CN103392577B - Rice husk carbon granule-based sports turf bed substrate and absorption capability optimizing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A sports lawn bed matrix based on rice husk carbon particles and its absorption capacity optimization method in the field of lawn site construction technology. The matrix is uniformly mixed with sand with uniform particle size and rice husk carbon particles, wherein: rice husk carbon The proportion of grains is 1-40% v/v, and the proportion of sand is 99-60% v/v. In the present invention, lawn plants are planted on the lawn bed matrix after laying the lawn bed matrix on the construction site; the improvement of the nutritional status of the sports lawn is realized through the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the lawn bed matrix, so that Sports turf grows more robustly.

Description

Sports lawn bed substrate and its adsorption capacity optimization method based on rice husk carbon particles

technical field

The invention relates to a lawn bed substrate and an optimization method in the technical field of lawn site construction, in particular to a rice husk charcoal particle-based material suitable for various types of sports lawns or landscaping lawns such as golf courses and football fields. Lawn bed substrates for sports turf and methods for optimizing their holding capacity.

Background technique

Sports turf is a lawn field specially used for various sports (such as football, baseball, golf, etc.). The lawn bed substrate is generally about 30 cm thick, which is the substrate that provides water and nutrients for the growth of lawn plants. Different from general greening lawns, sports lawns need to be able to withstand high-intensity sports trampling. High-intensity sports trampling will cause serious compaction of the lawn bed, reduce porosity of the lawn bed, and cause compaction of the lawn bed. Once the lawn bed matrix Hardening will lead to difficulty in water penetration, lack of oxygen in the substrate, and poisoning of the turf root system due to anaerobic respiration, resulting in degeneration and even death of the turf. In order to maintain the high quality of sports turf, the United States Golf Association (USGA) has put forward the recommended standard for physical and chemical properties of turf beds for golf greens through years of research. This standard has been adopted by various sports turf venues around the world and has become It has become the authoritative standard for the construction of sports lawns in the world.

The recommended standard for the USGA golf green bed is to use high-standard medium-coarse sand as the main matrix material. It is required that the selected sand particle size should be mainly medium-coarse sand with a particle size of 0.25-0.50mm, and the proportion of medium-coarse sand is specified. It should be higher than 60%, and the proportion of extremely coarse sand with a particle size greater than 1.00mm should be less than 10%, and the proportion of extremely fine sand with a particle size less than 0.05mm should be less than 5%. The sandy substrate prepared in this way has strong anti-compacting ability, strong water penetration ability, and is not easy to compact and harden, but its ability to absorb water and nutrients is extremely poor, and frequent replenishment of water and nutrients is required to maintain the normal growth of lawns. At the same time, it is easy to cause leaching loss of nutrients in the soil and pollute the surrounding environment. In order to improve the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the sandy lawn bed, fibrous organic improvement substances such as peat are generally added. However, when the peat fiber is added to the sandy bed, it will block the original capillary structure, resulting in a significant decrease in the permeability of the sandy bed. Cui Jianyu et al. (Soil Bulletin, 2009, 40: 1018-1021) pointed out that , after adding 20% peat (0.5mm), the permeability of the sandy bed decreased from the original 0.401m/hr to 0.078m/hr, which is lower than the minimum standard of the USGA recommended standard for the bed matrix, which is 0.152m /hr (equivalent to 6in/hr). Due to the prolongation of the service life of the sports lawn, organic matter such as dead grass will continue to accumulate in the lawn bed, which will lead to a continuous decline in the permeability of the lawn bed matrix year by year. Therefore, the application of peat in the improvement of sports lawn beds is greatly limited. It is necessary to find an ideal sandy bed that can not only effectively increase the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the sandy lawn bed, but also not significantly reduce its water penetration capacity. organically modified substances.

Rice husk is the waste generated from rice processing. Its main components are cellulose and lignin, and its usable value is small, which has become a burden for rice processing enterprises. my country is the largest rice-growing country in the world. According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, about 36 million tons of rice husk waste is produced every year. At present, a large number of rice husks produced in my country every year are mainly used as fuel for digestion. Rice husk can be carbonized under anaerobic and high temperature conditions to make rice husk carbon particles. The higher the pyrolysis temperature in the preparation process, the higher the pH value of rice husk carbon particles. The pH value of rice husk charcoal particles made at ~350℃ pyrolysis temperature is 7.0~7.6, and its moisture permeability can reach 3.683m/hr, which is 15 times that of peat charcoal. Peat did not differ significantly. Moreover, since the shape and size of the rice husk are relatively uniform, the particle size distribution of the prepared rice husk carbon particles is also relatively uniform, and it is easy to uniformly mix with sand particles.

After searching the prior art, it was found that Chinese Patent Document No. CN102826919, published on 2012-12-19, discloses a "special slow-release fertilizer for lawn with biomass granular carbon as the substrate and its preparation method". Granular carbon prepared from agricultural waste biomass such as corncobs, peanut shells, rice husks, and edible fungus substrates is used as a matrix material, and its microporosity and strong adsorption capacity are used to combine nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients necessary for the growth and development of lawns. The elements are compounded to make a granular biomass charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer for lawns. The biomass granular carbon used in this technology is a black biomass carbon particle formed after the incomplete combustion of agricultural waste biomass under low oxygen conditions. It has many characteristics similar to soil humus, and its ability to absorb and retain nutrients and water is very strong. , the fertilizer thus prepared has a certain slow-release performance, which can effectively prolong the fertilization period of the lawn. However, the disadvantages and shortcomings of this technology are:

1) This technology mainly spreads the fertilizer on the top of the lawn blades. After the fertilizer is absorbed by the lawn, the residual biochar matrix will intensify the formation of the organic matter layer at the base of the lawn, because these organic matters have a much higher ability to absorb water and nutrients. The soil below will lead the lawn root system to grow only in the organic layer, causing the root system of the lawn to be too shallow, and the drought resistance ability will be significantly reduced; in addition, the organic layer at the base of the lawn is also a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria, which is easy to cause diseases. Therefore, after the application of biochar-based fertilizers, it is necessary to increase destructive operations such as weeding and drilling to control the accumulation of organic matter in the lawn.

2) Even if the biochar matrix fertilizer can be mixed into the lawn bed soil when the lawn is planted, once the fertilizer application rate exceeds 50 g/m2 (about 0.02% of the lawn bed matrix volume), it will be affected by the fertilizer elements. Overdose can cause lawn burn. However, adding only less than 0.02% biochar to the 30 cm thick entire flat bed has no obvious effect on the physical and chemical properties of the flat bed soil.

3) Granular carbon prepared from agricultural waste biomass such as corncobs, peanut shells, rice husks, and edible fungus substrates, due to the different sources of raw materials, the physical and chemical properties of the prepared granular carbon will also vary, which will affect the product. Quality stability. On sports lawns such as golf courses and football fields that require extremely high quality, stable organic modifiers are needed to optimize the properties of the lawn bed.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, and proposes a sports lawn bed matrix based on rice husk carbon particles and its absorption capacity optimization method, which solves the water and nutrient absorption capacity in the improvement of the sandy lawn bed of sports lawns On the other hand, it has found a way to efficiently utilize a large amount of rice husk waste in our country.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention relates to a sports lawn bed matrix based on rice husk carbon particles, which is formed by uniformly mixing sand with uniform particle size and rice husk carbon particles, wherein the ratio of rice husk carbon particles is 1 to 40% (v/v ), the proportion of medium and coarse sand is 99-60% (v/v).

The particle size of the sand is greater than 60% with a particle size of 0.25-0.50 mm, and the particle size distribution conforms to the recommended standard of the USGA.

The rice husk carbon particles are prepared by carbonizing rice husks at 300° C. to 350° C. under anaerobic conditions, and the pH value of the pyrolyzed rice husk carbon particles is 7.0 to 7.6.

The uniform mixing uses a mixer to mix the sand and rice husk charcoal.

The bulk density of the flat bed matrix formula is between 0.23-1.10g/cm3, the total porosity is between 41-55%, the moisture permeability is between 1.77-2.79m/hr, and the water holding rate is between 12-40 %between.

The present invention relates to the above-mentioned method for optimizing the holding capacity of the sports lawn bed matrix based on rice husk carbon particles, by laying the lawn bed matrix on the construction site, and then planting lawn plants on the lawn bed matrix; through the lawn bed matrix The ability to absorb water and nutrients improves the nutritional status of the sports lawn, making the sports lawn more robust.

The sites under construction include, but are not limited to: professional football fields, comprehensive sports fields, golf courses or park lawns.

The laying refers to: directly use construction vehicles to transport the mixed flat bed matrix to the site under construction for flat bed laying, the laying thickness of the flat bed matrix is controlled at 20-30cm, and it is scraped and compacted; or first Lay medium-coarse sand and rice husk charcoal interlayers on the construction site. After laying, use a rotary tiller to rotate back and forth 3 to 5 times for on-site mixing operations, and finally scrape and compact.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the improvement effect of different rice husk carbon particle ratios on the maximum water holding capacity of the flatbed matrix according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the improvement effect of different rice husk carbon particle ratios on the water penetration rate of the flatbed matrix according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the improvement effect of different rice husk carbon particle ratios on the bulk density of the flatbed matrix according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the improvement effect of different rice husk charcoal particle proportions of the present invention on the total porosity of the platform bed matrix.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.

Example 1

Lawn optimization for football stadiums: The lawn bed matrix formula used is: 80% sand + 20% rice husk carbon particles (volume ratio).

After the ground compaction of the football field, drainage system and irrigation system installation, and gravel layer laying are completed, the flat bed matrix formula of the present invention that has been mixed uniformly is laid, and the flat bed matrix formula adopts 80% sand and 20% rice husk charcoal particles by volume than to mix. On the cement floor near the football field under construction, put 80% of the volume of sand and 20% of the volume of rice husk carbon into a special mixer. After mixing, a uniformly mixed football field bed matrix is formed, which is directly loaded by truck Transport it to the football field under construction for flat bed laying, and the thickness of the matrix laying is 30cm. After the lawn bed is laid, it shall be scraped and compacted, and the lawn shall be planted after watering.

The water permeability of the laid flat bed matrix is about 2.54m/hr, the maximum water holding rate is about 20%, the bulk density is about 1.3g/cm ³ , and the total porosity is about 48%. The overall physical and chemical properties of the flat bed matrix are better than the USGA recommended indicators.

The planting and maintenance management of the football field lawn is the same as the routine. After the lawn was planted, due to the improvement of the water permeability, maximum water holding rate, porosity and other indicators of the lawn bed substrate, the growth rate of the lawn during the planting period was 16% higher than that of the pure sand substrate, and the days of lawn formation shortened by 10 days.

After the turf is formed, the lawn grows vigorously, and the dry matter weight of a single plant of the lawn reaches more than 3 times that of the pure sand control. The requirements of irrigation and fertilization of the turf after formation were obviously lower than those of the control with pure sand substrate, but its visual quality and trampling resistance were higher than those of the control with pure sand substrate.

Example 2

Golf course putting green lawn optimization: the lawn bed matrix formula used is: 85% sand + 15% rice husk carbon particles (volume ratio).

After the foundation of the putting green is compacted, the drainage system is installed, and the gravel layer is laid, lay the evenly mixed lawn bed matrix formula of the present invention, and the lawn bed matrix formula adopts 85% sand and 15% rice husk charcoal by volume ratio to mix. The mixed selection of the matrix is carried out on the sand field. 85% of the volume of sand and 15% of the volume of rice husk carbon particles are put into a special mixer. It is loaded by truck and transported to the green area under construction for laying of the lawn bed. The thickness of the lawn bed substrate is 30cm. After the lawn bed is laid, it is scraped and compacted, and the creeping bentgrass lawn seeds are sowed after watering.

The water permeability of the laid flat bed matrix is about 2.28m/hr, the maximum water holding rate is about 17%, the bulk density is about 1.4g/cm ³ , and the total porosity is about 46%. The overall physical and chemical properties of the lawn bed substrate are better than the recommended indicators of USGA greens.

The sowing of the green lawn is the same as the maintenance and management of the young lawn. There was no obvious difference between the emergence rate of turf seeds and the pure sand control, but the growth rate of the creeping bentgrass seedlings was about 20% higher than that of the pure sand control, the root length was 50% higher than that of the pure sand control, and the number of tillers in the lawn Compared with the pure sand control, it has increased by more than 60%, and the days of lawn formation have been shortened by about 10 days.

After the turf is formed, the lawn grows vigorously, and the dry matter weight of a single plant of the lawn is more than 2 times that of the pure sand control. The requirements of irrigation and fertilization of the turf after formation were obviously lower than those of the control with pure sand substrate, but its visual quality and trampling resistance were higher than those of the control with pure sand substrate.

Example 3

Lawn optimization of school sports field: The lawn bed matrix formula used is: 70% sand + 30% rice husk carbon particles (volume ratio).

After the foundation of the school sports ground is compacted, the drainage system and irrigation system are installed, and the gravel layer is laid, a layer of about 10cm thick sand is laid first, and then rice husk charcoal particles about 5cm thick are laid on the sand layer. After laying, use a rotary tiller Rotate back and forth 2 times, and the depth of the rotary tillage is controlled at about 12cm to ensure that the blades of the rotary tiller will not touch the gravel layer below; after the rotary tillage, lay about 10cm thick sand and about 5cm thick rice husk charcoal on it in sequence Then use the rotary tiller to perform back and forth rotary tillage 3 times. This time the rotary tiller depth is adjusted to about 20cm to ensure that the sand and rice husk carbon particles are evenly mixed. After the rotary tillage is completed, use a leveler to scrape the base of the lawn bed, then use a half-ton road roller to compact the lawn bed, and then plant the lawn after watering.

The water permeability of the laid flat bed matrix is about 2.67m/hr, the maximum water holding rate is about 27%, the bulk density is about 1.1g/cm ³ , and the total porosity is about 53%. The overall physical and chemical properties of the flat bed matrix are better than the USGA recommended indicators.

The planting and maintenance management of the football field lawn is the same as the routine. Due to the improvement of the water permeability, maximum water holding rate, porosity and other indicators of the lawn bed substrate, the growth rate of the lawn during the planting period increased by 25% compared with the control of the pure sand substrate, and the days of lawn formation were shortened by 15 days .

After the turf is established, the lawn grows vigorously, and the dry matter weight of a single plant of the lawn reaches about 4 times that of the pure sand control. The requirements of irrigation and fertilization of the turf after formation were obviously lower than those of the control with pure sand substrate, but its visual quality and trampling resistance were higher than those of the control with pure sand substrate.

Claims (5)

1. based on a motion turfgrass bed matrix for rice husk carbon granule, it is characterized in that, formed by the sand of uniform particle sizes and rice husk carbon granule Homogeneous phase mixing, wherein: the ratio of rice husk carbon granule is 30,20 or 15%v/v, and the ratio of sand corresponds to 70,80 or 85%v/v;

The carbonization that described rice husk carbon granule carries out 300 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C under anaerobic by rice husk is prepared from, and the pH value of the rice husk carbon granule after pyrolysis is 7.0 ~ 7.6;

The unit weight of described level ground bed substrate formula is at 0.23 ~ 1.10 g/cm ³between, total porosity is between 41 ~ 55%, and rate of water infiltration is between 1.77 ~ 2.79m/hr, and specific retention is between 12 ~ 40%.

2. level ground according to claim 1 bed substrate, is characterized in that, in described sand, particle diameter is that the ratio of 0.25 ~ 0.50mm is greater than 60%.

3. level ground according to claim 1 bed substrate, is characterized in that, described Homogeneous phase mixing adopts agitator sand and rice husk carbon granule to be mixed.

4. according to a described application based on the motion turfgrass bed matrix of rice husk carbon granule arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, by after building described level ground bed substrate is laid in place, level ground bed substrate carries out lawn plant plantation; By level ground bed substrate, the confinement capabilities of moisture and nutrient is realized to the improvement of the nutrition condition to motion lawn, thus make motion lawn growth more healthy and stronger;

Described laying refers to: level ground bed is carried out in the place directly adopting construction vehicle to be transported to by the level ground bed substrate mixed to build and establishes, the laying depth of level ground bed substrate controls at 20 ~ 30 cm, strikes off, compacting.

5. application according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described comprises building place: professional football pitch, integrated motion field, golf course or lawn, park.