CN103215815A - Wool modification technology - Google Patents
Wool modification technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103215815A CN103215815A CN2013100895708A CN201310089570A CN103215815A CN 103215815 A CN103215815 A CN 103215815A CN 2013100895708 A CN2013100895708 A CN 2013100895708A CN 201310089570 A CN201310089570 A CN 201310089570A CN 103215815 A CN103215815 A CN 103215815A
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004900 Hydrophilic Finishing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100034787 Cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000945882 Homo sapiens Cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013822 aminosilicone Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 101000619542 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 102000045222 parkin Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- OBFQBDOLCADBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminosilicon Chemical compound [Si]N OBFQBDOLCADBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 amido silicon Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wool modification technology, which comprises the steps of: first determining experimental materials, experimental reagents and experimental instruments; then emulsifying amino silicon oil 818 and titanium dioxide nano-powder; and finally determining experimental methods. The technical scheme involved in the invention can, under the premise of guaranteeing wool hygroscopicity, endow wool with soft handfeel and improve the antistatic and anti-ultraviolet properties of wool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wool modifying technology.
Background technology
Wool is a kind of important natural fabric, has good hygroscopicity, resilience, feel and snugness of fit, be widely used in the high-grade weaving face fabric, and cashmere has the good name of " gold fiber ".In recent years along with the continuous development of science and technology, to the processing method of wool also in progress constantly, existing traditional handicraft more and more can not satisfy needs of society, so need reform to the processing method of wool, the performance of wool is improved, further satisfies needs of society.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming deficiency of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wool modifying technology.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, reach above-mentioned technique effect, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of wool modifying technology may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is determined experiment material, experiment reagent and laboratory apparatus, described experiment material comprises the wool after pre-treatments such as scouring of wool, charing, bleaching, described experiment reagent comprises hydrophilic finishing agent FZ, amido silicon oil 818, soft finishing agent BM88, emulsifying agent paregal O, titanic oxide nano, adhesive Bai Ning oil, and described laboratory apparatus comprises mixer, high-shear emulsion machine, baking oven, balancer, thermostat water bath;
Step 2) to the emulsification of amido silicon oil 818 and titanic oxide nano;
Step 3) is determined experimental technique, and described experimental technique comprises infusion process, padding method, the measurement of oven dry and wool absolute dry weight, the measurement of oven dry after the arrangement and wool wet weight, the mensuration of the calculating of wool hydroscopicity and wool antistatic behaviour.
Further, the emulsification of the described amido silicon oil 818 in the described step (2) specifically comprises prescription and operating process, the solid content of described prescription is 30% to be 20kg amido silicon oil 818,10kg emulsifying agent paregal O, 0.4kg glacial acetic acid and 70kg water, described operating process is: at first add silicone oil 818 20KG and emulsifying agent 10KG, high-speed stirred 5min, under agitation slowly add water 7.5KG then, high-speed stirred 10min then adds glacial acetic acid, and regulating pH value is about 6.5, high-speed stirred 10min, this moment, emulsion should be transparent thick liquid; Under agitation slowly add water 62.5KG, high-speed stirred 15min at last; The emulsification of described nano powder is specially: configure earlier and treat dispersion emulsion, agitator stirs and slowly adds nano powder simultaneously, make nano powder tentatively be dispersed in the emulsion, use further emulsification 30min of high-shear emulsion machine (10000r/min) then, the dispersion liquid that obtains at last should be evenly, does not have the stable emulsion of precipitation.
Further, described infusion process in the described step (3) is: select different temperature and times to put in order according to the requirement of finishing agent and experimental technique, comprise that hydrophilic finishing agent FZ arrangement is about to the hydrophilic finiss liquid that the wool sample puts under the normal temperature and handles 30min; Silicone oil 818 arrangement is about to the wool sample and puts into 40 ℃ of silicone oil 818 dressing liquids and handle 30min; Silicone oil 818 and hydrophilic finishing agent FZ composite finishing are about to the wool sample and put into 40 ℃ of composite finishing liquid and handle 30min; Silicone oil 818 emulsions, hydrophilic finishing agent FZ, titanic oxide nano, adhesive Bai Ning wet goods composite finishing are about to the wool sample and put into the composite finishing liquid of being made up of above auxiliary agent, handle 30min at normal temperatures.
Further, the described padding method in the described step (3) is fully wetting for the wool sample is put into the dressing liquid for preparing, and two soak two rolls, and pick-up rate is controlled in the 80-120% scope.
Further, the described oven dry in the described step (3) and the measurement of wool absolute dry weight, wherein furnace drying method is for putting into the wool sample 90 ℃/105 ℃ baking oven oven dry 1 hour; The measurement of wool absolute dry weight is to put into the weight of weighing sample behind the desiccated balance device balance 30min with the sample of oven dry, can obtain the absolute dry weight W of wool sample
Over dry
Further, the calculating of the wool hydroscopicity in the described step (3), described calculating can be by formula: the moisture absorption weight W of wool moisture absorption percentage %=(wool
Moisture absorptionThe absolute dry weight W of-wool
Over dryThe absolute dry weight W of)/wool
Over dryCalculate the moisture absorption percentage of wool under different standard humidities.
Further, the mensuration of the wool antistatic behaviour in the described step (3) is to carry out under the situation of 20 ± 2 ℃ of atmospheric humidity 65 ± 5% and temperature.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Adopt technical solution of the present invention, wool can have certain flexibility after using hydrophilic finishing agent, soft finishing agent 818 to handle, and can improve the feel of wool,, can increase certain antistatic behaviour of wool and anti-uv-ray if use nano powder titanium dioxide to handle.
Above-mentioned explanation only is the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, for can clearer understanding technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, below with preferred embodiment of the present invention and conjunction with figs. describe in detail as after.The specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in detail by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wool hydroscopicity variation diagram under the different humidity;
Fig. 2 is the influence (RH 75%) of variable concentrations hydrophilic finishing agent to the wool hydroscopicity;
After Fig. 3 is the arrangement of silicone oil 818 finishing agents, wool hydroscopicity under the different humidity;
Fig. 4 is the silicone oil 818 and the influence of the composite arrangement of hydrophilic finishing agent to the wool hydroscopicity of different amounts ratio;
Fig. 5 is the influence (finishing agent concentration 100g/L, RH 75%) of the nano powder of different amounts to the wool hydroscopicity.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments, describe the present invention in detail.
A kind of wool modifying technology may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is determined experiment material, experiment reagent and laboratory apparatus, described experiment material comprises the wool after pre-treatments such as scouring of wool, charing, bleaching, described experiment reagent comprises hydrophilic finishing agent FZ, amido silicon oil 818, soft finishing agent BM88, emulsifying agent paregal O, titanic oxide nano, adhesive Bai Ning oil, and described laboratory apparatus comprises mixer, high-shear emulsion machine, baking oven, balancer, thermostat water bath;
Step 2) to the emulsification of amido silicon oil 818 and titanic oxide nano;
Step 3) is determined experimental technique, and described experimental technique comprises infusion process, padding method, the measurement of oven dry and wool absolute dry weight, the measurement of oven dry after the arrangement and wool wet weight, the mensuration of the calculating of wool hydroscopicity and wool antistatic behaviour.
Further, the emulsification of the described amido silicon oil 818 in the described step (2) specifically comprises prescription and operating process, the solid content of described prescription is 30% to be 20kg amido silicon oil 818,10kg emulsifying agent paregal O, 0.4kg glacial acetic acid and 70kg water, described operating process is: at first add silicone oil 818 20KG and emulsifying agent 10KG, high-speed stirred 5min, under agitation slowly add water 7.5KG then, high-speed stirred 10min then adds glacial acetic acid, and regulating pH value is about 6.5, high-speed stirred 10min, this moment, emulsion should be transparent thick liquid; Under agitation slowly add water 62.5KG, high-speed stirred 15min at last; The emulsification of described nano powder is specially: configure earlier and treat dispersion emulsion, agitator stirs and slowly adds nano powder simultaneously, make nano powder tentatively be dispersed in the emulsion, use further emulsification 30min of high-shear emulsion machine (10000r/min) then, the dispersion liquid that obtains at last should be evenly, does not have the stable emulsion of precipitation.
Further, described infusion process in the described step (3) is: select different temperature and times to put in order according to the requirement of finishing agent and experimental technique, comprise that hydrophilic finishing agent FZ arrangement is about to the hydrophilic finiss liquid that the wool sample puts under the normal temperature and handles 30min; Silicone oil 818 arrangement is about to the wool sample and puts into 40 ℃ of silicone oil 818 dressing liquids and handle 30min; Silicone oil 818 and hydrophilic finishing agent FZ composite finishing are about to the wool sample and put into 40 ℃ of composite finishing liquid and handle 30min; Silicone oil 818 emulsions, hydrophilic finishing agent FZ, titanic oxide nano, adhesive Bai Ning wet goods composite finishing are about to the wool sample and put into the composite finishing liquid of being made up of above auxiliary agent, handle 30min at normal temperatures.
Further, the described padding method in the described step (3) is fully wetting for the wool sample is put into the dressing liquid for preparing, and two soak two rolls, and pick-up rate is controlled in the 80-120% scope.
Further, the described oven dry in the described step (3) and the measurement of wool absolute dry weight, wherein furnace drying method is for putting into the wool sample 90 ℃/105 ℃ baking oven oven dry 1 hour; The measurement of wool absolute dry weight is to put into the weight of weighing sample behind the desiccated balance device balance 30min with the sample of oven dry, can obtain the absolute dry weight W of wool sample
Over dry
Further, the calculating of the wool hydroscopicity in the described step (3), described calculating can be by formula: the moisture absorption weight W of wool moisture absorption percentage %=(wool
Moisture absorptionThe absolute dry weight W of-wool
Over dryThe absolute dry weight W of)/wool
Over dryCalculate the moisture absorption percentage of wool under different standard humidities.
Further, the mensuration of the wool antistatic behaviour in the described step (3) is to carry out under the situation of 20 ± 2 ℃ of atmospheric humidity 65 ± 5% and temperature.
Embodiment one: single finishing agent arrangement
1,
Hydrophilic finishing agent FZ arrangement
Pending wool is put into the hydrophilic finiss liquid of the variable concentrations for preparing after wetting, by infusion process 1 arrangement.The sample drying that to put in order and be placed in the respective standard wetting balance device balance and measure moisture absorption weight after 24 hours then.
The hydrophilic finiss agent concentration is as follows: 2,3,4,6, and 10g/L
From above-mentioned data as can be known, the hygroscopicity of the wool sample of process hydrophilic finishing agent arrangement all has increase to a certain degree.Analysis on Mechanism mainly is that hydrophilic finishing agent changes fiber surface layer, improves the hydrophily of fiber, makes it to be easy to moisture absorption.
2, single sillicon oil treatment agent 818 arrangements
Pending wool sample put into silicone oil 818 dressing liquids that prepare and handle, then at 100 ℃ of oven dry 30min and be placed in the balancer of each standard humidity balance and measure moisture absorption weight after 24 hours down by infusion process 2.
Silicone oil 818 dressing liquid 8%owf
From above-mentioned data as can be known, after sillicon oil treatment agent arrangement, can improve the hygroscopicity of wool, because from the molecular structure of silicone oil 818, also contain hydrophilic radical, so increase through the wool hydroscopicity of silicone oil 818 arrangements.
The analysis of 818 pairs of wool hydroscopicity influences of hydrophilic finishing agent and silicone oil and finishing effect (feel):
Because more hydrophilic radical is arranged on the hydrophilic finishing agent structure, as-OH,-COOH etc., when finishing agent attached to wool fibre on the time, help the moisture absorption of wool fibre, but because the part finishing agent is deposited on the amorphous region or the fiber surface of fiber, make the wool surface become comparatively coarse, influenced the original smooth hand feeling of wool.And smooth through the wool fibre feel of silicone oil 818 soft finishing agents arrangement, softness, fluffy, drapability, elasticity are good, have gloss.This is because in the soft finish process, soft finishing agent is filled between the scale layer on wool surface, and the rough surface of fiber is repaired, and reduces the rubbing effect of wool fibre, has improved smooth degree.But the wool hydroscopicity rate of change through soft finish is little.Though because when arrangement, soft finishing agent is deposited on the wool scale layer, has covered the hydrophilic radical on wool surface, and the hygroscopicity of wool itself is descended to some extent, but silicone oil 818 is a kind of weak cation improvement silicone oil with reactive amino, has certain moisture.The effect that these two kinds of hydrophilies reduce and increase is offset, so the hygroscopicity of wool fibre integral body changes little.
Embodiment two: composite finishing agent arrangement
1, hydrophilic finishing agent and silicone oil 818 composite finishing agent arrangements
In the composite dressing liquid of following ratio preparation silicone oil 818 with hydrophilic finishing agent.
Silicone oil 818: hydrophilic finishing agent 1=1:1,2:1,3:1,5:1;
The wool sample put into the composite dressing liquid for preparing and handle, then at 80 ℃ of oven dry 30min and be placed in the balancer of standard humidity (RH 75%) balance and measure moisture absorption weight after 24 hours down by infusion process 3.
Composite finishing agent consumption: 8%owf;
2, the composite finishing agent arrangement of hydrophilic finishing agent, nano material and adhesive
The composite dressing liquid that it is good that the wool sample is put into emulsification is handled by padding method.Then at 80 ℃ of following oven dry 30min and be placed in the balancer of standard humidity (RH 75%) balance and measure moisture absorption weight after 24 hours.
By above-mentioned data as can be known, the titanic oxide nano consumption can not add too much, otherwise can influence the hygroscopicity of wool. and from theory analysis, because of no hygroscopicity group in the titanium dioxide structure, so nano powder adds many more, the hygroscopicity of wool is just poor more.
3, the mensuration of wool antistatic behaviour
Sample | The wool of different disposal | Electrostatic potential (V) | Half-life (s) |
1 | Blank sample | 3122 | 2.3 |
2 | Wool through hydrophilic finishing agent FZ processing | 2785 | 1.3 |
3 | Through silicone oil 818(10%)+wool that hydrophilic finishing agent (10%) is handled | 2634 | 1.2 |
4 | Through silicone oil 818(10%)+wool that hydrophilic finishing agent (30%) is handled | 2516 | 1.2 |
5 | Through silicone oil 818(10%)+wool that hydrophilic finishing agent (50%) is handled | 2416 | 1.4 |
6 | Through silicone oil 818(10%)+wool that hydrophilic finishing agent (30%)+nano powder (0.5%) is handled | 3072 | 1.5 |
From above-mentioned experiment its general character phenomenon as can be known, the wool of handling through hydrophilic finishing agent, silicone oil 818 and titanic oxide nano has certain antistatic behaviour, in addition, from theory analysis, nano powder titanium dioxide has certain uvioresistant performance (because time relationship, the uvioresistant performance of wool is test not) again.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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CN2013100895708A CN103215815A (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2013-03-20 | Wool modification technology |
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CN2013100895708A CN103215815A (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2013-03-20 | Wool modification technology |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018065070A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Secondary aminosiloxanes and method for production thereof |
CN109675347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 西安工程大学 | The preparation method of modifying super hydrophobicity waste wool nonwoven oil sorbents |
CN110284320A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-09-27 | 中科纺织研究院(青岛)有限公司 | A kind of modified cashmere of plant source and its method of modifying |
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CN101225599A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-23 | 香港理工大学 | Hydrophilic nano finishing method for keratin porous material fabric surface |
CN101250787A (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2008-08-27 | 江苏华西村股份有限公司 | Method for producing electrostatic resistance and ray-proof worsted cloth |
CN101805994A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-08-18 | 佛山市顺德区德美瓦克有机硅有限公司 | Organosilicon emulsion used for hand feel finishing of wool and blended yarn thereof and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
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CN1560353A (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-01-05 | 西安华捷科技发展有限责任公司 | Nano sun-resisting finishing agent and its preparation method and finishing method for textile |
CN101225599A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-23 | 香港理工大学 | Hydrophilic nano finishing method for keratin porous material fabric surface |
CN101250787A (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2008-08-27 | 江苏华西村股份有限公司 | Method for producing electrostatic resistance and ray-proof worsted cloth |
CN101805994A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-08-18 | 佛山市顺德区德美瓦克有机硅有限公司 | Organosilicon emulsion used for hand feel finishing of wool and blended yarn thereof and preparation method and application thereof |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2018065070A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Secondary aminosiloxanes and method for production thereof |
CN109675347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 西安工程大学 | The preparation method of modifying super hydrophobicity waste wool nonwoven oil sorbents |
CN110284320A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-09-27 | 中科纺织研究院(青岛)有限公司 | A kind of modified cashmere of plant source and its method of modifying |
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Application publication date: 20130724 |