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CN103444063B - 一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路及其应用的电机控制器 - Google Patents

一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路及其应用的电机控制器 Download PDF

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CN103444063B
CN103444063B CN201180004461.0A CN201180004461A CN103444063B CN 103444063 B CN103444063 B CN 103444063B CN 201180004461 A CN201180004461 A CN 201180004461A CN 103444063 B CN103444063 B CN 103444063B
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filtering circuit
circuit
schmidt trigger
pulse
resistance
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CN103444063A (zh
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郭跃飞
林洲平
余冲
康俊
程坤
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Shanghai Auto Edrive Co Ltd
Shanghai Edrive Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/01—Details
    • H03K3/017—Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路及其应用的电机控制器。该电机控制器包括PWM信号发生器和逆变器单元，PWM信号发生器的多个信号输出端都分别安装带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的输出端连接逆变器单元的输入端。带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路包括信号整形电路（1）、过滤电路（2）和脉冲宽度补偿电路（3），输入信号经过信号整形电路（1）处理后送到过滤电路（2），过滤电路（2）将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路（3）补偿后输出。通过在PWM信号发生器与逆变器单元之间连接带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，能够将PWM信号发生器输出的信号中的窄脉冲过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，使输入到逆变器单元的脉冲都为正常脉冲，有效保护功率元件IGBT，使控制更加精确。

Description

一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路及其应用的电机控制器
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路及其应用的电机控制器。
背景技术：
如图1所示，现有的永磁同步电机控制器包括PWM信号发生器、逆变器单元和电机本体(M)，电机本体(M)包括永磁转子、定子和绕组(U、V、W)，PWM信号发生器可以单片机MCU或专用集成电路芯片IC，PWM信号发生器产生一定宽度的脉冲信号，从而使逆变器单元的IGBT(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6)轮流导通，从而使绕组(U、V、W)轮流通电。
现有的电机控制器在处理过程中，PWM信号发生器(即单片机MCU)通过软件调制解调计算出的控制IGBT的驱动信号中包含有窄脉冲，这些窄脉冲对于IGBT来说，起着负面效果，如图2所示，在PWM信号发生器产生正常的驱动脉冲B以前，会产生个窄脉冲A，这些窄脉冲A还没有完全打开IGBT就马上关闭，这样一来会造成IGBT过热，影响使用寿命，长时间后就会引起IGBT损坏，严重的会造成IGBT烧毁，而且给电机控制造成负面影响。所以需要对调制过来的脉冲进行处理。要求窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路正是为实现这些功能而设计的。
发明内容：
本发明的一个目的是提供带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，能够将输入信号的窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过。
本发明带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，包括信号整形电路、过滤电路和脉冲宽度补偿电路，输入信号经过信号整形电路处理后送到过滤电路，过滤电路将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路补偿后输出。
上述所述的过滤电路是RC过滤电路，所述的信号整形电路是施密特触发器。
上述的脉冲宽度补偿电路包括施密特触发器、三极管、电阻、电阻和电容，经过过滤电路处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器，施密特触发器的输出端将输出信号，电容和电阻串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器的输出端和接地端，电容和电阻之间的节点连接电阻后与三极管的基极连接，三极管的发射极接地，三极管的集电极连接施密特触发器的输入端。
本发明带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：1)能够将输入信号的窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，使控制更加准确，有效保护下游电路的电子元器件；2)过滤电路是RC过滤电路，所述的信号整形电路是施密特触发器，两者配合，电路结构简单合理，有效处理窄脉冲被过滤掉；3)脉冲宽度补偿电路包括施密特触发器、三极管、电阻、电阻和电容，电路结构简单可靠，制造成本低。
本发明的另一个目的是提供电机控制器，在PWM信号发生器与逆变器单元之间接入带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路能够将PWM信号发生器输出的信号中窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，使到输入逆变器单元的脉冲都为正常脉冲，有效保护功率元件IGBT，使到控制更加精确。
本发明的电机控制器是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种电机控制器，包括PWM信号发生器和逆变器单元，PWM信号发生器的多个信号输出端都分别安装带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的输出端连接逆变器单元的输入端，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路包括信号整形电路、过滤电路和脉冲宽度补偿电路，输入信号经过信号整形电路处理后送到过滤电路，过滤电路将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路补偿后输出。
上述所述的过滤电路是RC过滤电路，所述的信号整形电路是施密特触发器。
上述的脉冲宽度补偿电路包括施密特触发器、三极管、电阻、电阻和电容，经过过滤电路处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器，施密特触发器的输出端将输出信号，电容和电阻串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器的输出端和接地端，电容和电阻之间的节点连接电阻后与三极管的基极连接，三极管的发射极接地，三极管的集电极连接施密特触发器的输入端。
本发明的电机控制器与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：1)在PWM信号发生器与逆变器单元之间接入带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路能够将PWM信号发生器输出的信号中窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，使到输入逆变器单元的脉冲都为正常脉冲，有效保护功率元件IGBT，使到控制更加精确。2)过滤电路是RC过滤电路，所述的信号整形电路是施密特触发器，两者配合，电路结构简单合理，有效处理窄脉冲被过滤掉；3)脉冲宽度补偿电路包括施密特触发器、三极管、电阻、电阻和电容，电路结构简单可靠，制造成本低。
附图说明：
图1是传统电机控制器的部分原理框图。
图2是传统PWM信号发生器产生的信号示意图。
图3是本发明的带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的原理框图。
图4是图3的对应的电路图。
图5是本发明的电机控制器的原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
如图3、图4所示，本发明一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，包括信号整形电路1、过滤电路2和脉冲宽度补偿电路3，输入信号经过信号整形电路1处理后送到过滤电路2，过滤电路2将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路3补偿后输出，所述的信号整形电路1是施密特触发器IC1A和电阻R1，电阻R1分别连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输入端与地之间，输入信号连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输入端，过滤电路2是RC过滤电路，包括电阻R2和电容C1，脉冲宽度补偿电路3包括施密特触发器IC1B、三极管Q1、电阻R3、电阻R4和电容C2，经过过滤电路2处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器IC1B，施密特触发器IC1B的输出端将输出信号，电容C2和电阻R4串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器IC1B的输出端和接地端，电容C2和电阻R4之间的节点连接电阻R3后与三极管Q2的基极连接，三极管Q2的发射极接地，三极管Q2的集电极连接施密特触发器IC1B的输入端，电阻R2连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输出端与施密特触发器IC1B的输入端之间，电容C1一端连接在电阻R2与施密特触发器IC1B的输入端之间，电容C1另一端接地。
本发明的原理是：如图3和图4所示，驱动输入信号从IN端进入到位置1，经过电阻R1和施密特触发器IC1A整形和抗干扰处理后达到位置2，假设此时的驱动信号脉冲宽度为Ti；电阻R2和电容C1组成窄脉冲过滤电路，它过滤电路过滤脉冲的宽度为T1，所以驱动输入信号到达位置3时的脉冲宽度为Ti－T1。若Ti－T1≤0时，窄脉冲被全部吸收，施密特触发器IC1B输出低电平，即位置4为低电平。若Ti－T1＞0时，脉冲未被全部吸收，施密特触发器IC1B输出低高电平。即位置4为高电平，反相器中三极管Q1导通，通过三极管Q1、电容C2、电阻R3和电阻R4组成的补偿电路对脉冲进行补偿，设补偿电路补偿的脉冲宽度为T2，则经过补偿后的脉冲总宽度为Ti－T1+T2，由于要满足输出端OUT的信号的脉冲宽度T0＝Ti，故需要T1＝T2，而这一点是可以通过设定电阻R2、电容C1、电容C2、电阻R3和电阻R4值来得到的，所以通过补偿电路后使T0＝Ti，即脉冲宽度超过最小脉冲宽度后，将原封不动的输出。这样就达到了去掉了有危害的宽度较窄的脉冲而保留了没有危害且有驱动能力的脉冲，最终达到防止IGBT过热和保护IGBT的目的。例如，窄脉冲都小于最小脉冲宽度T1，假设为3微秒，假设输入信号含有的窄脉冲宽度只有2微秒，那将被过滤掉；若输入信号有3.5微秒宽度的脉冲，3.5微秒宽度的脉冲被保留输出。
如图3、图4、图5所示，本发明电机控制器包括PWM信号发生器和逆变器单元，PWM信号发生器的多个信号输出端都分别安装带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的输出端连接逆变器单元的输入端，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路包括信号整形电路1、过滤电路2和脉冲宽度补偿电路3，输入信号经过信号整形电路1处理后送到过滤电路2，过滤电路2将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路3补偿后输出所述的信号整形电路1是施密特触发器IC1A和电阻R1，电阻R1分别连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输入端与地之间，输入信号连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输入端，过滤电路2是RC过滤电路，包括电阻R2和电容C1，脉冲宽度补偿电路3包括施密特触发器IC1B、三极管Q1、电阻R3、电阻R4和电容C2，经过过滤电路2处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器IC1B，施密特触发器IC1B的输出端将输出信号，电容C2和电阻R4串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器IC1B的输出端和接地端，电容C2和电阻R4之间的节点连接电阻R3后与三极管Q2的基极连接，三极管Q2的发射极接地，三极管Q2的集电极连接施密特触发器IC1B的输入端，电阻R2连接在施密特触发器IC1A的输出端与施密特触发器IC1B的输入端之间，电容C1一端连接在电阻R2与施密特触发器IC1B的输入端之间，电容C1另一端接地。
在PWM信号发生器与逆变器单元之间接入带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路能够将PWM信号发生器输出的信号中窄脉冲被过滤掉，正常脉冲则完整通过，使到输入逆变器单元的脉冲都为正常脉冲，有效保护功率元件IGBT，使到控制更加精确。

Claims (4)

1.一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，其特征在于：包括信号整形电路(1)、过滤电路(2)和脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)，输入信号经过信号整形电路(1)处理后送到过滤电路(2)，过滤电路(2)将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)补偿后输出，所述的信号整形电路(1)是施密特触发器(IC1A)和电阻(R1)，电阻(R1)分别连接在施密特触发器(IC1A)的输入端与地之间，输入信号连接在施密特触发器(IC1A)的输入端，脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)包括施密特触发器(IC1B)、三极管(Q1)、电阻(R3)、电阻(R4)和电容(C2)，经过过滤电路(2)处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器(IC1B)，施密特触发器(IC1B)的输出端将输出信号，电容(C2)和电阻(R4)串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器(IC1B)的输出端和接地端，电容(C2)和电阻(R4)之间的节点连接电阻(R3)后与三极管(Q1)的基极连接，三极管(Q1)的发射极接地，三极管(Q1)的集电极连接施密特触发器(IC1B)的输入端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，其特征在于：过滤电路(2)是RC过滤电路。
3.一种应用权利要求1至2任何一项带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的电机控制器，包括PWM信号发生器和逆变器单元，其特征在于：PWM信号发生器的多个信号输出端都分别安装带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路的输出端连接逆变器单元的输入端，带自动补偿的窄脉冲过滤电路包括信号整形电路(1)、过滤电路(2)和脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)，输入信号经过信号整形电路(1)处理后送到过滤电路(2)，过滤电路(2)将输入信号的窄脉冲过滤掉，输入信号的宽脉冲经过脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)补偿后输出，所述的信号整形电路(1)是施密特触发器(IC1A)和电阻(R1)，电阻(R1)分别连接在施密特触发器(IC1A)的输入端与地之间，输入信号连接在施密特触发器(IC1A)的输入端，脉冲宽度补偿电路(3)包括施密特触发器(IC1B)、三极管(Q1)、电阻(R3)、电阻(R4)和电容(C2)，经过过滤电路(2)处理后的输入信号连接施密特触发器(IC1B)，施密特触发器(IC1B)的输出端将输出信号，电容(C2)和电阻(R4)串联后两端分别连接在施密特触发器(IC1B)的输出端和接地端，电容(C2)和电阻(R4)之间的节点连接电阻(R3)后与三极管(Q1)的基极连接，三极管(Q1)的发射极接地，三极管(Q1)的集电极连接施密特触发器(IC1B)的输入端。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电机控制器，其特征在于：所述的过滤电路(2)是RC过滤电路。
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