CN103280846B - A kind of flexible photovoltaic integration power-supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, which includes a physical power supply, a chemical power supply and a power supply controller. The physical power source converts solar energy into electrical energy, using flexible thin film solar cell components, including amorphous silicon thin film solar cell components, microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell components, amorphous silicon germanium thin film solar cell components, and stacked solar cells composed of them components, or copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell components. The chemical power supply uses battery components, including nickel-cadmium battery components, nickel-metal hydride battery components, lithium-ion battery components, alkaline manganese rechargeable battery components or lead-acid battery components. The power controller is a solar power single-output controller, the model is V‑ST10, which is connected to the physical power supply, the chemical power supply and the load respectively, and serves as a power controller for regulating the physical power supply and the chemical power supply. The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system provided by the present invention has the advantages of good flexibility, light weight, high strength, and good environmental tolerance.

Description

A flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system

technical field

The present invention relates to a new energy photovoltaic system, in particular to a flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system.

Background technique

Solar photovoltaic power generation is a popular and expected energy source among clean and renewable energy sources. The energy that the sun irradiates on the earth can meet all the energy needed by all human beings to survive. Solar photovoltaic power generation was first used on artificial satellites, and general civilian use began around 1994. Although it has only a short history of more than ten years, it has developed very rapidly. Traditional silicon-based thin-film solar cells are deposited on rigid substrates such as glass. This type of solar cell is bulky, heavy, and consumes energy. It can only be used for power generation at a fixed flat position, which limits its application range.

Flexible thin-film solar cells deposited on flexible substrates such as polyester films can well avoid the shortcomings and drawbacks of rigid solar cells. Flexible solar cells are usually thin, lightweight, and have a good pack-to-volume ratio. It saves material and energy in the pilot test or production process, and is not limited by the shape of the installation surface, it can be easily bent or curled arbitrarily; it can also be used as a backup power supply in emergency situations or a power supply for communicators; it can also be used as a space Use the power supply of artificial satellites.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible thin film solar cell module as a power supply to convert solar energy into electric energy, and use a chemical power source as an energy storage power supply to realize the storage of electric energy. The system can be better applied to unrestricted curvature substrates, and can realize seamless connection of different area sizes and different curvature shapes.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, wherein the power supply system includes a physical power supply, a chemical power supply and a power supply controller.

The physical power source converts solar energy into electrical energy. Using flexible thin film solar cell components, including amorphous silicon thin film solar cell components, microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell components, amorphous silicon germanium thin film solar cell components, and stacked solar cell components composed of any one or several of them, Or copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell components.

The chemical power source can be used as an energy storage power source to store electric energy, using battery components, including nickel-cadmium battery components, nickel-metal hydride battery components, lithium-ion battery components, alkaline manganese rechargeable battery components or lead-acid battery components.

The power controller is a solar power single output controller, the model is V-ST10, which is respectively connected to the physical power supply, the chemical power supply and the load, and serves as a power controller for regulating the physical power supply and the chemical power supply.

In the above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, wherein, the solar power single-output controller is a single-chip intelligent controller that realizes solar charging of the storage battery through pulse width modulation (PMW). Solar cells are photovoltaic devices (the main part is semiconductor materials), which generate current through the photoelectric effect after being irradiated by light. Due to the properties and limitations of materials and light, the generated current is also a fluctuating curve. If the generated current is directly charged into the battery or directly supplies power to the load, it is easy to cause damage to the battery and the load, and serious reduced their lifespan. Therefore, we must first send the current to the solar controller, use a dedicated chip circuit to digitally adjust it, and add multi-level charge and discharge protection. When supplying power to the load, the current of the battery is also allowed to flow into the solar controller first, and then the current is sent to the load after being regulated by it. One is to stabilize the discharge current; the other is to ensure that the battery is not over-discharged; the third is to perform a series of monitoring and protection on the load and the battery. The single-channel output controller of the solar power supply uses a single-chip microcomputer and software to realize intelligent control; it utilizes the accurate discharge control of battery discharge rate characteristic correction. The end-of-discharge voltage is the control point corrected by the discharge rate curve, which eliminates the inaccuracy of simple voltage control over-discharge, and conforms to the inherent characteristics of the battery, that is, different discharge rates have different end-voltages. It has automatic control of overcharge, overdischarge, electronic short circuit, overload protection, unique anti-reverse connection protection, etc.; the above protections will not damage any parts, and will not burn the insurance; the series PWM charging main circuit is adopted to make the voltage of the charging circuit The loss is reduced by nearly half compared with the charging circuit using diodes, and the charging efficiency is 3%-6% higher than that of non-PWM, which increases the power consumption time; the improved charging of over-discharge recovery, normal direct charging, and automatic control of floating charging make the system more efficient. Long service life; at the same time, it has high-precision temperature compensation; the intuitive LED light-emitting tube indicates the current battery status, allowing users to understand the usage status; all controls use industrial-grade chips, which can operate freely in cold, high temperature, and humid environments. At the same time, the crystal oscillator timing control is used, and the timing control is precise.

In the above-mentioned flexible integrated photovoltaic power supply system, the flexible thin-film solar cell components are connected in series or in parallel as physical power sources, and the battery components are connected in parallel as chemical power sources.

In the above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, the flexible thin-film solar cells are deposited on a metal foil flexible substrate or a polyester film flexible substrate.

In the above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, the flexible thin-film solar cell is an amorphous silicon (α-Si) stacked inline thin-film solar cell.

The above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, wherein, the amorphous silicon stacked inline thin film solar cell includes a flexible backplane, a flexible substrate, a back reflective electrode, an amorphous silicon stack, and a transparent conductive film from bottom to top. Grid lines, lead-out electrodes and encapsulation layers. The amorphous silicon stacks respectively include an N layer, an intrinsic layer (I layer) and a P layer.

In the above-mentioned flexible integrated photovoltaic power supply system, wherein, the amorphous silicon stack is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; the back reflective electrode and the transparent conductive film are grown by magnetron sputtering; The lead-out electrode is formed by flexible welding with easy square conductive silver glue film as the intermediate medium.

The above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, wherein, the transparent conductive film is made of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coated conductive film; the back reflection electrode is made of Ag and ZnO; the grid line is made of silver paste; The above-mentioned lead-out electrode adopts tin-plated copper strip.

The above-mentioned flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, wherein, the flexible backplane is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA); the flexible substrate is polyimide (PI) polyester film; the packaging The layer uses silicone series glue with the same series of diluents.

In the present invention, amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon stacked solar cells are preferred, because the weak light opening voltage of amorphous silicon is higher than that of other types of solar cells in the same series or different types of solar cells, and the spectral response range is wider, so This kind of solar battery module can realize continuous and high-efficiency work, high charging and discharging efficiency, and long service life. When the system is connected normally and sunlight shines on the flexible solar cell module, the charging indicator light is green and steady, indicating that the charging circuit of the system is normal; when the charging indicator light flashes green quickly, it indicates that the system voltage is overvoltage. The process will enable the battery to achieve the best charging effect and ensure or prolong its service life.

The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

When there is light outside, the physical power supply of the present invention converts solar energy into electrical energy and charges the chemical power supply; when there is no light outside, the electric energy stored in the chemical power supply can directly supply power to the load.

The invention adopts flexible thin-film solar cells, which are not limited by the shape of the carrier, so seamless connection of different area sizes and different curvature shapes can be realized. The application of the invention can greatly expand the application field of the flexible thin film solar cell, reduce the additional weight of the flexible thin film solar cell, increase the weight specific power of the flexible thin film solar cell, and enhance the environmental tolerance of the flexible thin film solar cell.

The invention is based on civilian use. The flexible thin-film solar cell module has the advantages of good flexibility, light weight, high strength, good environmental tolerance, and high weight to power ratio of the packaged cell module. The application field is not limited, and it is suitable for application in the space stratosphere. Airships, high-altitude aircraft, and portable mobile charging equipment on the ground.

The invention selects materials with good performance to realize that the flexible solar battery module can work normally in extreme environments, including snow, thunder, hail and hot summer.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an external schematic diagram of the power controller of the flexible photovoltaic integrated power system of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a first application schematic diagram of the flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the second application schematic diagram of the flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system of the present invention.

detailed description

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system provided by the present invention makes the storage battery component as the chemical power source 2 and the flexible solar cell component as the physical power source 1 form an integrated integrated power supply system through a single solar power source controller. The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 1. In the figure, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a pulse width modulation technology, FUSE is a fuse, Q1, Q2, and Q3 are triodes, and TVS is a transient voltage suppression diode.

The flexible thin film solar cell module as the physical power source 2 is preferably an amorphous silicon stacked inline thin film solar cell module, and its composition mainly includes flexible backplane EVA, flexible substrate material PI, back electrode Ag and ZnO, α-Si and α- Si laminated layer (arrangement sequence is N layer, intrinsic layer, P layer, N layer, intrinsic layer, P layer...), transparent conductive film ITO, grid line Ag paste, lead-out electrode tinned copper strip and packaging layer silicon Oxane series glue with thinner.

The battery assembly as the chemical power source 2 is preferably a lead-acid battery assembly, which mainly includes two parallel-connected 12V, 24A·h lead-acid batteries.

The system also includes a solar power single output controller as a power controller 3 for regulating the physical power source 1 and the chemical power source 2, the model is V-ST10. 2, the power controller 3 is provided with a solar battery indicator light 31, a battery status indicator light 32, a load indicator light 33, an LED display 34, a control button 35 and a connection terminal 36, wherein S indicates that the solar battery is connected. B means to connect to the battery, and L means to connect to the load. The entire power system meets the power supply, energy storage and control requirements of normal garden landscape lights.

In the flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system provided by the present invention, two lead-acid battery parallel components are selected as the chemical power supply 2. After parallel connection, the energy storage capacity of the battery is 24 A h, and the voltage is 12V. When the voltage is in the normal range, the status indicator light is The green is always on; the status indicator light is green and flashes slowly after being fully charged; when the battery voltage drops to a certain level, the status indicator light turns orange; when the battery voltage continues to drop to the over-discharge voltage, the status indicator light turns red. At this time, the controller will automatically turn off the output, reminding the user to replenish power in time. When the battery voltage returns to the normal working range, the output will be automatically turned on, and the status indicator will turn green again.

Take the solar street lamp powered by this system as an example, when the load is turned on, the load indicator is always on. If the solar street lamp current exceeds 1.25 times the rated current of the controller for 60 seconds, or the solar street lamp current exceeds 1.5 times the rated current of the controller for 5 seconds, the indicator light will flash red slowly, indicating overload, and the controller will turn off the output . When a short-circuit fault occurs on one side of the solar street lamp or the solar street lamp, the controller will immediately turn off the output, and the indicator light will flash quickly. The solar street light load system can work continuously for 7.2 hours in continuous hazy weather.

The performance indicators that the system can achieve are as follows: It can work stably for a long time between -10°C and 80°C, and it can ensure good flexibility, high strength, and stable work for a long time. /kg (after battery packaging). After the environmental simulation test, after the flexible thin-film solar cell module is integrated with the Taiyong street lamp substrate in an integrated hanging method, under the condition of wind speed > 10m/s, the position does not shift and fold and can continue to work stably.

The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system provided by the present invention uses the flexible thin-film solar cell module as the physical power source 1 for charging, the battery module as the chemical power source 2 for energy storage, and the solar power single output controller as the physical power source 1 and chemical power source 2 for regulation and control. Intelligent power controller 3. The system was developed with the background of the application in the civilian field, and has excellent environmental tolerance. The main application areas include calculators and clocks that do not need to replace the battery, solar cells installed on the roof, transparent solar cells that can be used as window glass, and installed in Megawatt-level solar photovoltaic power generation systems in farmland and tap water purification plants, solar cells in lighthouses, deep mountains and deserts, solar cars that use solar photovoltaic power generation to walk, as luminous signs in roads or airports that contribute to traffic safety solar cell. Its application diagram is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system, characterized in that the power supply system includes a physical power supply (1), a chemical power supply (2) and a power supply controller (3); The physical power source (1) converts solar energy into electrical energy; adopts flexible thin film solar cell components, including flexible amorphous silicon thin film solar cell components, flexible amorphous silicon germanium thin film solar cell components, and flexible stacked solar cells composed of them battery pack; The flexible thin film solar cell is deposited on a metal foil flexible substrate or a polyester film flexible substrate; the flexible thin film solar cell is an amorphous silicon laminated inline thin film solar cell; the amorphous silicon laminated Inline thin-film solar cells include flexible backplane, flexible substrate, back reflective electrode, amorphous silicon laminate, transparent conductive film, grid line, lead-out electrode and encapsulation layer from bottom to top; The amorphous silicon laminate is deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; the back reflection electrode and transparent conductive film are grown by magnetron sputtering; The film is used as the intermediate medium and is welded flexibly; The flexible backplane is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; the flexible substrate is polyimide polyester film; the encapsulation layer uses silicone series glue and the same series of diluents; The chemical power source (2) can realize the storage of electric energy, and adopts battery packs, including nickel-cadmium battery packs, nickel-metal hydride battery packs, lithium-ion battery packs, alkaline-manganese rechargeable battery packs or lead-acid battery packs; The power supply controller (3) is a solar power single-output controller, which is connected to the physical power supply (1), chemical power supply (2) and the load respectively; the solar power single-output controller is through the pulse width Modulation realizes the single-chip intelligent controller for charging the storage battery with solar energy. 2. The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the flexible thin-film solar cell components are connected in series or in parallel as a physical power source (1), and the battery components are connected in parallel as a chemical power source (2). 3. The flexible photovoltaic integrated power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive film adopts a transparent indium tin oxide plated conductive film; the described back reflection electrode adopts Ag and ZnO; Silver paste is used for wires; tinned copper strips are used for the lead-out electrodes.