CN103429822B - For making the device of the scraper bowl automatic turning be arranged on bucket wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bucket wheel (3) which is equipped with a pivotable bucket (1) on a circumferential side or rolling circumferential side. The swing axis (2) of the bucket is parallel to the rotation axis of the bucket wheel (3). According to the invention, the bucket ( 1 ) has at least one engagement element ( 10 ) arranged laterally and protruding there. Furthermore, at least one curved runner (60) is arranged next to the bucket wheel (3), into which the engagement element (10) engages when guiding the bucket (1) past the curved runner from the side. The curved link and said curved link ( 60 ) therefore forcefully guide the engagement element ( 10 ) on the curved link. The engagement element (10) is moved along the curved chute (60) by the relative movement between the curved chute (60) and the bucket wheel (3) with the bucket (1) and thus The bucket (1) moves from a first swing position to a second swing position. Various configurations of the curved chute ( 60 ) are conceivable, in any case the inlet of the curved chute must be arranged such that the engagement element ( 10 ) of the bucket is at the first The swing position is guided into the curved chute (60), that is to say, the distance between the entrance of the curved chute and the rotation axis of the bucket wheel must be the same as the distance between the engagement element (10) and the The axes of rotation of the bucket wheels are at the same distance.

Description

Device for automatically turning over buckets arranged on bucket wheels

technical field

The invention relates to a receiving mechanism for buckets arranged on bucket wheels or other types of bucket wheels reversible in the direction of rotation for excavators, loaders, reclaimers or similar machines Automatic turning device. Driven by the existing bucket wheel drive, it is possible by means of this device to swivel the material receiving means in the form of a shovel, cup or bucket, depending on the direction of rotation. The shovels, cups or buckets used for these machines are hereinafter simply referred to as buckets.

Background technique

Conveying devices with bucket wheels, for example in bridge reclaimers on transfer storage sites, need to be equipped with double-acting or reversible buckets in order to be able to work along longitudinal piles in both working directions.

In existing structures, unlocking, turning and locking are performed either manually by the operator or automatically.

In machines with manually pivotable buckets, these buckets are now placed in predetermined fixed working positions for the corresponding direction of rotation and working direction and are fixed there and in a predetermined fixed orientation. The corners remain in this fixed position.

With buckets that can be swung manually, the operator has to overcome a significant load on the bucket. Due to its own weight, the overturning movement is uncontrolled and therefore dangerous. The bucket hits the support structure of the bucket wheel when turned over. In order to unlock the bucket, the operator has to get into the swing area of the bucket. There is therefore a great risk of accidents for the operator.

The locking device is thus dirty and jammed. The locking device in the other end position is problematic. The time required to switch over all the buckets arranged on the circumference of the bucket wheel is very high.

A drum reclaimer is known from the publication DE2513400C2, in which the bucket is turned over automatically. The buckets are swiveled and fixed in each of two end positions depending on the direction of rotation. The transition from one end position to the other takes place automatically, depending on the direction of rotation, by the resistance exerted by the conveyed material on the bucket.

The buckets have blades arranged opposite to each other and can therefore receive material in both directions depending on the direction of rotation of the drum.

Disadvantages of this solution are wear and tear of the fastening of the bucket relative to the drum and soiling of this fastening by the conveyed material, and thus the constantly changing holding forces and associated pivoting times.

Furthermore, when the direction of rotation of the drum changes and the force of conveying the material suddenly acts in the opposite direction, the bucket is jerked out of the mounting and after a swivel path it is abruptly restarted in a non-braking and non-elastic manner. Snap into the fixture on the opposite side. This in turn creates additional wear on the fastening means.

If a plurality of buckets, each arranged on a horizontal line, are suddenly turned over at the same time, this results in extremely high shock loads for the buckets, the drum and their drives.

The freely movable bucket is mounted rotatably on a drum or bucket wheel and can be pivoted as desired between two fixed end stops. This free oscillating movement automatically produces free cutting and tilting of the bucket into the corresponding working position for both directions of rotation.

These buckets can be designed with large volumes for all conveyed materials and large mass flows.

However, with each revolution of the drum, these buckets are violently bumped rearwardly on the side of the pile against end stops on the rear side due to the force of gravity, the cutting forces in the pile and the weight of the conveyed material on file. After the buckets have been removed from the pile and emptied in the upper area of the drum, the buckets then swivel under the force of gravity to the forward end stop with a violent impact on the side opposite the pile. on the stopper.

This permanent rocking with two violent collisions per bucket per revolution of the drum leads to severe wear of the end stops and buckets, high dynamic loads in the drum and its drive up to the drive motor Periodic peaks in current consumption. These loads are extremely high when multiple parallel buckets are turned simultaneously row by row. Structural damage and cracks in the drum and bucket wheel are common results.

The principle of a tiltable bucket for an excavator bucket wheel with two directions of rotation and a spring return is known from DE 2543529.

The principle of the reversible excavator bucket is currently not practical because it is technically unrealizable in the embodiment shown and the desired effect is questionable in relation to the constructional disadvantages.

Disadvantages are the immediate pivoting of the excavator bucket into the corresponding end position and the extremely high depth of action of the bucket when it initially enters the pile at a constant cutting angle. These result in a lot of material being picked up as soon as the blade enters the bank and material builds up in the filled bucket and moves upwards as it continues through the bank, countering the rotation of the bucket wheel after the blade has been removed from the bank direction back. Therefore, the intended free cutting of the bucket cannot be achieved and much unnecessary stirring work is input in the stockpile.

The application of the principle of an elastically tiltable bucket with a small depth of engagement for drum reclaimers is not mentioned in the aforementioned patent documents precisely because of the aforementioned disadvantages.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a device which makes it possible to automatically tilt the buckets of the bucket wheel without the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art. Furthermore, the device should enable locking of the bucket in the end position of the pivoting movement and unlocking it from the end position of the pivoting movement.

According to the invention, this object is solved by a device having the features of claim 1 . Preferred refinements of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a bucket wheel which is equipped with pivotable buckets on the peripheral side or drum peripheral side. The swing axis of the bucket is parallel to the rotation axis of the bucket wheel. The bucket thus occupies two pivot positions with respect to the direction of rotation of the bucket wheel, wherein in a first pivot position the center of gravity of the bucket is located in front of the pivot axis as seen in the direction of rotation and in a second pivot position behind the pivot axis. The center of gravity of the bucket is here above its pivot axis. The device for tipping a bucket according to the invention enables the bucket to be tipped from a first pivot position to a second pivot position. The buckets are often embodied largely symmetrically about a plane of symmetry containing the pivot axis, in order to achieve the same conditions for changing the direction of rotation and the working direction without retrofitting, manual intervention or locking.

In order to change the working direction of the bucket wheel, the bucket wheel must not interact with the material to be received. The bucket must be largely empty.

According to the invention, the bucket has at least one engaging element arranged laterally and protruding there. For example, in a simple embodiment, the engaging element is a steel pin which protrudes from the side wall of the bucket (in the direction of the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel). Furthermore, at least one curved link is arranged next to the bucket wheel, into which an engaging element engages when guiding the bucket from the side past this curved link and which thus makes the engaging The connecting elements are forcibly guided on the curved slideway. Due to the relative movement between the curved link and the bucket wheel with the bucket, the engagement element is moved along the curved link and thus the bucket from the first pivot position into the second pivot position. Various configurations of the curved chute are conceivable, in any case the inlet of the curved chute must be arranged in such a way that the engagement element of the bucket is guided into the curved chute in the first swivel position, also That is to say, the entrance of the curved slide must be at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel as the engagement element is from the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel. Preferably, the outlet of the curved chute is also arranged in such a way that the device can be used in both directions of rotation. Preferably, the curve is symmetrical with respect to the radius of the bucket wheel at the apex of the curved chute (the point with the greatest distance from the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel).

Between the inlet and the outlet of the curved chute, the distance of the curve from the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel increases, so that the engagement element and thus the bucket are raised and thus turned over.

The switching device can here be arranged on one side of the bucket wheel, or can be arranged on both sides of the bucket wheel, wherein the engaging elements must then also be arranged on both sides of the bucket. The variant on both sides is especially suitable here for wide buckets.

The switching device can be arranged in the upper or side region of the bucket wheel, wherein the upper region is preferred.

Preferably, the switching device is brought into its working position on the bucket wheel by movement (hydraulic, manual, electric, pneumatic or otherwise). Here, the actuator and the control device of the bucket wheel drive ensure that the free intermediate space between the two buckets is always approached.

Preferably, the switching device has a locking link which assumes an active unlocking and locking function of the holding element. Furthermore, it is preferred that the switching device is arranged on a movable carriage. The relative arrangement of the slides ensures that the individual functions are matched to one another exactly in time.

The main advantage of the solution according to the invention is the simple and robust constructional embodiment of the adjustment mechanism and locking mechanism for the automatically swiveling bucket dependent on the direction of rotation. The arrangement of the adjustment mechanism can be realized in the upper region of the bucket wheel or drum where the material is not conveyed, since the self-weight of the bucket is not utilized.

Changing the working direction of an entire machine can be performed in a much shorter time. Automation of bucket changeover is possible.

Machine availability and productivity are increased.

The operator does not have to enter the pivoting area of the bucket as well as the working area of the machine and can only have a monitoring role.

The risk of accidents and physical exertion for the operator are significantly reduced.

Since changes to the existing bucket design only involve the side walls of the bucket, retrofitting to existing machines may be possible, provided the required production quality is met and free space exists for adjusting the unit.

Description of drawings

The invention is explained in detail below with the aid of preferred exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Shown here:

Figure 1 shows a bucket wheel equipped with the device according to the invention before being pushed into the curved chute and locking chute,

Figure 2 shows the bucket wheel with the curved chute and locking chute moved in, before the bucket is overturned,

Figure 3 shows the bucket wheel with the curved chute and locking chute moved in during bucket overturning, and

FIG. 4 shows a bucket wheel with an engaged curved link and a locking link when the bucket has been tipped over.

Detailed ways

Buckets 1 arranged at regular intervals are arranged on the main body of the bucket wheel 3 . The direction of rotation of the bucket wheel 3 is represented by arrows as shown in FIG. 2 . As shown in the figure, each bucket 1 is supported in a pivot axis 2 on the periphery of a bucket wheel 3 . For each bucket 1 there is a first and a second locking pin 4,5. In the drawing of FIG. 2 the first locking pin 4 and in the drawing of FIG. 4 the second locking pin 5 is operatively connected to the upper bucket 1 in the region of the bearing block 12 . In the drawing as in FIG. 3 , neither locking pin 4 and 5 interacts with the bucket 1 .

The automatic tilting of the bucket 1 takes place in an intermediate position in the upper region of the bucket wheel 3 . In this area there is also no direct contact with the conveyed material during work.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the device 6 for changing the position of the bucket is arranged on a module that is movable relative to the support frame 7 on which the bucket wheel 3 is supported. The direction of movement is indicated by arrows in FIG. 1 .

For the conversion, the bucket wheel 3 cannot interact with the material to be received. Bucket 1 is emptied. By moving the module with the switching device 6 horizontally toward the bucket 1 , the switching device 6 is brought into its initial position on the bucket wheel 3 , as shown in FIG. 1 . The approaching of the conversion device 6 is realized here by electric, hydraulic or other drive means. The actuator and the control device of the bucket wheel drive ensure that the free intermediate space between the two buckets 1 is always approached.

In this fixed end position of the switching device 6 , the bucket 1 on the bucket wheel 3 is swiveled into its opposite end position.

The bucket 1 on the bucket wheel 3 is designed symmetrically with respect to the two working directions.

The side wall 11 of each bucket 1 facing the device 6 has an engagement element, which is designed here as a tipping pin 10 . Furthermore, symmetrically beside the pivot axis 2 , in the projection of the cutting edge of the bucket 1 , two holding elements are arranged, which are designed here as bearing blocks 12 . Via these bearing blocks 12 the corresponding locking pin 4 or 5 holds the bucket 1 in one of two end positions.

Two separate locking pins 4 , 5 are provided for each bucket 1 . The locking pins 4 , 5 are secured against rotation and are held in the locked position by spring force. In each of the two final positions of the bucket 1 , a locking pin 4 or 5 is brought into effect in order to secure the bucket 1 . The second locking pin 5 or 4 is not active. At the outer ends of the locking pins 4 , 5 there is a likewise anti-rotational driver, which is rigidly connected to the locking pins 4 , 5 .

The conversion device 6 consists of two parts:

Curved chute 60 for turning the bucket over and

Locking slides 61 for actuating the locking pins 4 , 5 .

These parts 60 , 61 are formed and positioned relative to each other so that when the bucket 1 is turned over, the individual functions are carried out in a planned sequence.

The principle of operation when swiveling the bucket 1 from one end position to the other is as follows:

The previous working direction of the bucket wheel 3 was turning to the right. This is shown by arcuate arrows in the drawing of FIG. 2 . The locking pin 4 secures the upper bucket 1 in this position. In order to tilt the bucket 1 into the other end position, the switching device 6 must be activated. The switching device is moved in the horizontal direction parallel to the pivot axis 2 of the bucket 1 in the direction of the bucket wheel 3 by means of a linear drive and is held fixed in its final position in an end position. Bucket wheel 3 runs at reduced speed. Here, firstly the driver of the locking pin 4 passes the locking link 61 and is unlocked actively against the spring force of the holding spring.

At the moment of complete unlocking as in FIG. 3 , the tipping pin 10 is already located in the curved link 60 and is guided there, so that the bucket 1 tilts over its pivot axis 2 and is lowered again on the other side.

Before lowering, at the same time, the follower of the other locking pin 5 passes through the locking link 61 , so that the locking pin 5 is unlocked before the bucket 1 is lowered. After the bucket 1 has pivoted, the follower of the locking pin 5 passes the locking link 61 in such a way that the bucket 1 is positively locked in the swiveled position, that is to say the locking link will The locking pin is pressed into its locked position. This is particularly advantageous when the movement of the locking pin is limited by pressure or the like and for this reason the force of the holding spring is insufficient to move the locking pin. The retaining spring is only used to secure the locked position. Figure 4 shows the final situation.

Immediately afterwards, the subsequent bucket 1 passes the switching device 6 , is turned there and locked in the new working position.

After all buckets 1 have been brought to another working position, the module with switching device 6 is moved again from bucket wheel 3 to its rest position. The re-conversion of the bucket unit is carried out in reverse order.

Reference signs:

1 bucket

10 Tilt pin/engagement element

11 side wall

12 Support block/holding element

2 swing axis

3 buckets

4 locking pins

5 locking pin

6 Conversion device, consisting of the following two parts:

60 curve chute

61 Locking chute

7 support frame

Claims (9)

1. Device for turning over a bucket (1) fixed on a bucket wheel (3), said bucket being able to pivot about a pivot axis (2) parallel to the axis of rotation of said bucket wheel (3) and Placed on the bucket wheel (3) in the final position, in which the center of gravity of the bucket (1) is located in front of its pivot axis (2) as seen in the direction of rotation, wherein the bucket ( 1) largely symmetrical and the pivot axis (2) lies in a plane of symmetry, the device has at least A curved chute (60), wherein each bucket (1) has at least one laterally arranged and protruding engagement element (10), which guides the bucket (1) from the The curved chute (60) is embedded into the curved chute when it passes by, and the engaging element (10) is forcibly guided in the curved chute (60) to control the The bucket (1) turns over. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engaging element (10) is arranged in the plane of symmetry and the curved slide (60) has a gap whose gap width is sufficient for The engagement element (10) can be guided through the slot with play, wherein the slot is positioned in the lateral area of the curved slide (60) so that the bucket wheel (3) rotation, the engagement element (10) of the bucket (1) is guided into the curved chute (60), and the arc in the middle of the curved chute (60) is away from the bucket wheel, and there the swing motion of the bucket (1) has its apex, wherein the distance between the apex of the curved chute (60) and the axis of rotation of the bucket wheel (3) corresponds to that of the bucket wheel The sum of the distance of the axis of rotation of (3) from the pivot axis (2) plus the distance of the pivot axis (2) from the engagement element (10). 3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also has locking means capable of securing the bucket (1) in the two final positions of the swinging movement. position. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the locking device has at least one retaining element (12) arranged on the bucket (1), said retaining element being positioned between the bucket ( 1) The two final positions of the pivoting movement can be secured in locking elements arranged on the bucket wheel (3). 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that two holding elements (12) are arranged on the side of the bucket (1), wherein each holding element (12) ) acts on the locking element (4, 5) arranged on the bucket wheel (3) and is fixed by the locking element in a final position of the pivoting movement, wherein the locking slide (61) is arranged Next to the bucket wheel (3) such that the locking chute (61) successively opens and recloses the two locking elements (4, 5) as the bucket (1) passes, so that the The bucket (1) is not fixed during the swing. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, the curved chute (60) and the locking chute (61) can move from the direction of the rotation axis of the bucket wheel (3) to the The working position of the bucket (1) overturns and moves to the resting position. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking slide (61) actively moves the locking element (4, 5) into its locking position. 8. The device according to any one of claims 5 or 7, characterized in that, the locking chute (61) and the curved chute (60) are relatively arranged in the following manner: when the guide bucket ( 1) When passing by, the bucket (1) to be swung is first unlocked through the locking chute (61), and then the bucket (1) is turned over through the curved chute (60) and After turning over, it is locked again by the locking slide (61). 9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking elements (4, 5) are elastically supported locking pins (4) that can move in the direction of the rotation axis of the bucket wheel (3) , 5).