainfall duration simulated rainfall process and the intelligent artificial rain system of predict future rainfall.
A kind of intelligent artificial rain simulating device provided by the invention comprises: circulating water supply system, intelligent controller, calculator and software systems, distributed sprinkling rain controller, portable scalable test stand and windproof structure.
Described circulating water supply system is comprised of supply tank, water pump, water pressure regulator, header tank, tube connector and filter.Header tank is connected with filter by tube connector, and then is connected with supply tank by tube connector, forms water circulation channel, and water pump is connected with distributed sprinkling rain controller with intelligent controller with water pressure regulator, for distributed sprinkling rain controller supplies water.
Described intelligent controller one end is connected with water pressure regulator with distributed sprinkling rain controller magnetic valve, the other end is connected with calculator, pass through computer software, can realize that controller is to water pressure regulator and distributed sprinkling rain controller Based Intelligent Control, in addition, intelligent controller also is connected with the rain sensor in rain-receiving device, can regulate rainfall intensity by the feedback effect of rain sensor.
Described calculator and software systems are connected with intelligent controller, are mainly used in moving intelligent controller.Computer software not only can last by rainfall simulation, can also be according to the historical prediction of rainfall rainfall intensity.
Described distributed sprinkling rain controller is combined by the shower nozzle of upper and lower two-layer different spray nozzles diameter, can simulate the rainfall effect of different raininess.Each shower nozzle has independently solenoid control switch, and is connected with intelligent controller by cable.By calculator and software systems, can to each nozzle injection flow rate and water spray intensity, accurately control easily, for Simulated rainfall and rainfall intensity.Distributed sprinkling rain controller upper strata jet size 60mm, nozzle diameter 200mm, but simulated rainfall strength range 0.5～5.6mm/min.The jet size 30mm of lower floor, nozzle diameter 80mm, but simulated rainfall strength range 0.02～1.6mm/min.By jet pipe and the Nozzle combination of the upper and lower two-layer different-diameter of distributed sprinkling rain controller, greatly strengthened the simulation context of rain controller, basically go for simulating all natural precipitation operating modes.Distributed sprinkling rain controller is placed in the top of portable scalable test stand.
That the scalable test stand of described movable type is comprised of the steel column of four adjustable lengths, the rollered test stand in bottom, pulley, with brake device, can be fixed in process of the test.
The casing that described windproof structure is the upper and lower opening made of same form I polymer, be placed in the rain controller below, can be fixed in the test stand inboard.
This device is simple to operate, practical and convenient, and applicability is strong, has higher practical value.
The accompanying drawing content
Fig. 1 is the rainfall simulator schematic diagram, wherein 1-circulating water supply system, 2-intelligent controller, 3-calculator and software systems, the distributed sprinkling rain controller of 4-, the portable scalable test stand of 5-, 6-windproof structure, 101-supply tank, 102-water pump, 103-water pressure regulator, 104-upper hose, 105-tube connector, 106-filter, 107-header tank, 501-steel pipe, 502-steel column, 503-pulley, 504-snap ring;
Fig. 2 is distributed sprinkling rain controller partial schematic diagram, wherein 401-jet pipe, 402-shower nozzle, 403-magnetic valve, 404-jet pipe, 405-shower nozzle.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the structure of experimental rig and use
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: circulating water supply system 1, intelligent controller 2, calculator and software systems 3, distributed sprinkling rain controller 4, portable scalable test stand 5 and windproof structure 6.Circulating water supply system 1 is comprised of supply tank 101, water pump 102, water pressure regulator 103, upper hose 104, header tank 107, tube connector 105 and filter 106.Header tank 107 is connected with filter 106 by tube connector 105, and then is connected with supply tank 101 by tube connector 105, forms water circulation channel.Wherein, header tank 107 is collected simulated rainfall, the simulated rainfall that filter 106 collects for purification, and be transported to recycling in supply tank 101 by connecting pipe 105.Water pump 102 is connected with distributed sprinkling rain controller 4 with intelligent controller 2 with water pressure regulator 103, for distributed sprinkling rain controller 4 supplies water.Water pump 102 can be raised to eminence by the water extraction in header tank 107, and water pressure regulator 103 is for controlling the pressure of upper hose 104 water.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, distributed sprinkling rain controller 4 by upper and lower two-layer different- diameter jet pipe 401 and 404 and the shower nozzle 402 and 405 of nozzle diameter combine, can simulate the rainfall effect of different raininess.Each shower nozzle has independently flow control electromagnetic valve 403 to control, and magnetic valve 403 is connected with intelligent controller 2, by intelligent controller 2, can control the injection flow rate of each shower nozzle, thereby has greatly improved the simulated rainfall scope of apparatus of the present invention.Distributed sprinkling rain controller 4 is placed in the top of portable scalable test stand 5.Portable scalable test stand 5 is comprised of steel column 501,502 and pulley 503, the snap ring 504 of four adjustable lengths.Wherein, the steel column divides two sections, steel column 502 and steel pipe 501, and steel column 502 can stretch in steel pipe by automatic control switch, thereby realizes the scalability of steel column.Pulley 503 can make test stand convenient mobile, and snap ring 504 can make pulley be fixed on ground.The casing of the upper and lower opening that windproof structure 6 is made for same form I polymer, be placed in the below of distributed sprinkling rain controller 4, can be fixed in test stand 5 inboards.Windproof structure 6 prevents the impact of wind on the rainfall effect while being mainly used in the field simulated rain trails.
When the present invention uses, adopt following steps:
1 confirmed test place, the scalable test stand 5 of placed mobile: column 501 and 502 highly is transferred to suitable position;
2 settle distributed sprinkling rain controller 4: mounting spray head 402 and 405 on jet pipe 401 and 404, and magnetic valve 403 are placed in portable scalable test stand 5 tops by distributed sprinkling rain controller 4;
3 install circulating water supply system 1: supply tank 101, water pump 102, water pressure regulator 103, upper hose 104 are connected, and upper hose is divided into two water pipes, is connected respectively to the upper and lower two-layer different- diameter jet pipe 401 and 404 of distributed sprinkling rain controller 4.Header tank 107 is connected with filter 106 by tube connector 105, and then is connected with supply tank 101 by tube connector 105, form water circulation channel;
4 are connected with water pressure regulator 103 water pump 102 with intelligent controller 2;
5 are connected the magnetic valve circuit of the control capacity of sprinkler settled on the upper and lower two-layer jet pipe of distributed sprinkling rain controller 4 with intelligent controller 2;
6 are connected to calculator 3 by intelligent controller;
7 by calculator and software systems, can input rainfall duration, by intelligent controller, control magnetic valve and each shower nozzle injection flow rate, simulate different rainfall intensities.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of formula I polymer
Step 1: take trimethylsilyl acetylene as raw material, under-78 ℃ of nitrogen protection conditions, by butyl lithium and 4,4 '-the dibromobenzene ketone, by waiting amount of substance reaction to generate the terminal acetylene link compound of hydroxyl; Concrete operations are: add 17mmol TMSA in the 250m1 there-necked flask, add the 30ml anhydrous tetrahydro furan, be cooled to-78 ℃, slowly drip fourth 2.4M butyl lithium solution 15.6mmol, insulation 30min.Add 4,4 '-dibromobenzene ketone 14.2mmol.Add deionized water and tetrabutyl amine fluoride 14.2mmol after 12 hours.Use the dichloromethane extraction organic layer, be spin-dried for the rear carrene of using: benzinum=cross post at 3: 1 obtains the faint yellow solid compound.
Step 2: the step 1 products therefrom,, reacts with the cyclohexanol cyclization of being dewatered by the dehydrating agent ortho acid trimethyl effect of three times of equivalents than being under 5% pyridine tosilate catalysis in molar fraction; Concrete operations are: add the compound 7.2mmol of step 1 in reaction tube, and cyclohexanol 8.6mmol, pyridine tosilate 0.36mmol, add ortho acid trimethyl 21.6mmol under nitrogen atmosphere, then add 1,2-dichloroethane 25ml, and 85 ℃ are stirred 12 hours.Cross post with benzinum and obtain white solid product
its nuclear magnetic data is as follows:
1H?NMR(400Hz，CDCl
3)：6.036(d，1H，J=9.6Hz)，6.648(d，1H，J=9.6Hz)，6.850(m，2H，J=4.8Hz)，7.006(d，1H，J=7.6Hz)，7.120(t，1H，J=9.4Hz)，7.159(br，2H)，7.300(br，2H)，7.456(br，2H)，7.566(br，2H).
Step 3: the step 2 products therefrom in molar fraction than the cuprous iodide that is 5%, molar fraction is than being under 5% bi triphenyl phosphine dichloride palladium catalytic condition, in the alkaline environment that is solvent at triethylamine with the trimethylsilyl acetylene generation coupled reaction of twice equivalent.Concrete operations are: add two (triphenylphosphine) palladium chlorides of 0.14mmol in reaction tube; 0.14mmol cuprous iodide; 1.36mmol bromo-derivative; add the 15ml triethylamine under nitrogen protection; 5.44mmol trimethylsilyl acetylene, 75 ℃ are stirred 20 hours, after the elimination precipitation, with benzinum, cross thin layer chromatography; obtain the pale yellow oily liquid body, structural formula is
magnetic resonance spectroscopy is:
1HNMR(400Hz，CDCl
3)：0.250(s，18H)，6.022-6.036(d，1H，J=10.0Hz)，6.606-6.628(d，1H，J=9.6Hz)，6.840-6.901(m，2H，J=8.8Hz)，6.867-6.905(d，1H，J=7.2Hz)，7.069-7.126(t，1H，J=7.6Hz)，7.326(br，2H)，7.323(br，2H)，7.323(br，2H)，7.468(br，2H).
Step 4: the step 3 products therefrom reacts and obtains the compound that contains end alkynes hydrogen with the tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride of twice equivalent; Concrete operations are: add the product of step 3 in round-bottomed flask, add carrene to dissolve, then add the tetrabutyl amine fluoride of 2.1 times of equivalents, and stirring at room 15 minutes, obtaining product is yellow liquid, structural formula is
magnetic resonance spectroscopy is:
1H?NMR(400Hz，CDCl
3)：3.125(s，2H)，6.022-6.063(d，1H，J=9.6Hz)，6.598-6.606(d，1H，J=7.2Hz)，6.896-6.970(m，2H，J=5.2Hz)，7.001-7.120(d，1H，J=7.2Hz)，7.120-7.161(t，1H，J=7.6Hz)，7.386(br，2H)，7.586(br，2H)，7.488(br，2H)，7.496(br，2H).
Step 5: add the step 4 products therefrom of 0.048mmol in round-bottomed flask, 15 milliliters of THF after the deoxidation that will anhydrate under argon shield, 10 ml waters add, and are heated to 60 ℃ of reactions 20 hours.A large amount of methyl alcohol is added to cancellation reaction in reaction system.Suction filtration, with a large amount of acetone cyclic washings.Solid is spin-dried for Rotary Evaporators after dissolving with THF, then uses the methyl alcohol reprecipitation, repeatedly operates 3 times; After dissolving with THF for the last time, by filtered through silica gel, remove insoluble matter, after being spin-dried for organic facies with Rotary Evaporators, use methanol extraction, drain, obtain polymer shown in formula I, it is white solid, productive rate 85%.M
wbe 5.115 * 10
4, molecular weight distributing index is 1.761
1H?NMR(400Hz，CDCl
3)：0.826-0.868(br，18H)，1.366-1.421(br，12H)，1.535(br，12H)，2.100(br，12H)，6.085-6.106(br，1H)，6.556-6.586(br，1H)，6.806-6.838(br，1H)，6.889-6.905(br，1H)，6.989-7.081(br，1H)，7.114-7.129(br，1H)，7.210-7.286(br，4H)，7.268-7.298(br，4H).
According to GB/T7134-1996 and method well-known to those skilled in the art, polymer shown in formula I is prepared into to corresponding sheet material, by sheet material, can prepares required anti-wind box.The density of sheet material described in this area is 0.66kg/dm
3, its density is far smaller than the lucite of the anti-wind box of this area making commonly used; By detection method well-known to those skilled in the art, the impact strength of polymer plate shown in formula I is at about 30kJ/m
2, the about 86MPa of tensile strength, Rockwell hardness 82.6HRR, indices is far away higher than methacrylate sheet.When using the described rainfall simulator of the application in the wild, use the sheet material of formula I polymer can effectively resist factor of natural environment as the impact of wind on the rainfall effect.
Claims (8)
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103531071A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-22 | 清华大学 | Large-sized landslide intelligent model testing system under combined effect of rainfall and reservoir water |
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| CN108680334A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-10-19 | 吉林大学 | A kind of rain system and rainfall control method for environmental wind tunnel test |
| CN108680334B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2024-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Rain system for environmental wind tunnel test and rainfall control method |
| CN109526495A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-29 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of ecological simulation experiment manually rainfall system |
| CN109526495B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-09-29 | 华北水利水电大学 | Artificial rainfall system for ecological simulation test |
| CN109061112A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of artificially-simulated rainfall device for side slope full scale model test |
| CN109622255A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | A kind of rainfall simulation device |
| CN109622255B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2023-11-24 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Artificial rainfall simulator |
| CN110658127A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-07 | 西南交通大学 | An acid rain corrosion test device for rocky slopes |
| CN111323561A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-23 | 内江师范学院 | Rock slope slippage test system |
| CN111642308A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-09-11 | 河海大学 | Portable artificial rainfall experiment system with small rainfall intensity |
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