CN103169133A - 用于减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、系统 - Google Patents
用于减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103169133A CN103169133A CN2012100695270A CN201210069527A CN103169133A CN 103169133 A CN103169133 A CN 103169133A CN 2012100695270 A CN2012100695270 A CN 2012100695270A CN 201210069527 A CN201210069527 A CN 201210069527A CN 103169133 A CN103169133 A CN 103169133A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能够减少食品表面的细菌并延长食品保存期限从而减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、以及包括该溶液的系统。该溶液由多个有机性的化合物和水组成,为透明。所述溶液不采用危险的或人工的化学药品,或者无需热,容易制造,能够去除泥、农药、化学药品、以及臭气。另外,所述溶液是由天然物质组合而成的溶液,因此,不会残留化学药品的味道和气味,能够减少生鲜食品的氧化及腐坏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、系统。更详细地说,本发明涉及一种通过减少食品表面的细菌并延长食品保存期限来减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、系统。
背景技术
当前,在全国的家庭中,对食物中毒的担心普遍增加。发生食物中毒的原因之一在于,食品杂货店销售的食品是在有机土壤及肥料中栽培,用农药及化学药品进行处理之后,用非水溶性的蜡(wax)覆盖。由此,在摄取时食品会给消费者带来危险。发生食物中毒的另一个原因在于,食品在没有被正确地清洗或保存的状态下被摄取。在这种情况下,细菌、泥、及其他在食品中常见的粒子与食品一起被摄取。消费者虽然一般对食物中毒的危险有所认识,尽管如此,也不能有效地除去导致食物中毒的化学药品及细菌。
被废弃的生鲜食品是在填埋中产生甲烷气体的主要原因之一。美国农业省指出,青果(青菜及水果)占消费者及食品产业的损失的约20%。由青果产生的甲烷气体的有害性超过二氧化碳的21倍。该废弃物会给环境带来影响,甚至会给世界经济带来影响。
大部分的消费者使用自来水清洗食品,然而该方法通常不能有效地将有害的化学药品及细菌降低到对人类消费者来说安全的水平。此外,对于从青果中除去保护蜡,基本上也没有效果。虽然可以采用含有化学药品的其他食品清洗液,然而这类化学药品大多气味重且为不透明,会残留给食品的味道带来不良影响或被摄取的话不安全的残留物。虽然也有能够有效地减少细菌及农药含量且不残留化学物质的溶液,然而这些洗涤剂的颜色、气味大多都很差,妨碍其使用。
因此,需要一种有机性食品清洗液,基本上无臭、无色、无味且安全,而且能够以低成本和劳动力容易制造。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种能够减少食品表面的细菌并延长食品保存期限从而减少食物中毒的溶液及其制备方法、以及包括该溶液的系统。
为了达到上述目的,在本发明的一个方式中,提供一种溶液,其由多个大致有机性的化合物和水组成,所述溶液为透明。所述溶液不采用危险的或人工的化学药品,或者无需热,容易制造,能够去除泥、农药、化学药品、以及臭气。另外,所述溶液是由天然物质组合而成的溶液,因此,不会残留化学药品的味道和气味,能够减少生鲜食品的氧化及腐坏。
本发明的一个方式还提供一种具备所述溶液和用于将溶液涂布到食品表面的涂布用具的系统。
通过将全部由天然化合物构成的抗菌抗氧化剂溶液涂布到食品的表面,从而能够有效减少主要在生鲜食品、鱼类及家畜(鸡肉)等食品的表面上的细菌及污染物质,能够减少腐坏、细菌及霉菌的成长,同时能够延长该食品的保存期限。在本发明的系统中,溶液能够通过液状的溶液或经该溶液处理的生物降解性能的擦拭用具来涂布,该擦拭用具无需清洗。
涂布用具也可以是抹布等擦拭用具、湿纸巾、海绵、喷雾瓶等能够用于对食品的表面涂布溶液的任意种类的涂布用具。
一种制备用于减少食物中毒及其他污染物质的溶液的方法,所述溶液含有93.6%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、以及0.2%的山梨酸钾,所述方法包括:将山梨酸钾溶解到去离子水中而形成第1溶液的工序;在第1溶液中溶解柠檬酸而形成第2溶液的工序;在第2溶液中溶解柠檬酸钠而形成第3溶液的工序;在第3溶液中溶解植物性甘油而形成第4溶液的工序;在第4溶液中溶解海盐而形成第5溶液的工序;以及在第5溶液中加入去离子水而形成第6溶液的工序。
一种制备用于减少食物中毒及其他污染物质的溶液的方法,所述溶液包括所述溶液含有93.1%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾0.4%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.1%的抗坏血酸钙,所述方法包括:在去离子水中溶解山梨酸钾而形成第1溶液的工序;在第1溶液中溶解抗坏血酸钙而形成第2溶液的工序;在第2溶液中溶解柠檬酸而形成第3溶液的工序;在第3溶液中溶解柠檬酸钠而形成第4溶液的工序;在第4溶液中溶解植物性甘油而形成第5溶液的工序;在第5溶液中溶解海盐而形成第6溶液的工序;在第6溶液中溶解葵基葡醣苷而形成第7溶液的工序;在第7溶液中溶解去离子水而形成第8溶液的工序。
根据本发明的溶液,能够减少食品表面的细菌并延长食品保存期限,从而减少食物中毒。
通过下述以示例方式说明本发明原理的描述结合附图,会清楚本发明的其他方面和优点。
附图说明
图1是表示将一个优选实施方式的有机化合物溶解的优选步骤的图。
具体实施方式
在优选的一个实施方式中,溶液由多个纯天然的化合物组成。第1化合物优选为柠檬酸,其能够起到有效杀死细菌、除去蜡、抑制食品褐变的作用。第2化合物优选为柠檬酸钠,其能够起到提高杀菌效果、延长保存期限的作用。第3化合物优选为海盐,其能够起到提高杀菌效果、延长保存期限的作用。第4化合物优选为植物性甘油,其起到促进溶液附着在食品表面上的作用。第5化合物优选为山梨酸钾,其使溶液的颜色保持为大致透明,并且有效地防止霉菌及细菌生长。第6化合物优选为葵基葡醣苷(decyl glucoside)或椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱(cocamide propyl hydroxy sultaine),其对泥、脂溶性污染物质、残留农药等的除去起到促进作用。第7化合物优选为抗坏血酸钙(calciumascorbate),其起到有效抑制褐变的作用。
在优选的一个实施方式中,溶液由多个有机性化合物、例如选自柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、植物性甘油、海盐、葵基葡醣苷、椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱、抗坏血酸钙、山梨酸钾、葡萄柚种子提取物(grapefruit seed extract)、以及亚硫酸氢钠的化合物组成。这些化合物优选能够溶解到蒸留水、去离子水、或三重过滤水中。
在优选的一个实施方式中,溶液大致包含2%~4%的柠檬酸、2%~4%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%~1.4%的植物性甘油、0.2%~0.4%的山梨酸钾、0%~0.8%的葵基葡醣苷、0%~0.2%的抗坏血酸钙、0%~0.2%的葡萄柚种子提取物、0%~0.1%的亚硫酸氢钠、以及0.2%~2%~4%的海盐。这些化合物优选溶解到去离子水或三重过滤水中,形成溶液。
在一个实施方式中,溶液由93.6%的水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、以及0.2%的山梨酸钾组成。在该实施方式的系统中,溶液优选通过喷洒涂布到鱼类及家畜上。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由93.1%的水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、0.4%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.1%的抗坏血酸钙组成。在该实施方式的系统中,溶液优选通过喷雾涂布器涂布到水果及青菜上。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由87.4%的水、4%的柠檬酸、4%的柠檬酸钠、4%的海盐、0.4%的植物性甘油、以及0.2%的山梨酸钾组成。
在其他实施方式中,溶液由86.2%的水、4%的柠檬酸、4%的柠檬酸钠、4%的海盐、0.4%的植物性甘油、0.4%的山梨酸钾、0.8%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由95.2%的水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由95%的蒸留水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、0.2%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。在后述的试验中,使用了该组成的溶液。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由95.2%的蒸留水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的葡萄柚种子提取物、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
在替代的一个实施方式中,溶液由95.2%的蒸留水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的亚硫酸氢钠、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
通过采用后述的优选方法来制作由全部为天然的化合物组成的组合物,从而得到大致透明且无味无臭的溶液。
本发明的溶液的优点能够通过在溶液中溶解化合物的步骤来实现。图1示出化合物溶解的优选顺序。在以下的各个工序中,在该工序中加入的化合物优选溶解直到形成透明的溶液。此外,有机化合物的溶解优选在室温或其附近温度下进行。
作为第1有机化合物的山梨酸钾10首先被溶解到水中,直到形成透明的溶液。在形成了透明的溶液之后,在该溶液中加入柠檬酸20进行溶解,直到溶液变为透明。在一部分实施方式中,在山梨酸钾的溶解和柠檬酸的溶解之间执行中间工序。在该中间工序中,将抗坏血酸钙15加入到山梨酸钾溶液中进行溶解,直到溶液再次变为透明。
接着,将柠檬酸钠30加入到溶液中进行溶解,直到溶液变为透明。接着,将植物性甘油40加入到溶液中进行溶解,直到溶液变为透明。
接着,还在溶液中加入海盐50、葡萄柚种子提取物60、亚硫酸氢钠70、及葵基葡醣苷80之中的至少1个进行溶解,直到溶液变为透明。
在一部分实施方式中,在溶液中加入海盐50并溶解到溶液变为透明之后,进一步在溶液中加入亚硫酸氢钠70、葵基葡醣苷80、及葡萄柚种子提取物60之中的至少1个,溶解到溶液变为透明为止。
在一部分实施方式中,在溶液中只加入海盐、亚硫酸氢钠、葵基葡醣苷、及葡萄柚种子提取物之中的1个,溶解到溶液变为透明为止。
在一部分实施方式中,葵基葡醣苷可以被椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱取代。
最后,将水的剩余部分90加入到溶液中、
在替代的一个实施方式中,系统包括浓溶液,该溶液含有58.5%的水、20%的柠檬酸、10%的柠檬酸钠、10%的椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱、1%的甘油、以及0.5%的抗坏血酸钙。
在该实施方式中,按照如下方式调制溶液。
第一,将柠檬酸溶解到大致全量的水中,混合直到形成透明的溶液。第二,在该溶液中加入柠檬酸钠,混合直到溶液再次变为透明。第三,在该溶液中加入椰油酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱,混合直到溶液再次变为透明。最后,在水的剩余部分中另外溶解抗坏血酸钙而形成辅助溶液,将该辅助溶液混合到前面的透明溶液中。
(农药消毒剂试验)
对本发明的溶液针对各种苹果样本的效能进行了基本的分析。
·在该分析中,使用了3种苹果(红色、黄色、绿色)。
·苹果先用去离子水进行了清洗。
·在各个苹果上分别涂布了西玛津(simazine)(浓度为1000ppb)和阿特拉津(atrazine)(浓度为1000ppb)(“涂布农药”)。
·再次用去离子水对涂布了农药的1组苹果进行了清洗。接着,分别对各个苹果测定了西玛津浓度及阿特拉津浓度。记录了西玛津及阿特拉津的存在(“水清洗”)。
·对涂布了农药的其他组的苹果喷涂了本发明的溶液,并干燥了2分钟。如上所述,接着,对各个苹果测定西玛津浓度及阿特拉津浓度,记录了西玛津及阿特拉津的存在(“溶液”)。
将结果汇总于下面的表格。
表1
通过本试验证实了本发明的溶液在农药(西玛津及阿特拉津)的去除方面具有显著的效果。与采用去离子水进行洗净时相比,本发明的溶液去除农药的效果为去离子水的99倍。
(杀菌能力试验)
对本发明的溶液针对各种细菌的效能进行了基本分析。详细地说,对将本发明的溶液用于蔬菜时对肠内细菌、普通大肠杆菌及李斯特菌(listeria)产生的影响进行了评价。
·蔬菜:有机栽培菠菜(小株、约150克(5根)袋装、在包装袋上显示的使用期限前)
·溶液的浓度:4%、pH值:3.51
·细菌:肠内细菌(A)、普通大肠杆菌(B)、以及李斯特菌(C)
·试验组
1)培养菌/本发明的溶液+有机负荷0.3%的悬浊液(无蔬菜)
2)蔬菜+接种菌+本发明的溶液
3)自来水+有机负荷0.3%的悬浊液(无蔬菜)
4)蔬菜+接种菌+自来水
·接触时间:15,60,120秒
·细菌的接种如下进行,首先使培養菌(CMC公司(CMC,Inc.、美国加利福尼亚州)附着到蔬菜上,放置1分钟,使培养菌渗透。使接种后的蔬菜与一定量的本发明的溶液接触了60秒或120秒。
·调制培養菌的悬浊液,将含有各培養菌的各个试料以约106CFU(菌落形成单位)/mL的比例接种到了适当的蔬菜样本上。将接种后的悬浊液溶液或接种后的蔬菜样本放入到各个溶液中,充分搅拌60秒或120秒,进行了保持。
·在试验组1和3中使用的悬浊液的有机负荷是按照英国标准EN1276:1997决定的。在该标准中,将作为对象的悬浊液中含有0.3%的清蛋白(albumin)作为“被污染了”的水的要件。
·试验组1及3:使用了刚刚通过24时的肉汁培养调制的悬浊液。将3种悬浊液各取1.0mL形成试料,将试料直接接种到本发明的溶液100mL中,调制了样本。接着,在对各样本搅拌了60秒或120秒的时刻,分别对其一部分进行稀释,进行了平板培养。于35℃培养了48时间之后,对全部培养皿进行了计数。
·试验组2及4:将3种悬浊液各取1.0mL形成试料,将试料分别加入到蔬菜25g之后,振动1分钟,从而使悬浊液渗透,调整了已接种的样本。1分钟后,将本发明的溶液100mL添加到已接种的样本中,搅拌60秒种。接着,以一种无菌方式取出蔬菜的样本,放入到干净的袋子中,用干净的自来水清洗60秒钟,调制成已清洗的样本。以无菌方式将已清洗的样本取出,分别进行稀释,进行了平板培养。在120秒的时间内,对其他蔬菜样本重复进行了该接种、用水清洗、以及平板培养的顺序。
·悬浊液的计数:
肠内细菌 7.4×108CFU/mL
大肠杆菌 5.4×108CFU/mL
李斯特菌 3.2×108CFU/mL
·作为对比的自来水的计数
肠内细菌 6.2×106CFU/mL
大肠杆菌 4.1×106CFU/mL
李斯特菌 2.9×106CFU/mL
接种前的蔬菜的菌数(back ground) 6.0×105CFU/g
上述结果是将时间0的相对于自来水的值设为0。
·悬浊液+本发明的溶液(与自来水的对比)
1A)肠内细菌:经过了120秒时,菌数减少到1/100的水平
1B)大肠杆菌:经过了120秒时,菌数减少到1/100的水平
1C)李斯特菌:经过了120秒间时,菌数减少到1/1000的水平
·蔬菜+本发明的溶液(与自来水的对比)
2A)肠内细菌:经过了120秒时,菌数减少到1/1000的水平
2B)大肠杆菌:经过了120秒时,菌数减少到1/1000的水平
2C)李斯特菌:经过了60秒时,菌数减少到1/100的水平
经过了120秒时,菌数减少到1/1000的水平
·悬浊液+自来水(对照)
3A)肠内细菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
3B)大肠杆菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
3C)李斯特菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
·蔬菜+自来水(对照)
4A)肠内细菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
4B)大肠杆菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
4C)李斯特菌:经过了120秒时,菌数无减少
根据本试验的结果,证实了通过与本发明的溶液接触120秒,将悬浊液中的肠内细菌、大肠杆菌、以及李斯特菌减少到1/100~1/1000的水平。另外,还证实了通过与本发明的溶液伴随充分搅拌接触120秒钟,将附着在蔬菜上的肠内细菌、大肠杆菌、以及李斯特菌减少到1/1000的水平。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于减少食物中毒的溶液,其由多个有机性的化合物和水组成,所述溶液为透明。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶液,所述化合物从柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、植物性甘油、海盐、山梨酸钾、葵基葡醣苷、抗坏血酸钙、葡萄柚种子提取物、以及亚硫酸氢钠中选择。
3.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液含有2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、0%~0.4%的葵基葡醣苷、0%~0.2%的抗坏血酸钙、0%~0.2%的葡萄柚种子提取物、0%~0.1%的亚硫酸氢钠、以及0.2%~2%的海盐。
4.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由93.6%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、以及0.2%的山梨酸钾组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由93.1%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、0.4%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.1%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
6.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由95.2%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
7.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由95%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、0.2%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
8.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由95.2%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的葡萄柚种子提取物、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
9.根据权利要求2所述的溶液,所述溶液由95.2%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、0.2%的亚硫酸氢钠、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾、以及0.2%的抗坏血酸钙组成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的溶液,所述溶液无臭。
11.一种系统,具备:
权利要求1至10的任意一项所述的溶液;以及
用于将溶液涂布到食品表面的涂布用具。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,所述涂布用具包括湿纸巾。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统,所述涂布用具包括喷药瓶。
14.一种制备用于减少食物中毒及其他污染物质的溶液的方法,所述溶液含有93.6%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、以及0.2%的山梨酸钾,
所述方法包括:
将山梨酸钾溶解到去离子水中而形成第1溶液的工序;
在第1溶液中溶解柠檬酸而形成第2溶液的工序;
在第2溶液中溶解柠檬酸钠而形成第3溶液的工序;
在第3溶液中溶解植物性甘油而形成第4溶液的工序;
在第4溶液中溶解海盐而形成第5溶液的工序;以及
在第5溶液中加入去离子水而形成第6溶液的工序。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,第6溶液为透明。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,第6溶液无臭。
17.一种制备用于减少食物中毒及其他污染物质的溶液的方法,所述溶液包括所述溶液含有93.1%的三重过滤水或去离子水、2%的柠檬酸、2%的柠檬酸钠、2%的海盐、0.2%的植物性甘油、0.2%的山梨酸钾0.4%的葵基葡醣苷、以及0.1%的抗坏血酸钙,
所述方法包括:
在去离子水中溶解山梨酸钾而形成第1溶液的工序;
在第1溶液中溶解抗坏血酸钙而形成第2溶液的工序;
在第2溶液中溶解柠檬酸而形成第3溶液的工序;
在第3溶液中溶解柠檬酸钠而形成第4溶液的工序;
在第4溶液中溶解植物性甘油而形成第5溶液的工序;
在第5溶液中溶解海盐而形成第6溶液的工序;
在第6溶液中溶解葵基葡醣苷而形成第7溶液的工序;
在第7溶液中溶解去离子水而形成第8溶液的工序。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,第8溶液为透明。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,第8溶液无臭。
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JP2011282184A JP2012161310A (ja) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-12-22 | 食中毒を減少させるための溶液及びシステム |
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