CN103464453B - A kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil micro-ecological environment restoration and prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, in particular to a method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases and its application. The method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases of the present invention is to apply organic fertilizers to the soil and release earthworms; wherein, the soil meets the following conditions: 1) the moisture content of the soil is kept at 20% to 50%, and 2) the salt content of the soil is kept at 4‰ or less; the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 1.0-2.5 tons/mu; the dosage of the earthworm is 100-500kg/mu. The method of the present invention is based on the characteristics of agricultural production and earthworm soil life and the requirements of modern agricultural ecological environment construction, and establishes a new method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases. It belongs to biological control. The method of the present invention is economical and effective. A variety of soil-borne diseases can be repaired, and the prevention and control technology has little side effects, no pesticide residues, and no environmental pollution, so it has great application prospects.

Description

A method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil micro-ecological environment restoration and prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, in particular to a method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases and its application.

Background technique

Soil-borne diseases refer to diseases caused by pathogens living in the soil that attack crops from the roots or stem bases of crops under favorable conditions. It mainly includes some pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, etc. that have the ability to infect plants, infecting the roots of plants and causing symptoms such as plant wilting, damping, green withering, and rot. Soil-borne diseases mainly include damping-off and blight of various vegetable seedlings; fusarium wilt of melon, fruit, and legume vegetables; verticillium wilt of eggplant, etc.; bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables; cucumber, celery, Root-knot nematode of fungus; soft rot of Chinese cabbage; stem blight of asparagus, etc. Except for damping-off and blight, which mainly occur in the seedling stage, most of these diseases are not obvious in the seedling stage, and generally begin to occur when the vegetative growth is transferred to the reproductive growth (flowering and fruiting), and until the late growth period, after being infected, the host The incubation period in the body is longer.

The pathogenic bacteria of soil-borne diseases mainly live through the winter (summer) in the soil, relying on soil corrosion and residual substances of broken branches and leaves to inhabit, and survive in the soil for a long time. Generally, Fusarium wilt bacteria can survive in the soil for 5-6 years For a long time, it is called soil habitant fungus. Soil-borne diseases have the following characteristics: ①Soil-borne diseases are endemic diseases for many years. In greenhouses and greenhouses where various vegetables are continuously cropped all year round, the temperature, humidity and nutritional conditions of the soil are very favorable for the propagation of pathogenic bacteria, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is particularly common and serious. ② Lack of economical and effective prevention methods. There are many kinds of pathogenic bacteria that cause soil-borne diseases, most of which belong to facultative parasites, with a wide range of hosts, strong adaptability to the soil environment, and various survival modes; in addition, the harmful parts of infectious diseases are mainly leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. , and the harmful parts of soil-borne diseases are mainly the roots and stems of the underground parts of the plant, which infect the vascular bundles of the host plant and gradually extend upwards. Wither and die inside. ③ The causes of soil-borne diseases are complex. Most soil-borne diseases are caused by compound infection of various harmful microorganisms, and soil environmental factors such as pH, temperature, humidity, and nutritional status are also the main factors affecting the pathogenic process. Therefore, in the process of agricultural production and plant cultivation, the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases is an urgent problem to be solved.

At present, the control of soil-borne diseases mainly includes crop rotation, breeding of disease-resistant varieties and the use of chemical agents. Among them, crop rotation and disease prevention are widely used, but it has great limitations for some special economic crops or specific areas that cannot meet the requirements of reasonable crop rotation. The progress of conventional disease resistance breeding is slow due to two problems: one is the use of a single resistance gene to make soil-borne pathogens develop into new races; Modern biotechnology breeding for resistance to soil-borne diseases is still in the exploratory stage. Due to the depth and breadth of the distribution of soil-borne pathogens in the soil, chemical agents are also difficult to effectively control. In addition, the long-term use of chemical agents has brought a series of side effects, such as destroying the ecological balance, causing rampant secondary diseases, and drug residues. Cause water source soil pollution, cause human and animal poisoning, resistance loss and other problems. Cao Zhiping proposed a soil-borne disease control method (application number CN200410004767), covering the soil to be disinfected with a VIF film, and then applying 35-40g/ ^m2 soil methyl bromide to the soil in the film, or 70- 80g/m ² soil 37% water agent metabam for soil disinfection. Li Baoju et al. proposed a soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of vegetables in facilities (application number CN200510012204), which mainly adopts measures such as stuffy sheds, irrigation, and sprinkling of quicklime to carry out soil disinfection. Guo Jianhua and others proposed a composting method (application number CN02112558) for preventing and controlling plant soil-borne diseases, which mainly made bio-control bacterial strains Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Escherichia and Corynebacterium Antibacterial agent, and then add this antibacterial agent to the organic fertilizer, and then compost. The above methods mainly use physical and chemical methods, which can play a certain role in a short period of time, but the sustainability is poor.

Earthworms are one of the animal groups with the largest biomass in soil and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions. Earthworms can loosen the soil, increase soil organic matter and improve the structure, and can also promote acidic or alkaline soil to become neutral soil, increase phosphorus, potassium and other quick-acting components, making the soil suitable for the growth of crops. Using the life activities of earthworms to treat "disease" soil is an ancient and new biotechnology. The main reason for the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is the serious occurrence of pathogenic fungi, bacteria or nematodes with the ability to infect soil, while fungi, Bacteria and nematodes are one of the natural foods of earthworms. Introducing earthworms into farmland and using the feeding characteristics of earthworms can reduce the number of some pathogenic bacteria, and increase the microbial diversity of the soil environment through the activities of earthworms and the production of vermicompost. A large number of microorganisms in the soil can compete and antagonize the pathogenic bacteria, improve the microbial flora relationship in the diseased soil, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing soil-borne diseases.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil restoration technology that uses earthworms instead of traditional physical and chemical methods to carry out serious soil-borne diseases, solve the problem of serious soil-borne diseases in agricultural soil, and at the same time improve soil structure, enhance soil biological activity and Increasing soil fertility can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and improve the ecological environment of farmland. The technology is easy to manage and can realize one-time investment and multi-year benefits.

The present invention first discloses a method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases, which is to apply organic fertilizer to the soil and release earthworms; wherein, before applying organic fertilizer and releasing earthworms, the soil needs to meet the following conditions: 1) soil moisture content 2) The soluble salt content of the soil is kept below 4‰; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.0-2.5 tons/mu; the input amount of the earthworm is 100-500kg/mu.

After adopting the restoration method of the present invention, the crops can be planted directly in the soil with soil-borne diseases; preferably, the aforementioned method is used to restore the soil with soil-borne diseases 2 to 3 weeks before the crops are planted.

Preferably, the soil with soil-borne diseases is specifically watermelon wilt soil.

The soil moisture content is the percentage of the weight of water in the soil to the dry soil weight. When the soil moisture content of the farmland is low and the soil is relatively dry, it can be controlled by conventional methods such as farmland irrigation in combination with the water demand of the crops.

The soil soluble salt content is the water-soluble salt content contained in the soil leached out within a certain period of time with a certain water-to-soil ratio, and its detection method can refer to "Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Method" (Edited by Soil Society of China, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press). At present, the simple method to control the content of soluble salt in soil is flood irrigation, washing salt, and taking away base ions through irrigation.

The organic fertilizer used in the present invention can adopt commercially available various organic fertilizers, such as Ludao brand organic fertilizer, Huita brand organic fertilizer or the like, and the effect of the organic fertilizer is to provide food for earthworms on the one hand, and to improve soil quality, and help earthworms adapt to the new soil environment as soon as possible.

Preferably, the feeding amount of the earthworms is 100kg per 667m ² , and at the same time, 2t of organic fertilizer is added.

The release time of earthworms in summer and autumn is 6:00-7:00 in the evening, and the release time of winter and spring is 5:00-6:00 in the afternoon, and the soil temperature is lower than 30°C.

Preferably, the release of earthworms in the farmland is to firstly ditch the soil, put the earthworms into the ditch and apply a certain amount of organic fertilizer, then moisten the soil and organic fertilizer with water, and finally cover the soil.

Further, the ditching is 5-10 ditches arranged side by side in the middle of the farmland, the distance between each ditch is 10-20m, and the distance between the ditches on both sides is 5-10m from the edge of the farmland.

It should be noted that the ditch opened should be far away from the irrigation ditch, and the distance from the ditch should be greater than 5m.

Furthermore, the groove depth is 12-18 cm, and the groove width is 40-50 cm.

Furthermore, the cross-section of the groove is trapezoidal. The cross-section of the ditch is trapezoidal, which is conducive to the activities of earthworms and the storage of organic fertilizers, and at the same time, the nutrients will not be washed away by rainwater, thereby polluting the river.

Further, 5%-10% of the mass of the organic fertilizer is applied to the ditch together with earthworms, and the remaining organic fertilizer is applied to the soil by sowing.

Further, after putting the earthworms and the organic fertilizer into the ditch, the soil and the organic fertilizer are moistened with water, and the moisture content of the soil after wetting is 60%-80%.

The earthworm species released in the present invention can be selected from medicinal earthworms and/or animal feed earthworms. It is mainly used for the prevention and restoration of soil diseased soil with soil-borne diseases.

Preferably, the earthworm species is Metaphire guillelmi, also known as Hudilong.

The present invention is a new method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases based on the characteristics of agricultural production and earthworm soil life and the requirements of modern agricultural ecological environment construction, especially a method for releasing earthworms in farmland with soil-borne diseases. , Breeding and soil restoration methods. According to the living characteristics of earthworms, an appropriate living environment is created, and earthworm species are put into farmland for cultivation, which is used to repair the soil where soil-borne diseases occur. The main reason for the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is that pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and nematodes with infective ability in the soil occur seriously, and fungi, bacteria, and nematodes are the natural food of earthworms. When earthworms are introduced into facility farmland, earthworms use microorganisms as food. Reduce the number of some pathogenic bacteria, and through the activities of earthworms and the production of vermicompost, the microbial diversity of the soil environment can be increased. A large number of microorganisms in the vermicompost can compete and antagonize the pathogenic bacteria, improving the microbial flora relationship in the diseased soil, thereby To achieve the purpose of repairing soil-borne diseases.

The second aspect of the present invention discloses the application of the aforementioned method for repairing soil with soil-borne diseases in the field of biological control of soil-borne diseases.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: earthworm activities can not only loosen the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, slow down the problems of soil compaction caused by frequent mechanical farming, but more importantly, it can better repair soil-borne diseases and diseased soil , reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, increase the microbial diversity of the soil environment, reduce the incidence of crop disease, improve crop quality and yield, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further set forth below in conjunction with embodiment. It should be understood that the examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Experimental method

In a modern agricultural park in Shanghai, the incidence of watermelon wilt disease in the previous crop was about 35%, and the obstacles to continuous cropping of watermelon were relatively serious. The physical and chemical properties of the soil are pH7.2 (soil/water=1/5), total nitrogen 1.38g·kg ^-1 , available phosphorus 25.60mg·kg ^-1 , available potassium 180.00mg·kg ^-1 , ^EC1.25ms ·cm -1 ¹ .

Conditions for releasing earthworms:

Soil moisture content is kept at 20%-50%;

Farmland soil salinity is kept below 4‰;

Apply 2 tons of organic fertilizer (Huita brand organic fertilizer) per mu;

Release 100kg of earthworms per mu.

Before releasing earthworms, ditch the soil first, and open 5-10 ditches side by side in the middle of the farmland. The distance between each ditch is 10-20m, and the distance between the ditch on both sides is 5-10m from the edge of the farmland; the depth of the ditch It is 12-18cm, and the groove width is 40-50cm, and the cross-section of the groove is trapezoidal. Put earthworms into the ditch and apply organic fertilizer accounting for about 8% of the total mass of organic fertilizer, moisten the soil and organic fertilizer with water, then cover the soil, and apply the remaining organic fertilizer to the soil by sowing.

The method of the present invention is used to repair the soil 2 to 3 weeks before the crops are planted; and conventional cultivation control is used as a comparison, and the watermelon wilt is prevented and controlled with the biological control method of releasing earthworms. The conventional method is: use 1.5-2 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu of farmland area for planting, mix with 150-200 kg of fine dry soil (medicine: soil = 1:100), and apply by spreading soil.

2. Experimental results

Soil quality test method reference: Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1981; soil microbiological test method reference: Fan Xiurong, Shen Ping. Microbiology Experiment [M]. Beijing : People's Education Press, 1980; Watermelon center sugar and side sugar are measured with a brix meter. The test results are shown in Table 1-5 below.

Table 1 Effect of releasing earthworms on soil quality

A good soil quality environment is the basis for the healthy growth of watermelons. It can be seen from Table 1 that the soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, soil organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity after releasing earthworms were 1.18g/cm ³ , 56.77%, 45.42%, 1.36%, and 22.6me/100g soil respectively. Compared with conventional cultivation, various soil indicators have been greatly improved, which shows that earthworms have improved the soil environment and laid a solid foundation for the healthy growth of watermelons.

Table 2 Effect of releasing earthworms on soil microflora

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p<0.05); different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (p<0.01), the same below.

The release of earthworms can improve the diversity of soil microbial flora. It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the conventional cultivation treatment, the release of earthworms greatly increased the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, especially the number of actinomycetes showed a jumping growth. The improvement of the flora and the existence of a large number of microorganisms can produce "competition" and "antagonism" with the Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. In addition to transforming nutrients in the soil, most of the actinomycetes can also secrete actinomycin to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and have a broad spectrum, which has a certain effect on inhibiting soil-borne pathogenic fungi and reducing the occurrence of watermelon wilt.

Table 3 The effect of releasing earthworms on the number of Fusarium oxysporum in soil

As shown in Table 3, the release of earthworms greatly reduced the number of Fusarium oxysporum in the soil. The main reason is that the release of earthworms increased the microbial activity and diversity, and enhanced the metabolism, growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms. These microorganisms are closely related to pathogenic bacteria. Strongest contender for energy source; competes for nutrients and living space.

Table 4 The effect of releasing earthworms on the incidence of watermelon

Note: Level 1 means the plant is dead; Level 2 means the leaves are dead but the vines are not dead; Level 3 means the healthy plant

It can be seen from Table 4 that the release of earthworms significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of watermelon, improved the micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere, increased the number of microorganisms, promoted root growth and nutrient absorption, changed the microbial flora, and enhanced disease resistance sex.

Table 5 Effect of releasing earthworms on watermelon quality and yield

From the analysis of watermelon fruit quality (see Table 5), the release of earthworms can increase the soluble solid content of watermelon, which is 4.8% higher than that of the control, and the edge sugar content is increased by 6.3%. Because the incidence of Fusarium wilt of watermelon after releasing earthworms was lower than that of the control, the yield of watermelon was also greatly increased. The yield of watermelon reached 2614.8kg/666.7m ² , an increase of 25.87% compared with conventional cultivation.

Claims (8)

1. repair a method for soil-borne disease soil, for applying fertilizer and release earthworm in soil; Wherein, before applying fertilizer and release earthworm, described soil needs to meet following condition: 1) soil moisture content remains on 20% ~ 50%, 2) soil dissoluble content remains on less than 4 ‰; The release of earthworm is first ditched by the soil in farmland, to be thrown in by earthworm in ditch and to apply a certain amount of fertilizer, then using the moistening soil of water and fertilizer, last earthing; The applied amount of described fertilizer is 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons/mu; The injected volume of described earthworm is 100 ~ 500kg/ mu; Described soil-borne disease soil is specially watermelon blight soil.

2. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the applied amount of described fertilizer is 2 tons/mu, and the injected volume of described earthworm is 100kg/ mu.

3. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described trench digging is in the middle part of farmland, offer 5-10 bar ditch arranged side by side, and the spacing between every bar ditch is 10-20m, and the distance being positioned at the ditch distance edge, farmland on both sides is 5-10m.

4. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described trench depth is 12 ~ 18cm, and ditch width is 40 ~ 50cm.

5. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the cross section of described ditch is trapezoidal.

6. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be applied to together with earthworm in ditch by the 5%-10% of described organic fertilizer quality, remaining fertilizer is applied in soil by the mode of broadcasting sowing.

7. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described earthworm earthworm kind is William chamber ring earthworm.

8. described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-7, repair the application of method in biological control soil-borne disease field of soil-borne disease soil.