CN108651180A - A kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of ecological cultivation technology that promotes the rapid growth of new bamboo forests, mainly including the selection of afforestation sites and site preparation, the selection of mother bamboos, the transportation of mother bamboos, planting, and the management of bamboo forests after planting. . With this system, the soil matures quickly, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are significantly improved, the survival rate of afforestation is improved, and the number of new bamboos is greatly increased, which also promotes the increase of the ground diameter, and realizes rapid forest formation, which can be compared with conventional planting canopy closure. The forest time is shortened by 2‑5 years.

Description

An Ecological Cultivation Technique for Promoting Rapid Formation of Newly Planted Bamboo Forests

technical field

The invention relates to an afforestation technology, in particular to an ecological cultivation technology for promoting rapid forestation of newly planted bamboo forests.

Background technique

Bamboo is a kind of plant belonging to the Gramineae Bambusadea (Bambusadea). It is an important fast-growing forest resource and an excellent landscaping plant. The stems of bamboo plants growing horizontally in the soil have obvious divisions, roots take root on the nodes, and there are buds on the sides of the nodes, which can germinate and become new underground stems or shoots to emerge into bamboo. Bamboo shoots contain a variety of amino acids and trace elements. Nutritionists believe that bamboo shoots are natural health food. It has high fiber content and low fat content, which can promote gastrointestinal digestion and excretion. Regular consumption of bamboo shoots can reduce the retention and absorption of harmful substances in the body. It has the effect of preventing cancer and losing weight. Such as yellow sweet bamboo, square bamboo, green bamboo, high-section bamboo and other high-quality bamboos for bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots are not only delicious and nutritious, but also have a high output with reasonable management, and are very popular among the people. In Jiangnan, many farmers use bamboo as their main source of income. In the planting of bamboo, high-quality bamboo species for bamboo shoots have become a sought-after product for growers because of their good quality and high economic benefits. However, it usually takes three to five years for bamboo to be put into production after afforestation, and the cycle mainly depends on the afforestation method, afforestation density, bamboo species, soil conditions and management measures. Among them, the soil condition not only affects the survival rate of planting, but also affects its ability to whip and shoot shoots, thus affecting the speed of canopy closure and the quality of bamboo forests.

In order to promote the rapid growth of bamboo forests, the following cultivation techniques are mainly used at present: (1) increase the density of afforestation; (2) select bamboo forests with deep soil layers and good soil fertility; (4) Treat the canopy and apply fertilizer every year after afforestation; this method has the following disadvantages: it consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources, the cost of afforestation is high, the fertility utilization rate is low, the improvement of soil condition is limited, and it is easy to cause water and soil erosion. Runoff increases, and even causes water pollution.

Earthworms are one of the most important large soil animals in terrestrial ecosystems, known as "ecosystem engineers". There are more than 4,000 species of terrestrial earthworms recorded in the world (306 species in China). Through activities such as feeding and metabolism, earthworms transform litter and soil particles into vermicompost organic matter with good air permeability, drainage and high water holding capacity. The large aggregate structure not only contains the macro elements required by plants, but also contains a large amount of microorganisms and organic matter, which can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase soil nutrients, organic matter and soil enzyme activity, and has the performance of water and fertilizer retention, suitable for for crop growth and development. Vermicompost can also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and control diseases.

Earthworms continuously drill holes vertically and horizontally and swallow soil and defecate, turning the barren and compacted soil into loose and porous, ventilated and water-permeable, moisture-retaining and fertile mature soil that can promote the growth of crop roots, achieving the effect of no-tillage or less-tillage, which can improve soil Fertility, but also reduce labor intensity. The large pores (caves) and medium and micro pores (excreta) formed by earthworm activities can effectively increase soil porosity and aeration, help to improve the microenvironment of microorganisms, and promote their growth and reproduction. At the same time, earthworms transform complex organic matter into a form usable by microorganisms through activities such as feeding, crushing, and mixing, and provide nutrients and energy for the survival of soil microorganisms, promote microbial reproduction, and increase the number of microorganisms. At the same time, it increases the contact area between soil microorganisms and organic matter, promotes the mineralization of organic matter by microorganisms, affects key processes such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient cycles in the soil, and maintains the cycle of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soil. Therefore, in the soil ecosystem, earthworms not only contribute to the improvement of soil physical structure and chemical properties, but also can regulate soil microorganisms to effectively activate the entire soil ecosystem, improve soil biological fertility, and promote soil nutrient cycle. However, there are few earthworms in the bamboo forest, especially when the original topsoil is severely damaged, the newly turned soil is barren, the soil aggregates are severely damaged, the number of soil microorganisms and soil animals is small, and there is almost no earthworm activity. The soil structure is compacted and the fertility is low. The survival rate of afforestation in this area is low. It usually takes 5-10 years for canopy closure to form a forest. The cycle is long, the effect is slow, and the yield is low.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological cultivation technology that promotes the rapid growth of new bamboo forests, rapidly improve the productivity of forest land, improve the speed of forest formation, shorten the production time and promote the increase of output.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:

An ecological cultivation technique for promoting the rapid growth of new bamboo forests, which mainly includes the selection and preparation of afforestation sites, the selection of mother bamboos, the transportation of mother bamboos, planting, and the management of bamboo forests after planting. system; the grass earthworm system is a system in which white clover is planted on the upper part of the system by using a substrate, and earthworms are propagated in the lower part of the system.

Described a kind of ecological cultivation technology that promotes new bamboo grove to grow rapidly, is characterized in that: described planting method is as follows:

1) Repair hole: trim the size and depth of the planting hole to ensure that the length of the planting hole along the horizontal direction is more than 10cm longer than the length of the bamboo whip of the mother bamboo, and the depth is 5-10cm deeper than the suitable planting depth of the mother bamboo;

2) Backfilling mixed soil: add the soil dug up when repairing the hole into the expanding whip matrix to obtain the mixed soil; first fill the mixed soil into the bottom of the planting hole with a thickness of 5-10cm; the expanding whip matrix is grass-worm system The substance obtained after homogeneous mixing;

3) Mother bamboo planting: place the mother bamboo shrub in the planting hole, pay attention to the mother bamboo whip along the horizontal direction, place it above the mixed soil, and then backfill with the mixed soil, layering firmly, so that the root whip and the soil are closely connected , the soil covering depth is 3-5cm deeper than the original part of the mother bamboo, and the upper part is cultivated into a steamed bun shape;

4) In the woodland where no bamboo is planted after the mother bamboo is planted, square dimple holes are evenly dug, and grass and earthworm systems are implanted in the dimple holes, and the gaps in the holes are backfilled with forest land soil; Configured at a ratio of 4:1.

A kind of described ecological cultivation technique for promoting the rapid growth of new bamboo groves is characterized in that: the grass earthworm system includes an incubator made of bottom plate and side plate, and the water-retaining layer is arranged successively from bottom to top in the incubator , a straw layer, an earthworm layer, an earthworm dung layer and a substrate layer; a feeding pipe is also provided in the incubator.

The described ecological cultivation technology for promoting the rapid growth of new bamboo forests is characterized in that: the side panels are made of transparent resin materials, the bottom panels are made of wooden materials, and hinges are used between the adjacent side panels. Connection, the side plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected by buckles; the size of the incubator is: length×width×height are 60cm×60cm×70cm; the bottom plate and the side plate are equipped with water-permeable and air-permeable holes; The diameter of the water-permeable air holes is 0.1-0.3cm, and they are evenly distributed according to the interval of 1cm×1cm.

Described a kind of ecological cultivation technology that promotes new bamboo grove to become forest fast, it is characterized in that: the thickness of water-retaining layer is 10cm; The thickness of straw layer is 2-3cm; The thickness of earthworm layer is 20-25cm; The thickness of earthworm layer is 1-2cm ; The thickness of the matrix layer is 10-15cm.

The ecological cultivation technique for promoting the rapid growth of new bamboo forests is characterized in that: the material of the water-retaining layer is clean medium sand added with a water-retaining agent, and the water-retaining agent is added in an amount of 5‰-8‰ by mass percentage, The water-retaining agent formula is: 65%-66% acrylamide; 23%-24% potassium acrylate; 8%-10% water; 0.5%-1.0% cross-linking agent; the preparation method of the water-retaining layer Method: Mix the medium sand and water-retaining agent in proportion and pour water thoroughly. After the water-retaining agent absorbs enough water, spread it into the bottom of the incubator.

Described a kind of ecological cultivation technology that promotes new bamboo grove to become forest fast, it is characterized in that: described earthworm layer making method is: with crushed vegetables, melon and fruit peel, waste bacterium stick, cow dung by mass ratio 1:1: Mix well at 1:1. After decomposing, spread it on the top of the straw layer. Inoculate 30-40 earthworms in each incubator.

A kind of described ecological cultivation technology that promotes the rapid growth of new bamboo groves is characterized in that: the substrate formula of the substrate layer is: by mass percentage, be 50% peat+5% vermiculite+30% pastoral soil+ 10% organic fertilizer+5% compound fertilizer; plant white clover in the matrix layer, the specific method is: choose from the end of March to the end of April or mid-to-late September, sow white clover seeds in the matrix layer; before sowing Soak the seeds with clean water for 12 hours, sterilize them with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and sow them; spread evenly, and the amount of seeds sown in each incubator is 1-2g; after sowing, before emergence, rake them in time to facilitate emergence; The clover seedlings are vulnerable to weeds at the seedling stage, and the seedlings should be cultivated and loosened for 1 to 2 times, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to prevent and control pests in time.

A kind of described ecological cultivation technology that promotes the rapid forestation of newly planted bamboo forests is characterized in that: the middle and lower part of the feeding pipe is provided with an arched opening; The bottom is placed above the straw layer; the height of the feeding tube is 40cm, and the diameter of the nozzle is 15-18cm; the height of the arched opening is 20-30cm, and the width is 4-6cm. Each incubator is equipped with 4 feeding tubes.

A grass earthworm system for improving the productivity of bamboo forest land is characterized in that the grass earthworm system includes an incubator composed of a bottom plate and a side plate, and the incubator is sequentially provided with a water retention layer, a straw layer, An earthworm layer, an earthworm layer and a matrix layer; the incubator is also provided with a feeding pipe; the side plates are made of transparent resin materials, the bottom plate is made of wooden materials, and the adjacent side plates are made of Hinge connection, the side plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected by buckles; the size of the incubator is: length×width×height are 60cm×60cm×70cm; the bottom plate and the side plate are equipped with water-permeable and air-permeable holes; The diameter of the water-permeable air holes is 0.1-0.3cm, and they are evenly distributed according to the interval of 1cm×1cm; the thickness of the water-retaining layer is 10cm; the thickness of the straw layer is 2-3cm; the thickness of the earthworm layer is 20-25cm; the thickness of the earthworm layer is 1 -2cm; stroma layer thickness is 10-15cm;

The material of the water-retaining layer is clean medium sand added with a water-retaining agent, and the water-retaining agent is added in an amount of 5‰-8‰ by mass percentage. The formula of the water-retaining agent is: 65%-66% acrylamide; 23%-24% % of potassium acrylate; 8%-10% of water; 0.5%-1.0% of cross-linking agent; the preparation method of the water-retaining layer is: fully mix the medium sand and water-retaining agent in proportion and pour water thoroughly, wait for water retention After the agent absorbs enough water, spread it into the bottom of the incubator; the preparation method of the earthworm layer is: fully mix the crushed vegetables, melon and fruit peels, waste bacteria sticks, and cow dung in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, After being decomposed, it is spread on the straw layer, and each incubator is inoculated with 30-40 earthworms. The types of earthworms are according to the ratio of surface dwelling type: deep dwelling type=2:1; the matrix formula of the substrate layer is: Percentage is 50% peat+5% vermiculite+30% pastoral soil+10% organic fertilizer+5% compound fertilizer; plant white clover in the substrate layer, and the specific method is: select At the end of the month or in the middle and late September, sow white clover seeds in the matrix layer; soak the seeds with clean water for 12 hours before sowing, and sterilize them with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution before sowing; spread evenly, and the seeds sown in each incubator The amount is 1-2g; after sowing and before emergence, rake in time to facilitate emergence; clover is vulnerable to weeds at the seedling stage, so it should be cultivated and loosened for 1-2 times at the seedling stage, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to prevent and control pests in time; The lower part of the feeding pipe is provided with an arched opening; the openings are 2-4, evenly distributed in a ring; the bottom of the feeding pipe is placed above the straw layer; the height of the feeding pipe is 40cm, and the diameter of the nozzle is 15- 18cm; the height of the arched opening is 20-30cm, the width is 4-6cm, and each incubator is provided with 4 feeding tubes.

The above-mentioned grass-worm system has the following beneficial effects: (1) the lateral roots and fibrous roots of the white clover are developed, the growth is rapid, and the biomass above the ground is large, and the dead root system and litter can provide the required food for the earthworms in the lower layer. (2) The activities of earthworms in the lower layer can create better soil fertility for the growth of white clover and improve soil physicochemistry. (3) The water-retaining layer can save water for the whole system when it rains, provide water when there is continuous drought, and ensure the humidity of the whole system in summer. (4) The side panels of the system can be used repeatedly, and the number of the system can be flexibly configured according to the size and demand of the forest land. At the same time, the white clover and earthworms continue to spread to the surrounding forest land based on the location of the system, thereby gradually improving the entire bamboo forest land. The soil condition forms an ecological system with a virtuous cycle of bamboo, grass, fertilizer, and water in the bamboo forest. It is friendly to the environment and water, and avoids the use of large amounts of chemical fertilizers or artificial reclamation for afforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. (5) With this system, the soil matures quickly, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are significantly improved, the survival rate of afforestation is improved, and the number of new bamboos is greatly increased, which also promotes the increase of the ground diameter, and realizes rapid forestation, which can be compared with conventional planting. The time for canopy closure to become forest is shortened by 2-5 years.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the configuration model diagram of afforestation mother bamboo and grass earthworm system in forest land;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the incubator in the grass earthworm system;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of grass-worm system;

Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional structure schematic diagram of grass-worm system;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of feeding pipe in the grass earthworm system;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the side plate of the incubator is expanded;

In the figure: 1-bottom plate; 2-side plate; 3-feeding pipe; 3-1-arch opening; 4-white clover; 5-permeable air hole; A-water retention layer; B-straw layer; C-earthworm layer; D- earthworm layer; E- substrate layer; M-square hole; K-block group.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-6.

Embodiment 1: the preparation of grass-worm system, comprises the steps:

(1) First make a square incubator with a length×width×height of 60cm×60cm×70cm (see Figure 2), that is, the incubator includes 1 bottom plate 1 and 4 side plates 2, the side plates are made of transparent resin materials, and the side plates Adjacent sides of panel 2 are connected by hinges, at least one of which can be disassembled, so that the side panels can be unfolded (see Figure 6). Of course, the hinges between adjacent sides can also be designed to be detachable. Independent front, rear, left and right 4 side panels; the bottom panel 1 is made of wood material, and each side is connected by hinges; the side panel 2 and the bottom panel 1 are fixedly connected by buckles; the bottom panel 1 is disposable, and the side panel 2 It can be reused; water-permeable air holes 5 with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 cm are evenly distributed on the side plate and the bottom plate at a distance of 1 cm×1 cm.

(2) Choose clean medium sand, add water retaining agent (polyacrylamide, its main components are: acrylamide 65%-66%+ potassium acrylate 23%-24%+ water 8% -10%+cross-linking agent 0.5%-1.0%, mass percentage), mix thoroughly and pour water thoroughly, after the water-retaining agent absorbs enough water, spread it into the bottom of the cuboid incubator with a thickness of 10cm, which is the water-retaining layer A ; Evenly spread a layer of straw 2-3cm above the water-retaining layer A, that is, the straw layer B (see Figure 3, Figure 4).

(3) Fully mix the crushed (particle size ≤ 0.5cm) vegetables, melon and fruit peels, waste bacteria sticks, cow dung (25% each, mass ratio) in advance, and fill them on the paved straw after they are decomposed. , the thickness is 20-25cm, insert feeding pipe 3 in this layer (see Fig. 5), also can directly place feeding pipe 3 on the straw layer after paving the straw layer; the lower part of feeding pipe 3 is provided with arched opening, In order for earthworms to enter and exit and feed; it is best to set 2-4 openings, which are evenly distributed in a ring; the size of the feeding pipe is preferably designed as follows: a height of 40cm, a diameter of the nozzle of 15-18cm, and a height of the arch-shaped opening of 20- 30cm, width 4-6cm. Then 30-40 earthworms were inoculated in each incubator, and the earthworm species were in the ratio of 2:1 for the surface-dwelling type (Eisenia chinensis) and the deep-dwelling type (William coelococcus). This layer is the earthworm layer C. After the earthworms are inoculated, a layer of vermicompost is spread on the upper part thereof, with a thickness of 1-2 cm, i.e. the vermicompost layer D. Pay attention to keep the temperature and humidity. After 2-3 months of cultivation, after the earthworms proliferate in large numbers, enter the standby maintenance stage, and regularly feed food through the feeding port 3 . In this layer, 4 feeding observation ports are evenly set up (for supplementing earthworms and food, and at the same time play the role of ventilation). The feeding viewing ports are made of PVC pipes, and their placement positions are shown in Figure 3.

(4) Peat (50%, mass ratio) + vermiculite (5%, mass ratio) + pastoral soil (30%, mass ratio) + organic fertilizer (10%, mass ratio) + compound fertilizer (5%, mass ratio ratio, compound fertilizer NPK content 15%), fully mix, spread into the uppermost layer of the cuboid frame, the thickness is 10-15cm, that is, the matrix layer E, keep the matrix moist, and set aside.

(5) Choose to sow white clover 4 in the incubator from the end of March to the end of April (spring sowing) or mid-to-late September (autumn sowing). Soak the seeds with water for 12 hours before sowing, and sterilize with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution before sowing. Sow evenly, the amount of seeds per box is 1-2g. After sowing and before emergence, rake in time to facilitate emergence. The clover seedlings are vulnerable to weeds at the seedling stage, and the seedlings should be cultivated and loosened for 1 to 2 times, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to prevent and control pests in time.

(6) During the growth and maintenance of white clover, observe the growth of the earthworm layer through the transparent frame and feeding observation port in time, maintain the temperature and humidity suitable for its growth, and replenish food and earthworms in time through the feeding port. When the coverage of white clover reaches more than 90%, the grass-worm system can be transplanted to the desired forest land for use.

The system can realize large-scale and batch cultivation in factories, greenhouses, and nurseries. It is simple and convenient to apply and saves a lot of field labor. The system can be configured in different quantities according to the size and needs of the orchard. Side panels are reusable.

Example 2:

A kind of ecological cultivation technique of newly planting bamboo groves to grow rapidly, comprising the following main links:

(1) Selection of afforestation land and treatment of forest land: the forest land is mountainous, located in Xinjian Town, Jinyun County, Lishui City. Forest land 1: there are small shrubs and weeds growing in the original forest land, and the weeds, shrubs, stumps, stones, etc. in the forest land should be removed first. Forest land 2: The forest land has been reclaimed by engineering technology, the original topsoil is destroyed, the newly turned up soil is barren, the soil aggregates are severely damaged, the number of soil microorganisms and soil animals is small, the biological activity is low, the soil structure is compacted, and the fertility Low, poor water and fertilizer holding capacity, almost bare woodland, no shrubs, only a very small amount of weeds.

In October-November of the year before the afforestation, the above woodlands will dig holes according to the distance between plants and rows of 3m×4m.

(2) Selection of mother bamboos: Select the yellow sweet bamboos with a DBH of 2-3cm, 1-2 years old, low branches, about 1.5m high under branches, lush branches and leaves, robust and free of diseases and insect pests as mother bamboos. When excavating the mother bamboo, the whip should be more than 15cm, preferably more than 25cm, and the whip should be removed for more than 30cm. Pay attention to protecting the whip buds and roots, and the screws are easy to be damaged. The mother bamboo is covered with sufficient soil. After the mother bamboo is dug up, the soil ball is wrapped to keep moisture, and the branches are left for 3-5 trays. Cut the bamboo tip, the incision should be smooth.

(3) Planting of mother bamboo of yellow sweet bamboo: the planting time of mother bamboo in plot 1 is February 2016, and the planting time of plot 2 is March 2016.

Treatment 1: traditional planting: the main points are: first, the mother bamboo should be planted in time after it is transported to the forestation site. The second is to properly repair the holes and pad the topsoil before planting, and then put the mother bamboo into the hole to let the whip roots stretch naturally; pay attention to the topsoil returning to the hole, the lower part of the bamboo shrub is closely connected with the pad soil, so that the depth of the mother bamboo shrub is 3 times deeper than the original soil. -5cm, and then backfill the hole soil layer by layer from bottom to top. Keep the bamboo stump firm so that the bamboo whip and the soil are tightly bonded. The third is to water thoroughly when planting, and then cultivate the soil into a steamed bun shape.

Treatment 2: improved planting: that is, on the basis of traditional planting, the whip-expanding substrate of the grass-worm system in Example 1 was added. The specific operations are as follows: 1) Repair hole: trim the size and depth of the planting hole to ensure that the length of the planting hole along the horizontal direction is more than 10cm longer than the length of the bamboo whip of the mother bamboo, and the depth is 5-10cm deeper than the suitable depth for planting of the mother bamboo; 2) Backfilling the mixed soil: add the soil dug up when repairing the hole into the whip matrix to obtain the mixed soil; first fill the mixed soil into the bottom of the planting hole, and the filling thickness is 5-10cm; the expanded whip matrix is the grass earthworm in Example 1 When the coverage of white clover reaches more than 90%, the material obtained by fully mixing the components in the incubator, that is, the water retention layer, straw layer, earthworm layer, earth dung layer, matrix layer and white clover Mixture; 3) Mother bamboo planting: place the mother bamboo stalks in the planting hole, pay attention to the horizontal direction of the mother bamboo whip, place it on the top of the mixed soil, and then backfill with the mixed soil, layered firmly, so that the root whip and the mixed soil The soil is closely connected, and the depth of covering soil is 3-5cm deeper than the original part of the mother bamboo. Water it thoroughly, and cultivate the upper part into a steamed bun shape. The expansion whip matrix that every hole adds is about 5kg. 4) In the woodland where no bamboo was planted after the mother bamboo was planted, the square dimple holes were dug evenly, and the grass and earthworm system was planted in the dimple holes, and the gaps in the holes were backfilled with the forest soil; Scale configuration (see Figure 1). A total of 4 mother bamboos in the upper and lower adjacent rows are used as a block K. In the middle of the block, that is, at the intersection point of the diagonals of the 4 mother bamboos, dig a square hole M for placing the grass and earthworm system. The size of the square hole It needs to be larger than the size of the incubator. After the grass and earthworm system is implanted in the square hole, untie the buckles used to connect the bottom plate and the side plates, and untie the hinges between the side plates. Leave the bottom plate in the ground, take out the side plates, and repeat Utilization; the upper surface of the substrate layer of the grass-worm system after implantation is equal to the forest land.

(4) Bamboo forest management: After afforestation, bamboo forest management shall be carried out according to conventional methods.

In November 2017, soil samples were collected in the forest land, and the mixed samples of the soil layer 0-40cm were taken to measure the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The ring knife method (LY/T 1215-1999) was used to measure the soil bulk density and porosity. Soil organic matter (potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method LY/T1237-1999), hydrolyzed nitrogen (alkali solution diffusion method LY/T 1229-1999), available phosphorus (NH ₄ F-HCI extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric Method LY/T 1233-1999), available potassium (CH ₃ COONH ₄ leaching - flame photometry LY/T 236-1999). The results of soil physical and chemical properties are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Determination of physical and chemical properties of soil

In October 2017, the investigation and statistics of all female bamboos and new bamboos in Land 1 and Land 2 were carried out to calculate the survival rate of afforestation female bamboos, and count the number and ground diameter of new bamboos. Quantify and measure the ground diameter, and the results are shown in Table 2. The results show that the adoption of improved planting can improve the survival rate of afforestation, greatly increase the number of new bamboos, and also promote the increase of ground diameter. The increase of the number of new bamboos increases the density of standing bamboos in forest land, thus realizing rapid forestation.

Table 2 Investigation statistics of mother bamboo and new bamboo after afforestation of yellow sweet bamboo Unit: plant

The reason that the present invention realizes fast forestation is mainly as follows:

(1) The white clover ( Trifolium repens L) used in the present invention is a perennial herb of the family Fabaceae, with a height of 10-30 cm. The lateral roots and fibrous roots are developed, and the stems are creeping. It has wide adaptability, strong heat and cold resistance, can grow vigorously in acidic soil, and has good ecological and economic value. White clover grows luxuriantly, has strong competitive ability, tolerates half shade, grows rapidly, can quickly cover the forest floor, establishes a single population advantage, prevents the growth of other weeds, and reduces surface water evaporation. There are a large number of root nodules on the main root and lateral root of white clover, which can fix nitrogen in the air. At the same time, it can also input organic matter into the soil, promote the activities of earthworms and soil microorganisms, improve the soil, increase soil fertility and fertilizer effect on utilization.

(2) Earthworms continuously drill holes vertically and horizontally and swallow soil and defecate, turning the barren and compacted soil into loose and porous, ventilated, water-permeable, moisture-retaining and fertile mature soil that can promote the growth of crop roots, achieving the effect of no-tillage or less-tillage, both It can improve soil fertility and reduce labor intensity. Earthworms transform complex organic matter into a form usable by microorganisms through activities such as feeding, crushing, and mixing, and provide nutrients and energy for the survival of soil microorganisms, promote microbial reproduction, and increase the number of microorganisms. At the same time, it increases the contact area between soil microorganisms and organic matter, promotes the mineralization of organic matter by microorganisms, affects key processes such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient cycles in the soil, and maintains the cycle of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soil.

(3) The lateral roots and fibrous roots of the white clover in this system are developed, grow rapidly, and have a large biomass above the ground. The dead roots and litter can provide the required food for the earthworms in the lower layer. The earthworm activity in the lower layer can create better soil fertility for the growth of white clover and improve soil physicochemistry. The medium sand + water-retaining agent layer can save water for the whole system when it rains, provide water when there is continuous drought, and ensure the humidity of the whole system in summer.

(4) After the system is used in the woodland, the white clover and earthworms will continue to spread to the surrounding woodland through the seeds and roots through the location of the system, and the earthworms will spread from the inside of the device to the surrounding woodland through activities. Thereby gradually improving the soil condition of the whole bamboo forest, and forming an ecological system with a virtuous cycle of bamboo, grass, fertilizer and water in the bamboo forest. The white clover gradually spreads to the edge of the forest, thereby improving the soil fertility of the edge of the forest, promoting the growth of bamboo whips to the edge of the forest, and realizing the continuous expansion of the bamboo forest area.

The grass earthworm system can not only be used for yellow sweet bamboo, but also can be used for moso bamboo, square bamboo, high-section bamboo, thunder bamboo, green bamboo, etc. The application method can be appropriately adjusted according to different financial resources and bamboo types, and can also be used For young forests of newly planted bamboo forests, the system can be implanted in the open space of bamboo forests without adding chemical fertilizers and pesticides to realize ecological cultivation.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, main includes plantation measures and site preparation, female bamboo The management of bamboo grove after selection, plantation and plantation, it is characterised in that：With the use of careless earthworm system when the plantation；The grass earthworm System is to be implanted with the Trifolium repense system that earthworm is bred in lower part in systems in system top kind using matrix.

2. a kind of promotion according to claim 1 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute It is as follows to state implantation methods：

1）Repair cave：The size and depth of finishing kind plant hole ensure that the length of kind of plant hole in the horizontal direction is longer than female bamboo bamboo whip length 10cm or more, depth depth 5-10cm of the depth than female bamboo suitable planting；

2）Backfill composite soil：The soil dug when repairing cave is added and expands whip matrix, obtains composite soil；Composite soil is first inserted into kind of a plant hole Bottom, filling thickness are 5-10cm；The whip matrix that expands is the substance that careless earthworm system obtains after evenly mixing；

3）Female bamboo kind is planted：Female bamboo bamboo root and stem of certain plants is placed in kind of plant hole, female bamboo whip is paid attention in the horizontal direction, is placed in and is filled with composite soil Top, then with mixing earthen backfill, layering is steady and sure, and root whip is made to touch with soil, thickness of earth-fill cover buried part depth 3- originally than female bamboo 5cm, top are trained into steamed bun shape；

4）Uniformly increase excavation shape in the forest land for not planting bamboo after the plant of female bamboo kind and expand whip cave, careless earthworm system is implanted into expanding whip cave System is used in combination timbered soil to backfill cave gap；Preferably, the mother bamboo presses 4 with whip cave is expanded:1 proportional arrangement.

3. a kind of promotion according to claim 1 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute The careless earthworm system stated includes by bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）The incubator of composition is equipped in the incubator and protects successively from bottom to up Water layer（A）, straw layer（B）, earthworm layer (C), earthworm excrement layer (D) and hypothallus (E)；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator（3）.

4. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute State side plate（2）It is made for clear resinous materials, bottom plate（1）It is made for wood materials, is adopted between the adjacent side plates It is hinged, connection fixed by snap between side plate and bottom plate；The incubator size is：Length × width × height is respectively 60cm×60cm×70cm；The bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）On be equipped with water-permeable and air permeable hole（5）；The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia For 0.1-0.3cm, it is uniformly distributed by 1 cm × 1cm spacing.

5. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：It protects Water layer（A）Thickness is 10cm；Straw layer（B）Thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer (C) thickness is 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer (D) thickness For 1-2cm；Hypothallus (E) thickness is 10-15cm.

6. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute State water conservation layer（A）Material is sand in the cleaning for add water-retaining agent, and water-retaining agent is added for 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount by mass percentage Add, the water conservation agent prescription is：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；0.5%-1.0% Crosslinking agent；It is described water conservation layer preparation method be：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, waits being retained After agent suctions water, pave into incubator bottom.

7. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute Stating earthworm layer (C) production method is：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel, waste bacterium rod, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 is fully mixed It is even, after decomposed, pave to straw layer（B）The upper surface of, each incubator is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, and earthworm type is dwelt type by table： It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio.

8. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute The matrix formulations for stating hypothallus (E) are：It is having for the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of 50% peat+5% by mass percentage The composite fertilizer of machine fertilizer+5%；Trifolium repense is planted in the hypothallus, specific method is：Selection is by the end of March under by the end of April or in September Ten days, in hypothallus（E Trifolium repense seed is sowed in)；Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, 0.1% Gao Meng is used in combination It is sowed after sour potassium solution disinfection；Uniform broadcasting, the grain weight that each incubator broadcasts sowing are 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, harrow in time A kind of farm tools is emerged with profit；Clover seedling stage, seedling stage, which should intertill, to weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management easily by weed infestation, and When pest control endanger.

9. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute State commissioning pipe（3）Middle and lower part is equipped with arched door shaped opening (3-1)；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The commissioning pipe Bottom is placed in straw layer（C）Top；The height of commissioning pipe is 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening is 20-30cm, width 4-6cm, each incubator are equipped with 4 commissioning pipes（3）.

10. a kind of careless earthworm system for improving bamboo grove PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL, it is characterised in that the careless earthworm system includes the bottom of by Plate（1）And side plate（2）The incubator of composition is equipped with water conservation layer in the incubator successively from bottom to up（A）, straw layer（B）, earthworm Earthworm layer (C), earthworm excrement layer (D) and hypothallus (E)；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator（3）；The side plate（2）For transparent tree Lipid materials are made, bottom plate（1）Be made for wood materials, between the adjacent side plates use hinge connection, side plate with Connection fixed by snap between bottom plate；The incubator size is：Length × width × height is respectively 60cm × 60cm × 70cm；Institute State bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）On be equipped with water-permeable and air permeable hole（5）；The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia is 0.1-0.3cm, by 1 cm × 1cm spacing is uniformly distributed；The water conservation layer（A）Thickness is 10cm；Straw layer（B）Thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer (C) thickness For 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer (D) thickness is 1-2cm；Hypothallus (E) thickness is 10-15cm；

The water conservation layer（A）Material be add water-retaining agent cleaning in sand, water-retaining agent by mass percentage be 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount into Row addition, the water conservation agent prescription are：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；0.5%- 1.0% crosslinking agent；It is described water conservation layer preparation method be：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, waits for After water-retaining agent suctions water, pave into incubator bottom；Earthworm layer (C) production method be：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel, Waste bacterium rod, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 mixes well, and after decomposed, paves to straw layer（B）The upper surface of, each incubator It is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, earthworm type is dwelt type by table：It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio；The matrix formulations of the hypothallus (E) are： It is the composite fertilizer of the organic fertilizer+5% of the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of 50% peat+5% by mass percentage；The matrix Trifolium repense is planted in layer, specific method is：Selection is by the end of March to by the end of April or mid or late September, in hypothallus（E Trifolium repense is sowed in) Seed；Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, is sowed after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate is used in combination；Uniformly spread It broadcasts, the grain weight that each incubator broadcasts sowing is 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, a kind of farm tools is harrowed in time, is emerged with profit；Clover seedling stage easily by Weed infestation, seedling stage, which should intertill, to weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management, timely pest control harm；The commissioning pipe （3）Middle and lower part is equipped with arched door shaped opening (3-1)；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The bottom of the tube that feeds intake is placed in Straw layer（C）Top；The height of commissioning pipe is 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening is 20-30cm, Width is 4-6cm, and each incubator is equipped with 4 commissioning pipes（3）.