CN103409378B - 一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属生物技术领域,涉及一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用;具体涉及一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及其在放疗、化疗后辅助治疗的应用。本发明所述制备方法简单、快捷,适于产业化生产;此外,本发明的药效学研究,结果表明,所述酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体可用于治疗肿瘤放、化疗诱导的血小板减少症。
Description
技术领域
本发明属生物技术领域,涉及一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用;具体涉及一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及其在放疗、化疗后辅助治疗的应用。
背景技术
目前已知,氨酰tRNA合成酶是生命进化过程中最早出现的一类蛋白质,广泛存在于动物、植物、细菌、病毒等各种生物体中;该类酶催化氨基酸转移到相应的tRNA上,使氨基酸活化,进而参与蛋白质的合成,保证生命体的严谨性和多样性。特异性氨酰tRNA的形成依赖于氨酰tRNA合成酶对氨基酸和tRNA的正确识别,蛋白质生物合成的特异性主要依赖tRNA的反密码子与mRNA的密码子正确配对;由于每一种的氨基酸与tRNA的连接都需要专一性的氨酰tRNA合成酶来催化,因此,所述氨酰tRNA合成酶的种类与标准氨基酸的数量一样均为20种;其中,
所述的氨酰tRNA合成酶所催化反应的反应式如下:
氨基酸+ATP→氨酰-AMP+PPi
氨酰-AMP+tRNA→氨酰-tRNA+AMP
总反应式:氨基酸+tRNA+ATP→氨酰-tRNA+AMP+PPi
氨基酸是通过其羧基(-COOH)与腺苷上的羟基(-OH)连接,因此,上述反应为一个酯化反应。
有研究显示,根据序列和活性位点的结构的不同,氨酰tRNA合成酶可被分为两大类:I类含有两个高度保守的序列,该类酶所催化的氨酰化发生在tRNA上腺苷的2'-羟基上,且酶分子通常的活性形式为单体或二聚体,包括GluRS、GlnRS、ArgRS、CysRS、MetRS、ValRS、IleRS、LeuRS、TyrRS和TrpRS,其中CysRS、MetRS、TyrRS和TrpRS为同源二聚体,其余为单体;II类含有三个高度保守的序列,该类酶所催化的氨酰化发生在tRNA上同一个腺苷的3'-羟基上,且酶分子通常的活性形式为二聚体或四聚体;例外的是苯丙氨酰tRNA合成酶,虽被归类于II类,但其催化的氨酰化发生2'-羟基上;包括GlyRS、AlaRS、ProRS、SerRS、ThrRS、HisRS、AspRS、AsnRS、LysRS和PheRS,其中AlaRS为同源四聚体,GlyRS和PheRS异源四聚体,其余为同源二聚体。
研究还指出,几乎所有物种中20中氨基酸是保守存在的,但氨酰tRNA合成酶及其对应的tRNA在进化过程中有较大的改变,酶与tRNA的变化是一个相互适应的共同进化的过程;该种结构上的进化使氨酰tRNA合成酶及其tRNA具有更高的种属特异性和更新的生物功能;随着后基因组时代的到来,氨酰tRNA合成酶的结构和功能成为新的研究热点。
美国Scripps研究所的Wakasugi和Schimmel通过研究证明,人酪氨酰tRNA合成酶(TyrRs)能被断裂成两种具有不同细胞因子活性的片段:C-末端片段和N-末端片段(miniTyrRs);所述C-末端片段在结构功能上与内皮单核细胞激活肽EMAPII相类似,其不仅能诱导MPs和PMNs的迁移,并能刺激MPs产生肿瘤坏死因子和PMNs释放髓过氧化物酶;但只有单独的C-端结构域才具有细胞因子功能,而全长的TyrRS则不具有。所述N-末端片段具有氨基酰化的能力,行使类似IL-8的细胞因子功能,能促进血管生成,行使功能主要依靠一个由3个氨基酸组成的模体Glu-Leu-Arg(ELR),对ELR中的氨基酸进行点突变会导致miniTyrRS的细胞因子功能丧失,且全长的TyrRS不具有IL-8样的趋化因子功能。有研究获得了miniTyrRS晶体结构,并对晶体结构解析,发现miniTyrRS中关键的ELR模体位于催化结构域内部的α5螺旋上,位于α14螺旋上的Y341在氢键网络中起到关键的作用,破坏此氢键网络能使α5螺旋释放出来,从而将ELR暴露在外边,行使细胞因子活性(Figure:DomainsandCriticalMotifsinTyrRS)。
但迄今为止,尚未见有关酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及其在放疗、化疗后辅助治疗中应用的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用;具体涉及一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及其在放疗、化疗后辅助治疗的应用。
本发明的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:(1)工程菌高密度发酵
工程菌复苏及摇瓶接种:取出原始祖种子菌,100级洁净度条件下,在LBK平板上接种,37℃培养2-3天;从平板上挑取单菌落,100级洁净度条件下接种于20ml含50μg/mlkanamycinLB培养液中,30℃振摇培养8小时,至OD600为2,制得一级种子液;将上述一级种子液加入300mlLBK培液中,30℃振摇培养6小时,至OD600为2,制得二级种子液;
(2)发酵罐及Sl培养基高压灭菌
清洗发酵罐(Bioflow3000),安装好各个管道,按校正程序进行pH校正,加入3.2LS1培养基,121℃1.5kg/cm2高压灭菌20min,冷却至室温;
溶氧(DO)电极校正和各种参数设定,发酵罐温度设定为30℃;无菌条件下,向发酵罐中加入S2(32ml)、S3(160ml)、S4(320ml)和S5(320ml)培养基;通入纯氧,搅拌速度设定为500rpm,待DO稳定后,按DO校正程序将此时DO值设定为100%;
设定参数:pH6.5,DO50%,搅拌速度设定为与DO联动控制,转速范围500-700rpm;
(3)二级种子液接种培养及IPTG诱导酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体表达
在无菌条件下,将所述二级种子液接种入发酵罐内,通入空气,进行扩增培养;发酵条件设定为温度30℃、pH6.5、DO45%、搅拌速度500rpm;
每隔1h取样5ml,测定OD600;控制DO50%±10%,观察pH、温度、搅拌转速;pH以氨水调节,随时流加适量消泡剂;至OD60030,加入IPTG诱导6小时,停止发酵,4000rpm×20min离心,收集菌体;
工程菌在发酵罐内生长至OD60030,加入IPTG(终浓度为0.5Mol/L)诱导目的蛋白表达,诱导6小时后,表达量占全菌总蛋白的50%,每升培液收获湿菌100g;
(4)纯化酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体
①高压破菌
菌体用醋酸缓冲液(NaAc-HAc0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)以1:10(w/v)重悬,将混悬液倒入均质机,300bar压力下,完成均质,1000bar压力下,完成破菌;10,000rpm×30min离心,分离上清;
②阳离子交换层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为12.5cm×40cm,填料为SP-SepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用NaAc-HAc(0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)平衡,将上述分离得到的上清上样,流速15ml/min;用NaAc-HAc(0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)冲洗至OD280达到基线,流速15ml/min,用NaAc-HAc-NaCl(1.0Mol/LNaCl)线性梯度洗脱,流速15ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
③凝胶过滤层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为12.5cm×100cm,填料为SephadexG-50,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,将经过阳离子交换层析收集的样品自动进样,用0.02Mol/LPB洗脱,流速10ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
④阴离子交换层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为2.6cm×10cm,填料为Q-sepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,经凝胶过滤层析收集的组份上样,流速15ml/min,收集上样峰组分;
一次发酵,纯化工艺如表1所示:1次5L规模的发酵,收集菌体100g,经3步纯化,获得纯度>95%的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体蛋白350mg;
表1
体积(L) | 蛋白浓度(mg/ml) | 蛋白总量(mg) | 回收率(%) | |
发酵收集菌体 | 100g(重悬1L) | 1.0mg/ml | 1000mg | 0 |
阳离子交换层析 | 0.2L | 2.0mg/ml | 400mg | 40% |
凝胶过滤层析 | 0.3L | 1.33mg/ml | 400mg | 40% |
阴离子交换层析 | 0.15L | 2.33mg/ml | 350mg | 35% |
本发明提供了一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法及应用;所述制备方法简单、快捷,适于产业化生产;此外,本发明的药效学研究,结果表明,所述酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体可用于治疗肿瘤放、化疗诱导的血小板减少症。
附图说明
图1显示了本发明中所述工程菌经10h扩增培养,OD600达到30,IPTG诱导6h,OD600达到55。
图2显示了本发明中所述目的蛋白表达水平约占全菌总蛋白的50%;其中,
L1Marker(14.4-116kD),
L2诱导前,
L3-80.5mMol/LIPTG诱导1、2、3、4、5和6h。
图3显示了BCA法蛋白质含量,其中,所得标准曲线相对系数为R=0.9987,计算酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品蛋白浓度为1mg/ml。
图4.显示了本发明中Westernblot检测结果,其中,
L1Marker(14.4-116kD)
L2IPTG诱导6h后,收集菌体
L3高压均质破菌后的上清
L4阳离子交换层析后收集的活性组份
L5凝胶过滤层析后收集的活性组份
L6阴离子交换层析后的上样峰组份
L7Westernblot鉴定酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品
图5显示了本发明这HPLC测定结果,其中,
结果显示为一对称单峰,保留时间约为17min,纯度>95%
图6显示了本发明中质谱分析计算得分子量为59.18kD,与理论分子量相一致。
图7显示了酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体在浓度范围为10nMol/L-320nMol/L具有氨酰化能力;与浓度、时间均成正比。
图8显示了辐射后立即注射Tmax及一周后注射Tmax大鼠存活率。
图9.显示了各组大鼠照射后1d、7d、14d和21d体重变化。
图10显示了本发明实施例中照射剂量2Gy组的结果,其中,
大鼠血小板计数显著下降,在照射后一周左右达到最低水平,大鼠未出现死亡情况,照射后立即给药组的大鼠,血小板下降程度显著减轻,至照射后18d外周血血小板计数接近正常水平。
图11显示了发明实施例中照射剂量4Gy组的结果,其中,
照射后存活大鼠外周血血小板数量在照射后7天达到最低水平。
图12显示了酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品对骨髓巨核细胞数量的影响,其中,
A腹腔注射PBS组大鼠骨髓内巨核细胞分布,
B腹腔注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组大鼠骨髓内巨核细胞分布。
图13为骨髓巨核细胞计数分析图。
图14显示了本发明实施例中血常规分析的结果。
图15显示了本发明实施例中股骨作病理切片,HE染色和免疫组化的结果,其中,D11骨髓切片HE染色:
A:TPO,
B:酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品高剂量,
C:阴性对照,
D:假手术组。
图16显示了本发明实施例中对巨核细胞数目进行统计结果。
图17显示了本发明实施例中对小鼠骨髓切片进行抗巨核细胞CD41的免疫组化检测的结果,其中,D11免疫组化:
E:TPO,
F:酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品高剂量,
G:阴性对照,
H:假手术组。
图18显示了本发明实施例中对巨核细胞数目进行统计的结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
材料和方法
主要设备
(1)超净工作台(博讯实业有限责任公司)
(2)5LBioflow3000发酵罐(美国NBS)
(3)C25KC摇床(美国NBS)
(4)紫外分光光度仪(BioRad)
(5)冷冻干燥机(美国FTS)
(6)AKTAexplore纯化系统(GEAmersham)
(7)高压均质机(PandaPlus2000型,意大利NiroSoavi)
(8)酶标仪(perkinElmer1420,VICTOR3)。
材料
(1)菌种和质粒:Tmax高表达菌株BL21(F-ompThsdS(rB-mB-)galdcm,Novagen)及抗Tmax单克隆抗体由美国aTyrPharma提供;
(2)纯化填料:SP-SepharoseFastFlow;Sephadax-G50;Q-SepharoseFastFlow(Pharmaei);
(3)蛋白栋、酵母提取物(Oxoid),酪蛋白水解物(Sigma);
(4)其余为国产分析纯。
培养基和常用溶液
(1)发酵培养液M9CA(1.0L):S1,Na2HPO46g、KH2PO435g、NaCl2.93g;S2,(10×)NH4Cl0.4g、VitminB10.88mg;S3,MgSO41.2g;S4,CA10g;S5,Glucose10g、CaCl211.13mg。S1121℃发酵罐在位消毒20分钟,S20.22um微孔滤膜过滤除菌,4℃保存,S3、S4、S5高压灭菌消毒;
(2)LB细菌培养基(1.0L):NaCl10g、Trypton10g、Yeastextract5g,调节pH至7.0;
(3)LBA平板(100ml):NaCl1g、Trypton1g、Yeastextract0.5g、Agar1.5g、kanamycin50μg/ml;
(4)0.2Mol/LNaOH(1.0L):8gNaoH溶于1.0L蒸馏水中;
(5)醋酸缓冲液(NaAc-HAc,0.02Mol/L,pH5.6,1L):NaAc1.483g、HAc约5.5ml调至pH5.6;
(6)1.0Mol/LNaCI(1L):NaC158.6g溶于1L蒸馏水中;
(7)磷酸缓冲液(0.02Mol/LPB,1L):Na2HPO42.2g,NaH2PO40.684g溶于1.0L蒸馏水中,pH7.4。
制备步骤:
(1)工程菌高密度发酵
工程菌复苏及摇瓶接种:从-80℃中取出原始祖种子菌,100级洁净度条件下,在LBK平板上接种,37℃培养2-3天;从平板上挑取单菌落,100级洁净度条件下接种于20ml含50μg/mlkanamycinLB培养液中,30℃振摇培养8小时,至OD600为2,制得一级种子液;将上述一级种子液加入300mlLBK培液中,30℃振摇培养6小时,至OD600为2,制得二级种子液;
(2)发酵罐及Sl培养基高压灭菌
清洗发酵罐(Bioflow3000),安装好各个管道,按校正程序进行pH校正,加入3.2LS1培养基,121℃1.5kg/cm2高压灭菌20min,冷却至室温;
溶氧(DO)电极校正和各种参数设定,发酵罐温度设定为30℃;无菌条件下,向发酵罐中加入S2(32ml)、S3(160ml)、S4(320ml)和S5(320ml)培养基;通入纯氧,搅拌速度设定为500rpm,待DO稳定后,按DO校正程序将此时DO值设定为100%;
设定参数:pH6.5,DO50%,搅拌速度设定为与DO联动控制,转速范围500-700rpm;
(3)二级种子液接种培养及IPTG诱导酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体表达
在无菌条件下,将二级种子液接种入发酵罐内,通入空气,进行扩增培养;发酵条件设定为温度30℃、pH6.5、DO45%、搅拌速度500rpm;
每隔1h取样5ml,测定OD600;控制DO50%±10%,观察pH、温度、搅拌转速;pH以氨水调节,随时流加适量消泡剂;至OD60030,加入IPTG诱导6小时,停止发酵,4000rpm×20min离心,收集菌体;
工程菌在发酵罐内生长至OD60030(如图1所示),加入IPTG(终浓度为0.5Mol/L)诱导目的蛋白表达,诱导6小时后,表达量约占全菌总蛋白的50%(如图2所示),每升培液可收获湿菌100g;
(4)纯化酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体
①高压破菌
菌体用醋酸缓冲液(NaAc-HAc0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)以1:10(w/v)重悬,将混悬液倒入均质机,300bar压力下,完成均质,1000bar压力下,完成破菌;10,000rpm×30min离心,分离上清;
②阳离子交换层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为12.5cm×40cm,填料为SP-SepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用NaAc-HAc(0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)平衡,将上述分离得到的上清上样,流速15ml/min;用NaAc-HAc(0.02Mol/L,pH5.6)冲洗至OD280达到基线,流速15ml/min,用NaAc-HAc-NaCl(1.0Mol/LNaCl)线性梯度洗脱,流速15ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
③凝胶过滤层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为12.5cm×100cm,填料为SephadexG-50,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,将经过阳离子交换层析收集的样品自动进样,用0.02Mol/LPB洗脱,流速10ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
④阴离子交换层析(洁净度10000级,4℃)
层析柱规格为2.6cm×10cm,填料为Q-sepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,经凝胶过滤层析收集的组份上样,流速15ml/min,收集上样峰组分;
一次发酵,纯化工艺如表1所示:1次5L规模的发酵,收集菌体100g,经3步纯化,可获得纯度>95%的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体蛋白350mg;
表1
体积(L) | 蛋白浓度(mg/ml) | 蛋白总量(mg) | 回收率(%) | |
发酵收集菌体 | 100g(重悬1L) | 1.0mg/ml | 1000mg | 0 |
阳离子交换层析 | 0.2L | 2.0mg/ml | 400mg | 40%6 --> |
凝胶过滤层析 | 0.3L | 1.33mg/ml | 400mg | 40% |
阴离子交换层析 | 0.15L | 2.33mg/ml | 350mg | 35% |
;
(5)制备酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的注射用粉针剂
在洁净度100级的条件下,将纯化后得到的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体原液用无菌、无热源注射用水稀释到1.0mg/ml,加辅料甘露醇至终浓度为5%,0.22μm微孔过滤;
1.0ml/瓶分装入2.0ml西林瓶中,经冷冻干燥,制成注射用粉针剂,-20℃保存。
(6)鉴定酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体
①测定蛋白质含量
采用蛋白标准品BSA,1.0mg/ml,利用BCA法测定蛋白质含量,具体步骤参照Thermo公司蛋白定量分析试剂盒进行;标准品浓度系列:100μg/ml、80μg/ml、60μg/ml、40μg/ml、20μg/ml、0μg/ml,分光光度计(BIO-RADsmartspecTM3000)测定对应OD512(如图3所示);
②SDS-PAGE
根据《中华人民共和国药典(三部)》中“SDS-PAGE”的具体方法进行。浓缩胶浓度为5%,分离胶浓度为12%,加样20μl;电泳条件为稳压,120V,考马斯亮蓝染色,脱色后图象分析系统进行光密度扫描分析(ImageMasterVDS);
③Westernblot
12%SDS-PAGE分离酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品;湿胶转移仪(BIO-RAD)100V条件下转印90min至PVDF膜,5%脱脂牛奶PBS溶液封闭,洗涤液(PBS,l.0%Tween20)洗膜10min×3次,加第一抗体,兔源抗酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体单克隆抗体(l:5000稀释),37℃孵育2h,HRP标记的羊抗兔第二抗体,37℃反应2h,ECL发光试剂盒(AmershampharmaeiaBiotech)发光,ChemiDocXRS(BIO-RAD)进行化学发光检测(如图4所示)。④测定N-末端氨基酸序列
与理论值一致,为MGDAPSPEEKLHLIT。
⑤HPLC-MS测定纯度及分子量(结果如图5、6所示)
样品稀释至1mg/ml,进样量20μl,HPLC色谱条件选用反相C18色谱柱(3.9mm×15cm,WatersDeltaPAK,色谱主机为Waters2690,Waters2487);
流动相:流动相A水+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);流动相B:100%乙腈+0.1%TFA,流速为0.2ml/min,梯度为100分钟内流动相B从0%到100%。检测波长为280nm。
⑥测定酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的氨基酰化活性
20μl总体积含150μMol/LTris-HCl(pH7.8),150mMol/LKCl,10mMol/LMgCl,10mMol/Lβ-巯基乙醇,4.0mMol/LATP和10μMol/L酪氨酸(含3μMol/L3H标记酪氨酸),5~25μMol/L酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体药品,37℃反应7min,转移到直径1.5cm圆滤纸片上,放入预冷的10%三氯乙酸50ml中固定15min,再用预冷的5%三氯乙酸洗涤3次,洗去未与tRNA结合的氨基酸,再依次用50ml无水乙醇,无水乙醚各洗涤一次,使之脱水,滤纸片干燥后分别装入含5ml闪烁液(0.5%PPO,0.05%POPOP的二甲苯溶液)的闪烁杯内进行液闪计数;以反应体系中的底物浓度与对应的酶促反应速度为参数,Lineweaver-Burk作图法计算酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品的氨酰化能力(如图7所示)。
(7)酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体用于急性放射损伤中血小板减少症辅助治疗的药效学研究
SD大鼠,雌雄各半,体重180±20g(上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司);
动物给予一次性全身性60Coγ射线照射(剂量为2、4、6Gy,剂量率1Gy/min);
照射后或照射后一周给予动物腹腔注射生理盐水溶解的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品,注射剂量为1.0mg/kg,注射容量为0.2ml/只;
分组如下:
第1组照射后立即给予酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品(每照射剂量组各5只),
第2组照射后一周给予酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品(每照射剂量组各5只),
第3组照射后给予生理盐水组(每照射剂量组各5只),
第4组不照射而给予酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品(5只),
第5组不照射而给予生理盐水组(5只);
分组及给药如表2所示,
表2
检测项目和结果:
酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品对照射大鼠存活率及体重的影响,结果如图8所示,
照射剂量2Gy组的大鼠没有出现死亡情况,照射剂量4Gy组中,照射后立即注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组的大鼠无死亡情况,照射后一周注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组死亡率为30%,照射剂量6Gy组大鼠陆续死亡。
酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品对照射大鼠体重的影响:照射后1d、7d、14d和21d,大鼠称重,体重变化如图9所示,
在照射21d时,照射剂量2Gy组的大鼠体重基本无差异,为265±10g,照射剂量4Gy组中,照射后立即注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组的大鼠体重为252±14g,照射后一周注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组体重为215±20g,照射剂量6Gy组大鼠190±15g。
酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品对照射大鼠外周血细胞的作用,
外周血血常规分析:照射后1d、7d、14d和21d尾静脉剪尾取血,血常规分析(BC2800Vet,全自动动物血液细胞分析仪,迈瑞医疗公司),
统计学分析:标本的组间差异运用SPSS软件进行多因素方差分析(MANOVA)。
结果显示:
①照射剂量2Gy组,大鼠血小板计数显著下降,在照射后一周左右达到最低水平,大鼠未出现死亡情况,照射后立即给药组的大鼠,血小板下降程度显著减轻,至照射后18d外周血血小板计数接近正常水平(如表3和图10所示);照射后一周给药组的大鼠,血小板数量下降幅度大,恢复较慢;照射后即使用酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品的大鼠,外周血血小板数量比照射后一周注射药物组得到明显改善,第7天,血小板计数分别为(334.4±75.3×109/L)和(204.8±67.5×109/L),第14天,血小板计数为(526.2±98.2×109/L)显著高于照射后一周给药组(323±87×109/L)及未使用酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品组(296.6±60.4×109/L,p<0.01);
表3
②照射剂量4Gy组,照射后存活大鼠外周血血小板数量在照射后7天达到最低水平(如表4及图11所示),照射后立即注射及照射后一周注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品的大鼠,第7天时血小板计数分别为(178.4±21.5×109/L)和(100.8±39.1×109/L),第14天,血小板计数分别为(435±90.1×109/L)和(166.7±55.8×109/L),照射后立即给药组血小板数量恢复较快,差别均具有显著意义,P<0.05;
表4
;
③照射剂量6Gy组,血小板水平维持在较低水平,陆续死亡。
(8)酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品动员骨髓巨核细胞的研究
SD大鼠腹腔注射酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品1mg/kg,注射容量为0.2ml/只,连续用药16d,以生理盐水为对照;
骨髓涂片,巨核细胞计数:大鼠经戊巴比妥那(40mg/kg)麻醉,取完整大鼠股骨,用骨剪从膝关节向髋关节处纵剖,使骨髓暴露,记录骨髓颜色及状态,用尖头镊子将骨髓左右混合均匀,用镊子尖部取出骨髓约0.5mm3进行涂片,将骨髓涂片标本浸泡于Wright原液的染缸中静置2min,再将骨髓标本移至5%Giemsa染液中,上下轻振数次,静置20min,水洗3-4次,干燥。
酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品对骨髓巨核细胞数量的影响结果如图12所示;
骨髓巨核细胞计数分析结果如图13所示;
将瑞氏染色干燥后的骨髓涂片,用低倍镜计数巨核细胞,计数10个视野内的巨核细胞并取平均值,可观察到用药组大鼠骨髓内巨核细胞数目明显多于对照组(P<0.05);
结果表明,大鼠经放射治疗后,预处理给予酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品,经腹腔注射,可动员骨髓巨核细胞,使外周血血小板增殖,有效缓解放射治疗诱导的血小板减少。
(9)酪氨酰tRNA合成酶用于肿瘤化疗诱导的血小板减少症的药效学研究BALB/c小鼠72只,雌雄各半,体重为20±2g,随机分成6组。
处理方式如表5所示,
表5
分别于第1、4、7、11、13、17天剪尾取血(50μL),血常规分析(BC2800Vet,全自动动物血液细胞分析仪,迈瑞医疗公司),重点检测血小板数量变化,结果如图14所示:
每组取6只分别于第7、11、17天取股骨作病理切片,HE染色和免疫组化,结果如图15所示;
对巨核细胞数目进行统计,结果如图16所示;
对小鼠骨髓切片进行抗巨核细胞CD41的免疫组化检测,结果如图17所示;
结果表明,小鼠皮下注射环磷酰胺150mg/kg制备化疗模型,诱导血小板减少症,预处理给予酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体样品,经腹腔注射,可使外周血血小板增殖,有效缓解化疗诱导的血小板减少。
Claims (5)
1.一种酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
(1)工程菌复苏和接种
工程菌复苏及摇瓶接种:取出原始祖种子菌,100级洁净度条件下,在LBK平板上接种,37℃培养2-3天;100级洁净度条件下,从平板上挑取单克隆菌落,接种于20ml含kanamycinLB培养液中,kanamycin浓度为50μg/ml,30℃振摇培养8小时,至OD600为2,制得一级种子液;将上述一级种子液加入到300ml含kanamycinLB培液中,30℃振摇培养6小时,至OD600为2,制得二级种子液;
(2)发酵罐设定及培养基准备
清洗发酵罐,安装好各个管道,按校正程序进行pH校正,加入S1培养基,其由Na2HPO46g/L、KH2PO435g/L、NaCl2.93g/L组成,121℃1.5kg/cm2高压灭菌20min,冷却至室温;
溶氧电极校正和设定各种参数,发酵罐温度设定为30℃;无菌条件下,向发酵罐中加入S2,S3,S4,S5培养基,其中,S2培养基由NH4Cl0.4g/L、VitaminB10.88mg/L组成,S3培养基,其内容物为MgSO41.2g/L,S4培养基,其内容物为CA10g/L,S5培养基,其由Glucose10g/L、CaCl211.13mg/L组成;
(3)二级种子液接种培养及IPTG诱导酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体表达
在无菌条件下,将所述二级种子液接种入发酵罐内的培养基中,通入空气,进行扩增培养;
每隔1h取样5ml,测定OD600;控制溶氧50%±10%,观察pH、温度、搅拌转速;pH以氨水调节,随时流加适量消泡剂;至OD600达到30,加入IPTG诱导6小时,停止发酵,4000rpm×20min离心,收集菌体;
工程菌在发酵罐内生长至OD60030,加入IPTG,终浓度为0.5Mol/L,诱导目的蛋白表达,诱导6小时后,表达量占全菌总蛋白的50%,每升培液收获湿菌100g;
(4)酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体的纯化
①高压破菌
菌体用醋酸缓冲液以1:10w/v重悬,将混悬液倒入均质机,300bar压力下,完成均质,1000bar压力下,完成破菌;10,000rpm×30min离心,分离上清;
②阳离子交换层析,洁净度10000级,4℃;
层析柱规格为12.5cm×40cm,填料为SP-SepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用NaAc-HAc平衡,将上述分离得到的上清上样,流速15ml/min;用NaAc-HAc冲洗至OD280达到基线,流速15ml/min,用NaAc-HAc-NaCl线性梯度洗脱,流速15ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
③凝胶过滤层析,洁净度10000级,4℃;
层析柱规格为12.5cm×100cm,填料为SephadexG-50,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,将经过阳离子交换层析收集的样品自动进样,用0.02Mol/LPB洗脱,流速10ml/min,监测OD280,收集活性组份;
④阴离子交换层析,洁净度10000级,4℃
层析柱规格为2.6cm×10cm,填料为Q-sepharoseFastFlow,纯化使用AKTAExplore系统完成,用0.02Mol/LPB平衡,经凝胶过滤层析收集的组份上样,流速15ml/min,收集上样峰组分;
1次5L规模的发酵,收集菌体100g,经3步纯化,获得纯度>95%的酪氨酰tRNA合成酶突变体蛋白350mg。
2.按权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,设定的参数分别为:pH6.5,DO50%,搅拌速度设定为与DO联动控制,转速范围500-700rpm。
3.按权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,发酵条件为:温度30℃、pH6.5、DO45%、搅拌速度500rpm。
4.按权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的①中,醋酸缓冲液为NaAc-HAc,0.02Mol/L,pH5.6。
5.按权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的②中,NaAc-HAc浓度为0.02Mol/L,pH5.6;NaAc-HAc-NaCl中NaCl为1.0Mol/LNaCl。
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