CN103348599A - System and method for mitigating the cliff effect for content delivery over a heterogeneous network - Google Patents
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Abstract
A transmitter, a receiver and a method for mitigating the cliff effect for content delivery over a heterogeneous network are provided. In one embodiment, the transmitter includes: (1) a joint encoder configured to receive a content unit and generate multiple quantized representations thereof and (2) an erasing quantizer associated with the joint encoder and configured to select, from uncoded symbols representing the content unit, multiple subsets of the uncoded symbols. The multiple quantized representations and the multiple subsets of the uncoded symbols are associated to form multiple, independently quantized, correlated descriptions of the content unit. Two design parameters may be employed to control the level of correlation. In one embodiment, the receiver includes: (1) a joint decoder configured to decode quantized representations extracted from received descriptions representing a content unit and (2) a summing junction associated with the joint decoder and configured to employ at least one uncoded symbol representing the content unit to compensate for at least one corresponding symbol that the joint decoder failed to decode.
Description
Technical field
The application relates generally to digital communication, relates more specifically to alleviate the steep cliff effect that content transmitted quality or obtainable delivery of content speed is had adverse effect at the isomery digital network.
Background technology
People may expect that the content quality that receives by digital channel reduces reposefully along with the decline of channel quality.Yet in reality, when channel quality was lower than specific critical point, the quality of received content can sharply descend suddenly.The technical staff of digital communicating field is called " steep cliff effect ".(and violate intuitively) on the contrary, if channel quality is higher than critical point, the quality of received content can be than in the critical point fashion yet.
Though the steep cliff effect is intrinsic in the digital communication, do not cause practical problem up to date yet, this is because most of digital contents are that point-to-point (clean culture) transmits in the network with quite constant channel quality up to now.The transmitter of point-to-point communication has the advantage of channel characteristic that sensing adopts.Based on these characteristics, transmitter can utilize traditional resource code and channel coding technology to encode for the content of those characteristics and alleviate the steep cliff effect.
Yet digital network of today (as content distribution network and movement and the wireless network of special use) is responsible for transmitting content and is given the isomery user under the different channels condition.Therefore, the steep cliff effect becomes the significant obstacle of efficient multi-casting communication.So, when transmitting the stream content to a plurality of user simultaneously, not only the recipient of those channel quality subcritical points receives obsolete stream, just is that the channel quality recipient that is higher than critical point (even being significantly higher than) can not benefit from it because of the enhancing of its channel quality yet.
Summary of the invention
A kind of transmitter for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content on the heterogeneous network is provided on the one hand.In one embodiment, described transmitter comprises: (1) combined coding device, a plurality of quantization means that it is configured to receive content element and generates described content element; And (2) related with described combined coding device wipe quantizer, it is configured to select the subclass of a plurality of not coded identifications from the not coded identification of representing described content element.A plurality of independent the quantifications and the description of relevant described content element of described a plurality of quantization means and the associated formation of the subclass of described a plurality of not coded identifications.Relevant rank can adopt two design parameters to control.
A kind of method for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content on the heterogeneous network is provided on the other hand.In one embodiment, described method comprises: (1) encoded content unit is to generate the quantization means of special speed; (2) only select the not subclass of encoded content unit symbol; (3) subclass of described quantization means and described not encoded content unit symbol is ranked, to be used for the transmission on the network; And (4) repeat described coding, selection and queuing, mixes and describe to be used for generating other.
Another aspect provides a kind of receiver for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content on the heterogeneous network.In one embodiment, described receiver comprises: (1) joint decoder, the quantization means that it is configured to decode and extracts from the description of the expression content element that receives; And (2) summing junction related with described joint decoder, its be configured to adopt the described content element of expression at least one not coded identification compensate at least one respective symbol that described joint decoder can't be decoded.
Description of drawings
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to following description, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an embodiment of transmitter, various receiver and the network between transmitter and receiver that can act on for the system of the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content at heterogeneous network or method;
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment for the system of the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content at heterogeneous network;
Fig. 3 A is the mathematic(al) representation that is used for the optimum quantization device in gaussian signal source under given speed;
Fig. 3 B is the mathematic(al) representation with embodiment of the combined coding device of Fig. 2 of the optimum quantization device that is used for the gaussian signal source of Fig. 3 A and joint decoder;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of different embodiment of system that is applied to conventional video encoder, is used for alleviating at heterogeneous network the steep cliff effect of delivery of content;
Fig. 5 is for based on the joint decoder of optimum quantization device, based on the joint decoder of wiping quantizer with based on the distortion comparison diagram of the function that is expressed as channel quality of the joint decoder of mixing quantizer;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of an embodiment of method that alleviates the steep cliff effect of delivery of content at heterogeneous network.
Embodiment
Though the steep cliff effect does not cause practical problem yet up to date, people have made some trials that alleviate the steep cliff effect.Certain methods comprises multiple encoding.The representative of these trials is the level and smooth stream of Microsoft
TMSoft cast with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
TMUnfortunately, level and smooth stream
TMAnd soft cast
TMUse limitation is arranged because they need special transmission or storage resources.For example, level and smooth stream
TMNeed that not only channel quality information is fed back to the sufficient storage area of transmitter but also needs from each receiver and store different editions for the identical content of different channels quality.Soft cast
TMToo need a large amount of transmission bandwidths, this is because each real number representation of pixel also needs to send to another numeral of receiver, and does not provide any mechanism to come rate distortion balance to control.
Other method concentrates on adaptive channel encoding, adopts the method for mixed automatic retransmission request (HARQ) technology such as those.Unfortunately, adaptive channel encoding can cause the rough relatively reduction of content reconstruction quality along with the deterioration of channel quality.When content was video content, adaptive channel encoding reduced time-delay, but can not improve picture quality (because source code has determined picture quality).
Yet also there is other method to concentrate on the self adaptation source code, such as the H.264 scalable video of video compression standard (SVC) expansion of well-known IEEE.The self adaptation source code adopts progressively refinement or progressive (multilayer) coding, and these all can cause the scalable content representation of each content element (as frame of video or audio parsing or computer data).For generating single basic unit, each unit represents to represent with one or more enhancement layers.Because one or more enhancement layers represent that the corresponding basic unit of depending on them represents, so if use enhancement layer to represent, must before the corresponding enhancement layer that reception comprises the grouping that basic unit represents is represented, receive this grouping.Unfortunately, when the needs base layer packets, it is unavailable up to them that network congestion usually can postpone the transmission of base layer packets.Thereby the basic unit of not only having lost this unit, also lost the enhancement layer of any correspondence.
Describe to be used for before heterogeneous network alleviates the various embodiment of system and method for steep cliff effect of delivery of content, will to show and illustrate a kind of typical environment.Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an embodiment of a kind of system for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content at heterogeneous network or method transmitter 120, various receiver 140a, 150a, 160a, 170a and the network between transmitter and receiver 130 that can act on.Content source 110 comprises channel 140b, 150b, 160b, the 170b by network 130 and is transferred to the content of receiver 140a, 150a, 160a, 170a with the form of various descriptions from transmitter 120.Each channel correspondence some " subchannels ", and a description (quantization means) of each this content of subchannel transmission.In illustrated embodiment, at least some receiver 140a, 150a, 160a, 170a are isomery (belonging to dissimilar), and pass through the channel reception description different with all the other channel quantities of self thus.And in illustrated embodiment, therefore at least one channel 140b, 150b, 160b, 170b receive the different description of quantity in time according to the quality time to time change, the channel that the subchannel that described different description correspondence is constantly changed by quantity is formed.
This paper has introduced the various embodiment for the system and method for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content at heterogeneous network now.In general, various embodiment adopt the joint source channel coding technology.This technology is carried out multiple description (MD) coding based on channel characteristics.Some embodiment of joint source channel coding technology provide at least one near optimal solution at the steep cliff effect.
It is the following term of purpose definition with the disclosure." content " is defined as comprising any numerical data of flow data, and comprises analogue data, digital audio, video and computer program and the data that are converted into digital form." heterogeneous network " is defined as the different physical medias that comprise the above receiver of a class, different access technologies, network link, the network of different distributions layer (as overlay network, peer-to-peer network, content distributing network), and these can both be uploaded bandwidth by heterogeneous nodes and be described." MD coding " is defined as the use of a plurality of independent quantization means of describing content element (as frame of video or the interim time domain fragment of audio frequency).Different with SVC, the MD coding generates self-contained expression.The basic unit that does not exist other (as enhancement layer) expression to rely on represents.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of embodiment of the system for the steep cliff effect that alleviates delivery of content at heterogeneous network.As described in Figure 2, the transmitter among Fig. 1 120 comprises combined coding device 210 and wipes quantizer 220.
Combined coding device 210 can be that each quantization means all can cause the little distortion of the best of its information rate for any combined coding device of a plurality of quantization means that generate content element.Combined coding device 210 can be optionally be made up of a plurality of examples of encoder of single quantization means that are used for generating content element of state-of-the-art or exploitation recently.Combined coding device 210 is suitable for content is encoded.For example, if content is video flowing, encoder can carry out traditional video compression algorithm, and this traditional video compression algorithm is to be quantized and entropy is encoded by linear transformation (DCT), (nonlinear), perhaps based on the coding of linear code (as FFmpeg, QuickTime
TMH264, Huffyuve or 3ivx) form.
Usually, wiping quantizer 220 is used for selecting not a plurality of subclass of coded identification from the not coded identification of expression content element.In various embodiments, wipe quantizer 220 and be used for being configured to wipe symbol based on the information rate of distributing to it, in other words, divide the quantity that parameter is calculated the not coded identification of each description according to speed.It is different because of description not wipe symbol.Especially, wipe quantizer and can select the polylith continuously not decoding symbols adjacent with original series, and wipe the tail end of this sequence remainder.Yet according to content and application, this may cause the pseudo-shadow (artifact) of distortion in content reconstruction, therefore, at first original series is replaced, and selects adjacent block as subclass waiting for transmission then.Below detailed description is wiped some embodiment of quantizer 220.
The unit of content is offered combined coding device 210 and wipes quantizer 220.As mentioned above, combined coding device 210 is configured to generate a plurality of quantization means of content element.Wiping quantizer 220 is configured to wipe some symbols and selects other symbol in this process.
Continuation will adopt the output of the combined coding device 210 of quantization means form to offer respective packets 230 with reference to figure 2, and like this, each grouping comprises corresponding to the specific description quantization means 240 of (namely being used for special speed).Similarly, selected not with adopting that the output of wiping quantizer 220 of encoded content unit symbol form offers respective packets 230, like this, each grouping comprises the not encoded content unit symbol of having selected 250.Under given speed, grouping comprises the independent of content element that offers transmitter 120 with corresponding header 260 and quantizes but relevant description.
Owing to considered further description, though providing, some embodiment of this system and method allow linear some that improve content reconstruction to describe, other embodiment optimizes these descriptions at more possible channel status by the mode of cutting out.
Some embodiment that will illustrate and describe among the present invention adopt the description with compression ratio based on the channel quality quantification technique, and this channel quality quantification technique carries out descriptive statistics to the channel that is used for the transmission content.Do not considering how to determine that under the situation of compression ratio, then this compression ratio is divided into two parts: a part is distributed to lossy encoder (it can be optimal rate distortion encoder) output, and another part is distributed to not coding source symbol.For each description, will have then carrying encoder output and not the grouping of the appropriate section of coding source symbol be transferred to each receiver by network.
After transmission, various receivers receive at least some groupings 230 by network.That each receiver can be is dissimilar (for example, different aspect ratios, bit rate, resolution or be applied in term " definition " in the TV domain) or belong to same type, but time to time change (that is, supposing the channel conditions time to time change).In the various embodiment that wait to illustrate and describe, use different receivers to imitate the different channels situation.Each receiver is configured to describe this content of reconstruction based on minimum one.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of typical receiver 140 comprises joint decoder 270 and summing junction 280.Joint decoder 270 one or more descriptions that receive that are configured to decode.The description of hypothesis decoding is suitable for the type (represented in one embodiment as header 260) of receiver 140 and is in time received in order to use the content element of explanation in the description.According to Fig. 2, joint decoder 270 be used for being configured to decode quantization means 240 (together with any quantization means that other has been decoded and has described) and its output offered summing junction 280.Summing junction 280 be associated with joint decoder 270 and be configured to adopt at least one not encoded content unit symbol (together with the one or more corresponding not encoded content unit symbol of any description that other is received) come at least one respective symbol that compensated decoder can't decode in order to produce the reconstruction of content element.Can indicate as application-specific, can play, store or the content element of processing reconstructed otherwise.
Can be according to the description m of maximum quantity and speed division rate x (as by the programmable software parameter) configuration combined coding device 210 in order to realize execution point near optimum rate distortion curve by corresponding a plurality of channel statuss.In one embodiment, regardless of the current state of channel or network, all can adopt descriptive statistics (or performance statistics of network) m and the x of channel status to be set to converge on the operation of near-optimization at least.
In the following description, will note the situation of symmetry, in this case, the speed R that is associated with single description is equal to each other, and the quantity of the description that receives is only depended in distortion.Therefore, at m description, only there be m different receiver (decoder) and m reconstruction.Speed R is consistent with the capacity of subchannel, and the capacity of this subchannel obtains by maximum available transmission capacity being divided into m disjoint channel.So each description sends by disjoint channel, suppose under given actual transmissions capacity, to exist a description.
For each description, then speed R is divided into R
1=R/x (wherein x〉1) and R
2=R-R
1Then, at each description grouping is defined.In a kind of embodiment that waits to illustrate and describe, each grouping comprises the output of wiping quantizer and according to being used for speed R
1The Shannon's law rate distortion and the output of the quantizer of optimal design.Wiping quantizer is configured to remove and has probability (1-R
2) not coding source symbol and stay remaining (having selected) not coded identification be used for transmitting in grouping.
The output of optimum quantization device will be called Q output, and the output of wiping quantizer will be called E output.In illustrated embodiment, each R
1The input of optimum quantization device is by the R that generates other description
1The input of optimum quantization device quantizes independently, and is disjoint by wiping wiping that quantizer generates in different descriptions.Therefore, because each Q output expression distortion but the independently observation at (and therefore innovation) place, source, each description that receives all helps reconstruction quality, and this is not only because each is described easily and adds different not decoding symbols from its E output, also is because reduced quantization error.
The pixel that traditional video encoder employing linear transformation comes the projects images macro block has only a spot of remarkable conversion coefficient to describe macro block well to suitable substrate like this.The designer of this encoder has defined the conspicuousness thresholding, this conspicuousness thresholding define successively keep how many coefficients and their number range and accurately level what are (being the figure place that each coefficient will be represented).Can suppose that each piece comprises s significantly coefficient, and the precision of these remarkable coefficients defines by insert the mixing quantizer between transform coder and entropy coder.Owing to only carried out good definition at binary system and gaussian signal source to mixing quantizer, therefore by will be from i coefficient sets of each piece to i plane p
(i)Create " coefficient symbols plane ":
Because these coefficients have been removed correlation by dct transform, can suppose that therefore planar all coefficients all are (i.i.d) Gauss values that independently and equally distributes:
Therefore, before inserting the mixing quantizer, some reorganization of DCT coefficient expire.
A plurality of Video Codecs of revising are by this way made up with wiping quantizer, just constituted an embodiment of associating hybrid coder.
Fig. 3 A is the mathematic(al) representation that is used for the optimum quantization device in gaussian signal source under given speed.Fig. 3 B is the mathematic(al) representation with embodiment of the combined coding device 210 of Fig. 2 of the optimum quantization device that is used for the gaussian signal source of Fig. 3 A and joint decoder 270.To configuration and the operation of some embodiment of combined coding device 210 and joint decoder 270 be described now.In illustrated embodiment, with the coefficient in each plane i
Be regarded as gaussian signal source (in Fig. 3 A and 3A, being expressed as common variable X), and with optimum Gauss's quantizer 210 of speed C/m each information source quantized m time.The C here represents the heap(ed) capacity at the standardized delivery of content media in each plane (channel or network).Fig. 3 A indication optimum quantization is at random, and each to describe all are independent quantifications, even their distortion variance
Identical and all definite by the least mean-square error estimation (MMSE) of describing distortion for each and speed optimization criteria:
In decoder, if received k description, optimum is reconstituted in and is linear in its summation so, and linear coefficient is
When decoder formed the reconstruction of floor coefficient, what remaining decoding can be with legacy system was the same.
For illustrated system embodiment, each is described optimum quantization is speed C/mx, x＞1, and the description that will quantize is represented with bit.This may cause some mass losses, but conventional art can have this shortcoming equally, and shown in Ziv, at " in general quantification " (IEEE Trans.on Info.Theory, vol.31, no.3,1985) in, the coding techniques that forms by the scalar uniform quantizer after entropy coding produces in each sample that relevant R (D) limits and is no more than the speed punishment of 0.754 bit, thereby retrains quantizer and become the scalar uniform quantizer and should spend and be no more than 0.754/C channel symbol/source symbol.To represent each U
iBit with represent not quantization parameter
Bit packing, reach the speed of C/m.In illustrated embodiment, this speed finally defines the size of grouping.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of different embodiment of system that is used for alleviating at heterogeneous network the steep cliff effect of delivery of content that is applied to conventional video encoder.In Fig. 4, X is the binary sequence of creating by with the DCT coefficient intersection of uniform quantization.Be that the bit of the intersection of l is regarded binary symmetric source as with length.
Fig. 5 is for joint decoder, wipes quantizer and mix the distortion comparison diagram of the function that is expressed as channel quality of quantizer.It is the distortion of the joint decoder described of 100 optimum quantization that curve 510 relates to for what operate in content element.It is 100 non-intersect distortion of wiping the decoder of subclass for content element that curve 520 relates to.Curve 530 relates to for being the distortion of the joint decoder described of 100 mixing with what to be 16 speed division rate operated in content element.Apparently, in the zone 540 of more possible channel status, distortion reduction.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of embodiment of method that alleviates the steep cliff effect of delivery of content at heterogeneous network.This method starts from beginning step 610.In step 620, content element encoded at special speed represent with generating quantification.In step 630, only select the not subclass of encoded content unit symbol.In step 640, with quantization means and not the subclass queuing of coding unit symbol so that transmission is transferred to various receivers by network subsequently.In one embodiment, with quantization means and not the subclass of coding unit symbol be assembled in the grouping as mix describe and queuing so that transmission.In determining step 650, determine whether to generate and transmit the more polyhybird description of this content element.If, describe at each required, repeating step 620,630,640; Otherwise, finish this method in step 650.
The technical staff in the related field of the application will appreciate that, can carry out other and further interpolation, deletion, substitutions and modifications to described embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. transmitter that is used for alleviating at heterogeneous network the steep cliff effect of delivery of content comprises:
The combined coding device is configured to receive content element, and generates a plurality of quantization means of described content element;
Related with the described combined coding device quantizer of wiping is configured to select a plurality of subclass of described not coded identification from the not coded identification of representing described content element,
A plurality of independent the quantification and relevant description of the described content element of the associated formation of a plurality of subclass of described a plurality of quantization means and described not coded identification.
2. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein, is describedly wiped the not coded identification that quantizer further is configured to select continuously a plurality of substitution block of coded identification not and wipes any remainder.
3. transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described combined coding device comprises a plurality of conventional codec examples, described conventional codec is configured to generate the single quantization means of described content element.
4. transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of quantization means differ from one another aspect speed.
5. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein, at channel status more likely, is optimized described a plurality of independent descriptions that quantize, are correlated with.
6. transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of subclass of described not coded identification differ from one another.
7. transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of quantization means are ranked for transmitting at the disjoint channel of described heterogeneous network.
8. method that is used for alleviating on the heterogeneous network steep cliff effect of delivery of content comprises:
The encoded content unit is to generate the quantization means of special speed;
Only select the not subclass of encoded content unit symbol;
To described quantization means and not the described subclass of encoded content unit symbol rank so that in transmission over networks; And
Repeat described coding, selection and queue step and mix description in order to generate other.
9. receiver that is used for alleviating at heterogeneous network the steep cliff effect of delivery of content comprises:
Joint decoder, the quantization means that is configured to decode and from the description of the expression content element that receives, extracts; And
The summing junction related with described joint decoder, and the not coded identification that is configured to adopt at least one to represent described content element compensates the respective symbol that at least one described joint decoder can't be decoded.
10. receiver as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described joint decoder comprises a plurality of conventional decoder examples, described conventional decoder is configured to independent of the described quantization means of disposable decoding.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/024,509 | 2011-02-10 | ||
| US13/024,509 US9203427B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | System and method for mitigating the cliff effect for content delivery over a heterogeneous network |
| PCT/US2012/023978 WO2012109146A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-02-06 | System and method for mitigating the cliff effect for content delivery over a heterogeneous network |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103348599A true CN103348599A (en) | 2013-10-09 |
| CN103348599B CN103348599B (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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| CN104811272A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-29 | 北京邮电大学 | Cooperative communication method, device and system between terminals |
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| US9602841B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2017-03-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for decoding scalable video coding |
| WO2017011943A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal transmission method, apparatus, and device |
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| EP1615441A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-11 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Multiple description coding combined with channel encoding |
| CN101340261A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for multiple description encoding and multiple description decoding |
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| US6330370B2 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2001-12-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multiple description transform coding of images using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension |
| US6728924B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2004-04-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Packet loss control method for real-time multimedia communications |
| US6996618B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2006-02-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method for handling off multiple description streaming media sessions between servers in fixed and mobile streaming media systems |
| KR20050084313A (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-08-26 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Method of coding video streams for low-cost multiple description at gateways |
| JP2007507147A (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2007-03-22 | アミモン リミテッド | Wireless transmission of high-quality video |
| US20100033622A1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2010-02-11 | Erwin Bellers | Multiple description coding video transmission using de-interlacing mechanisms |
| US7720299B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-05-18 | The Aerospace Corporation | Compressed data multiple description transmission and resolution conversion system |
| EP1931148B1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2011-11-30 | NTT DoCoMo, Inc. | Transcoding node and method for multiple description transcoding |
| WO2009045148A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for multiple description coding |
| US9020029B2 (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2015-04-28 | Alcatel Lucent | Arbitrary precision multiple description coding |
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- 2011-02-10 US US13/024,509 patent/US9203427B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1615441A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-11 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Multiple description coding combined with channel encoding |
| CN101340261A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for multiple description encoding and multiple description decoding |
| EP2146436A1 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-01-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | The method, apparatus and system for multiple-description coding and decoding |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104811272A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-29 | 北京邮电大学 | Cooperative communication method, device and system between terminals |
| CN104811272B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-10-19 | 北京邮电大学 | Collaboration communication method, equipment and the system of terminal room |
Also Published As
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| JP5837943B2 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| WO2012109146A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| US9203427B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
| US20120207209A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| KR20130114720A (en) | 2013-10-17 |
| CN103348599B (en) | 2016-11-16 |
| KR101549316B1 (en) | 2015-09-01 |
| EP2673883A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
| JP2014506759A (en) | 2014-03-17 |
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