CN103411794B - Apparatus for acquiring trace quantity of organic pollutants in large volume of seawater, and acquisition system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater. The device integrates a filter assembly and a dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly. The filter assembly includes filter units arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow. There is a filter element between the outlet of the filter unit and the inlet of the post-stage filter unit, and a connecting pipe is provided between adjacent filter units, and the connecting pipe is provided with a cut-off device that is opened when the internal pressure of the pre-stage filter unit reaches the set value. , after the filter element of the front-stage filter unit is blocked, the water flows from the connecting pipe to the subsequent filter unit, and finally flows into the dissolved pollutant enrichment component, so that there is no need for professionals to replace the filter element during the work collection process. The present invention also relates to a system using the device. The system realizes automatic switching of more than two sets of the device through a controller, so that the system can be mounted on a merchant ship or a fixed platform and non-professionals can complete the sampling operation. The invention is suitable for sampling water body pollutants.

Description

Trace organic pollutant collection device and collection system in large volume seawater

technical field

The invention relates to a water body pollutant sampler, in particular to a collection device and collection system for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater.

Background technique

Persistent organic pollutants (Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs) are highly toxic, persistent, easy to bioaccumulate, and capable of long-distance migration. Therefore, controlling and weakening this type of compound has become the consensus of the international community. POPs are generally at trace levels in the environment, especially in the oceans. However, due to the huge seawater capacity of the earth, the ocean is an important reservoir of global POPs. A series of ocean physical and biogeochemical processes have long-term important effects on the sea-air exchange of POPs and the global biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, monitoring ocean POPs content is particularly important.

Due to the extremely low content of POPs in the ocean, especially in the open ocean, a large amount of seawater needs to be collected to meet the analysis needs. A traditional sampler consists of a particle filter and an organic phase enrichment unit that are separated from each other. The particle filter unit is equipped with a filter screen. To filter a sample, the sample needs to pass through the filter screen continuously. Impurities such as particles in the sample can easily block the filter screen. Therefore, the filter screen must be replaced many times by professionals, and the operation is cumbersome. This kind of operation can often only be realized on a scientific research ship, which greatly limits the collection of marine samples.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a collection device and collection system for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater. platform.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, comprising a device body, a total inlet and a total outlet located on the device body, the device body includes a filter assembly and a dissolved pollutant rich solution connected to the water outlet of the filter assembly A collection assembly, the water inlet of the filter assembly communicates with the general inlet, the filter assembly includes at least two stages of filter units arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, and a filter is set between the outlet of the pre-stage filter unit and the inlet of the rear-stage filter unit. A connecting pipe is provided between adjacent filter units, and a cut-off device is provided on the connecting pipe, and the cut-off device is opened when the internal pressure of the pre-stage filter unit reaches the set value, so that the adjacent filter units can pass through the connection. The pipes are connected, and the total outlet is located on the dissolved pollutant enrichment component.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cut-off device is a pressure relief valve.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, each stage of the filter unit is equipped with a pressure sensor for measuring its internal pressure, and the cut-off device is a valve controlled to open and close based on the detection result of the pressure sensor.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, each stage of the filter unit is equipped with an emptying pipeline.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly includes a sleeve, and an overflow channel is formed inside the sleeve, the inlet of the overflow channel is connected to the water outlet of the filter assembly, and the overflow channel There are absorbent materials inside.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the water inlet of the filter assembly is used as the main inlet.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the device body also includes a coarse particle collection assembly, the outlet of the coarse particle collection assembly is connected to the water inlet at the bottom of the filter assembly, and the inlet of the coarse particle collection assembly is used as the main inlet.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the coarse particle collection assembly includes a settling tank connected to the bottom of the filter assembly, the middle of the settling tank is provided with swirl damping paddles, and the swirl damping paddles face the direction of incoming water, so The settling tank is provided with a water inlet as a general inlet.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the water inlet is located above the swirl damping paddle, and the settling tank is further provided with a drain, and the drain is located below the swirl damping paddle.

A system for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, including using at least two collection devices for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, the total inlet of each collection device is connected in parallel with a pressure sensor and a distribution valve through a pipeline , the pressure sensors are electrically connected to a controller, the distribution valves are connected to a water inlet pump through pipelines, and the signals of the distribution valves are connected to the controller.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention combines the filter assembly and the dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly into one, and the filter assembly is composed of at least two stages of filter units. After the filter unit, the final water flows into the dissolved pollutants enrichment component, and the staff can freely set the number of filter elements according to the amount of seawater to be collected, so that there is no need for professionals to replace the filter elements during the working process Therefore, the device and system can be operated on merchant ships and fixed platforms.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the top view of filtering unit;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system corresponding to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1-6, a device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater includes a device body, a total inlet 1 and a total outlet 2 located on the device body. The device body includes a filter assembly and a dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly connected to the water outlet of the filter assembly, and the water inlet of the filter assembly communicates with the general inlet 1 . The filter assembly includes at least two stages of filter units sequentially arranged along the direction of water flow, and each stage of filter unit filters and isolates particles in the water flow. A filter element 3 is provided between the outlet of the pre-filter unit and the inlet of the rear-stage filter unit. In the embodiment, the filter element 3 includes a filter membrane. A communication pipe 10 is also provided between adjacent filter units, and a cut-off device 4 is provided on the communication pipe 10 . After the water flow does not flow through the filter membrane, the particles inside will gradually block the filter membrane, making the pressure of the filter unit rise, and when the internal pressure of the pre-filter unit reaches the set value, the cut-off device 4 is opened to allow the adjacent filter unit to pass through. The connecting pipe 10 is connected, and the water flow does not pass or a small amount passes through the filter membrane at this time, and all or a large amount of water flows from the connecting pipe 10 into the next filter unit. The filtered water flow is absorbed and collected by the dissolved pollutant enrichment component, and finally flows out of the device from the general outlet 2 connected with the dissolved pollutant enrichment component.

Preferably, the cut-off device 4 is a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve is installed on the communication pipe 10. Since the pressure before the pressure relief valve in the communication pipe 10 is equal to the internal pressure of the pre-filter unit, when the pressure setting is reached, the pressure relief valve is opened. The pressure relief valve is relatively small, and it is installed on the connecting pipe 10 to take up less space and has a simple structure.

As another alternative to the pressure relief valve, each filter unit is equipped with a pressure sensor to measure its internal pressure. The cut-off device 4 is an electric valve. The detection result of the pressure sensor is fed back to the PLC, and then the signal is converted to control the electric valve. opening and closing. Although it is complicated to adopt this method, the operator can directly see the internal pressure of the filter unit on site, which is helpful to understand the use status of the filter unit.

At the same time, each filter unit is equipped with an emptying pipe 5 , and the last filter unit is also provided with a bypass outlet 16 . After the sampling is finished, the water in the interior is discharged by the emptying pipe 5 .

For the convenience of maintenance, each filter unit is a detachable structure, which can be disassembled from the filter assembly. At the same time, considering the sealing performance between adjacent filter units, a sealing ring 17 is installed between adjacent filter units. Prevent water leakage, as shown in Figure 2. The filter units are positioned through connecting blocks 18 connected to the outer walls of the filter units and connecting bolts 19 connecting adjacent connecting blocks 18 in series.

The dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly includes a sleeve 6, and an overflow channel is formed inside the sleeve 6. The inlet of the overflow channel is connected to the water outlet of the last stage filter assembly, and an adsorption material 7 (such as sponge, resin, etc.) is arranged in the overflow channel. , polyethylene film). The water flow enters the dissolved pollutant enrichment component after passing through the last stage filter unit, and the water flow entering the component passes through the adsorption material 7 and then is discharged through the main outlet 2 .

In the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 4, the device body also includes a coarse particle collection assembly, the outlet of which is connected to the water inlet at the bottom of the filter assembly, and the inlet of the coarse particle collection assembly serves as the general inlet 1 of the device in this embodiment .

The coarse particle collection assembly includes a settling tank 8 connected to the bottom of the filter assembly. The center of the bottom of the settling tank 8 is equipped with a rotary rod 20 , and the upper end of the rotary rod 20 is equipped with a swirl damping paddle 9 located in the middle of the settling tank 8 . The swirl damping paddle 9 faces the incoming water direction, and the settling tank 8 is provided with a water inlet as the general inlet 1 . When working, seawater enters the settling tank 8 from the general inlet 1, and the swirl damping paddle 9 arranged in a spiral reduces the vortex flow velocity of the water flow, promotes the coarse particles to settle to the bottom of the tank, and avoids the filter element 3 from being blocked too quickly. The water pipe enters the filter assembly. In this embodiment, the main inlet 1 is located above the swirl damping paddle 9 , and the settling tank 8 is also provided with a drain 11 , which is located below the swirl damping paddle 9 .

The system for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater in this embodiment includes the use of at least two collection devices for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, and the total inlet 1 of each collection device is connected in parallel with a pressure sensor 12A, 12B and distribution valves 13A, 13B, each pressure sensor 12A, 12B is electrically connected to a controller 14, each distribution valve 13A, 13B is connected to a water inlet pump 15 through a pipeline, each distribution valve 13A, 13B signal Connect to controller 14.

The use process of the present invention is described with the first embodiment: this embodiment is placed on a ship, and the existing water intake system on the ship can be used as a source of sampling water intake. During implementation, as shown in Figure 4, the two sets of collection devices are connected to the water inlet pump 15 through pipelines, and flow meters 21A, 21B, distribution valves 13A, 13B (solenoid valves) are installed in sequence between the water inlet pump 15 (peristaltic pump) and the collection device and pressure sensors 12A, 12B. The pre-treated and purified adsorption material 7 (columnar sponge) and filter element 3 (filter membrane) have been installed in the collection device before being brought on board. The collection device has been stored in the refrigerator before sampling. During sampling, the controller 14 is adjusted so that one of the solenoid valves is in an open state and the other is in a closed state. After setting, turn on the power of the peristaltic pump and collect samples when it is turned on.

Under the rotation of the water inlet pump 15, the sea water first enters the settling tank 8 through the pipeline and the general inlet 1, and the water flow enters the settling tank 8 and flows downward in a vortex. , the coarse particles are settled to a certain extent, and then the water flows through the first-stage filter unit entering the filter assembly, the water flows through the filter membrane and enters the lower-stage filter unit, and the particles are collected on the filter membrane. With the increase of water flow, the amount of particles on the filter membrane gradually increases, and the pressure in the filter unit gradually increases. After reaching a certain set value, the pressure relief valve in the lower filter unit automatically opens, and the water flows through the connecting pipe 10 from The bypass enters the lower-stage filter unit, at which point the filter membrane of the lower-stage filter unit begins to collect particulate matter, and so on, until all the water flow through the filter assembly enters the dissolved pollutant enrichment kit. After the water flow passes through the absorbent material 7 sponge, the dissolved organic pollutants are adsorbed in the sponge, and the water flow passes through the sponge and is discharged from the outlet pipe.

If the detection pressure of the pressure sensor 12A increases along with the increase of particles on the filter membrane of the last stage filter unit, and reaches a certain value, the distributing valve 13A is closed, and the distributing valve 13B is opened, and the second collection device is started to work. If the total pressure does not reach the condition for automatic opening of the second set of collection devices within the set sampling time, manually stop the first set of collection devices and start the second set. After the first collection device is stopped manually or automatically, record the sampling start time and the reading of the flow meter, remove the collection device, and empty the accumulated water in the filter unit, settling tank 8 and dissolved pollutant enrichment component. Finally, put the tag number of the collection device back into the refrigerator for storage, and bring it back to the laboratory for further processing and chemical analysis by professionals.

Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the second embodiment, the coarse particle collection assembly is canceled, wherein the water inlet of the filter assembly is used as the total inlet 1, the filter assembly is located above, the dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly is located below, and the total inlet 1 is above , using its own gravity to make water flow.

The system for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater in this embodiment includes the use of two collection devices for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, and the total inlet 1 of each collection device is connected with a pressure sensor in parallel through a pipeline 12A, 12B and distribution valves 13A, 13B, each pressure sensor 12A, 12B is electrically connected to a controller 14, each distribution valve 13A, 13B is connected to a water inlet pump 15 through a pipeline, and each distribution valve 13A, 13B is connected to a signal to the controller 14. The pressure of the main inlet 1 is sensed by the pressure sensors 12A, 12B so that the controller 14 controls to open the corresponding distribution valves 13A, 13B so as to activate the corresponding collection devices.

The collection device and collection system in the first embodiment and the second embodiment can be carried on a merchant ship for sampling, and the availability of samples is increased by taking advantage of the characteristics of merchant ships with wide routes and many voyages, and at the same time, the cost of sampling is effectively reduced.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A collection device for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, comprising a device body, a total inlet (1) and a total outlet (2) positioned on the device body, characterized in that: the device body includes a filter assembly and A dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly connected to the water outlet of the filter assembly, the water inlet of the filter assembly communicates with the general inlet (1), the filter assembly includes at least two stages of filter units arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, and the pre-filter A filter element (3) is provided between the outlet of the unit and the inlet of the post-stage filter unit, and a communication pipe (10) is provided between adjacent filter units, and a cut-off device (4) is provided on the communication pipe (10) , the cut-off device (4) is opened when the internal pressure of the pre-stage filter unit reaches the set value, so that the adjacent filter units are communicated through the connecting pipe (10), and the total outlet (2) is enriched with dissolved pollutants Component connections. 2. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cut-off device (4) is a pressure relief valve. 3. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that: each stage of the filter unit is equipped with a pressure sensor for measuring its internal pressure, and the cut-off device (4) is The opening and closing valve is controlled by the detection result of the pressure sensor. 4. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that: each stage of the filter unit is equipped with an emptying pipe (5). 5. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dissolved pollutant enrichment assembly includes a sleeve (6), and the inside of the sleeve (6) is formed An overcurrent channel, the inlet of the overcurrent channel is connected to the water outlet of the filter assembly, and an adsorption material (7) is arranged in the overcurrent channel. 6. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the water inlet of the filter assembly is used as the general inlet (1). 7. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the device body also includes a coarse particle collection assembly, and the outlet of the coarse particle collection assembly The water inlet at the bottom of the filter assembly is connected, and the inlet of the coarse particle collection assembly is used as the general inlet (1). 8. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 7, characterized in that: the coarse particle collection assembly includes a settling tank (8) connected to the bottom of the filter assembly, and the settling tank (8) ) is provided with a swirl damping paddle (9) in the middle, and the swirl damping paddle (9) faces the direction of incoming water, and the settling tank (8) is provided with a water inlet as the general inlet (1). 9. The device for collecting trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater according to claim 8, characterized in that: the water inlet is located above the swirl damping paddle (9), and the settling tank (8) is also provided with There is a water drain (11), and the water drain (11) is located below the swirl damping paddle (9). 10. A collection system for trace organic pollutants in large-volume seawater, characterized in that: comprise the use of at least two collection devices as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the total inlet (1) of each collection device All are connected in parallel with pressure sensors (12A, 12B) and distribution valves (13A, 13B) through pipelines, and each pressure sensor (12A, 12B) is electrically connected to a controller (14), and each distribution valve (13A, 13B) are connected to a water inlet pump (15) through pipelines, and the signals of the distribution valves (13A, 13B) are connected to the controller (14).