CN103145497B - Novel mushroom residue and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) culture medium, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a novel fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate and its preparation method and application. The main steps are adding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum to the fungus chaff to prepare the fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate. Tomato, strawberry or onion seedlings are planted on the matrix for vegetable production and cultivation. After the vegetable growing season is over, the substrate used after vegetable cultivation can be reused as AMF inoculant and soil organic additive, and applied to the soil in the protected area, which can increase the content of organic matter, AMF inoculum and minerals in the soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, Improve soil fertility; promote crop growth, increase yield, and improve quality. To achieve the purpose of efficient reuse of fungus chaff, environmental protection, promotion of sustainable agricultural production, and realization of circular economy.

Description

A new type of cultivation substrate of fungus chaff + AMF and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of resource and environment protection, and in particular relates to a novel culture substrate of fungus chaff+AMF and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Edible fungus is a general term for a class of edible large fungi with nutritional value, medicinal value and economic value. The large-scale production of edible fungi not only meets people's large demand for food, but also drives economic development. At present, the development of edible fungi industry in various countries in the world is growing day by day. However, with the continuous expansion of the production scale of edible fungi, the amount of solid medium discarded during the production of edible fungi, i.e. fungus chaff, is also increasing. Investigations show that about 3.25kg of fungus chaff is produced for every 1kg of edible fungus produced. According to statistics, the annual production of fungus chaff in the Netherlands reaches 2.1×10 ⁶ m ³ ; in the United States, it is 3.4×10 ⁶ m ³ ; in the border cities of Ireland, it is 19×10 ⁵ m ³ . As the country with the largest output of edible fungi, my country has an annual production of about 7 million tons of fungus chaff. At present, most of the fungus chaff is randomly discarded as garbage, which not only pollutes the environment, but also becomes a breeding ground for a variety of harmful microorganisms, flies, mosquitoes, etc., endangering human health, and also makes edible fungus pests and diseases rampant, affecting the development of reproduction. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the reuse of fungus chaff, which is of great significance to the development of my country's circular economy.

Research on the reuse of fungus chaff has been carried out at home and abroad. The fungus chaff is mainly used for secondary cultivation of edible fungi, processed into animal feed and fertilizer, extraction of plant regulators, as fuel, etc. For example, use the chaff of Bailing mushroom and Flammulina velutipes to cultivate Coprinus comatus; fungus chaff can replace part of the cottonseed hulls to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii, but due to the relatively complicated application cost and process, it is rarely put into practice.

In fact, the content of mineral elements such as N, P, and K in the fungus chaff is increased through the decomposition of the culture material by the edible fungus. Jordan et al. (2008) determined the nutritional components of various mushroom chaff in Ireland. The results showed that the 15 kinds of fungus bran contained a large amount of N, P, K (N:P:K=1.3:1:1.1), etc., which could provide the nutrients needed for plant growth. At the same time, the average calcium content of the 15 kinds of fungal chaff was 28g/kg, which can be used as an additive material for soil stabilizers. It can be seen that the effect and feasibility of using fungus chaff as organic fertilizer is worth further testing. In particular, there are a large number of inorganic salts, residual pesticides, heavy metals and harmful microorganisms in the fungus chaff, which may limit its reuse. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new ways to solve these problems.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a new type of fungi chaff+AMF cultivation substrate and its preparation method and application, which can increase the existing methods for solving the problems such as the accumulation of culture medium wastes in the production of edible fungi, polluting the environment and occupying land. The invention utilizes AMF to increase the reuse efficiency of culture medium waste in edible fungus production, reduce environmental pollution and land occupation, and improve circular economic benefits.

In order to achieve the purpose of solving the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

A new type of cultivation substrate of fungus chaff + AMF, which is AMF bacterial agent according to the volume ratio: bacterial chaff = 1:8~12 and mixed to make fungal chaff+AMF cultivation substrate, and the bacterial content of the AMF bacterial agent is 15000～20000IPU L ^-1 .

A further improvement to the above technical solution: the AMF is Glomus intrarhizoi.

Further improvement to the above technical solution: the fungus chaff is one or more of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes or Flammulina velutipes.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of described fungus chaff+AMF novel cultivation substrate, comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of AMF bacteria agent: select impurity-free fine river sand and clay, and mix fine river sand:clay=5:2~1 by volume, and make AMF culture substrate after moist heat sterilization, and AMF inoculum Add to the above-mentioned culture medium and sow tobacco and/or clover, and cultivate in the greenhouse; after 3 to 4 months of cultivation, harvest the matrix and root system, and adjust the number of inoculum IPU to 15,000 to 20,000 IPU L ^-1 for later use;

(2) Preparation of fungus chaff + AMF cultivation substrate: After the fungus chaff is decomposed and broken, the AMF bacterial agent is prepared according to the volume ratio: fungus chaff = 1:8-12 and mixed to prepare the fungus chaff + AMF cultivation substrate. The bacteria content is 15000～20000IPU L ^-1 .

Further improvement to the above technical solution: in the step (1), add AMF spores to the culture medium to 500-1000 spores/2-3L of the medium.

Further improvements to the above technical solution: the culture conditions in the step (2) are natural light conditions; day and night temperatures are 25-30°C and 12-15°C respectively; 20%-30% Hoagland nutrient solution is applied every two weeks.

The present invention also provides the use of the new fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate as a vegetable cultivation substrate or a soil additive.

The specific usage method is as follows:

(1) Plant vegetable seedlings with 3 to 4 leaf seedling ages in the culture medium of fungus chaff + AMF to make them grow and develop normally, and collect the culture medium after the growing season for reuse;

(2) Apply the cultivation medium collected after the above-mentioned cultivated vegetables are used to the soil of the protected area at 5L m ^-2 , and then plant fruits or vegetables.

A further improvement to the above technical solution: the vegetable seedlings are one or more of tomato, strawberry and onion seedlings.

A further improvement to the above technical solution: the fruit is watermelon, and the vegetable is cucumber.

Compared with prior art, advantage and positive effect of the present invention are:

1. The present invention uses the discarded solid culture medium in the production of edible fungus, i.e., fungus chaff, as a substrate, and adds AMF to prepare a new soilless culture substrate, namely, fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) has the functions of improving soil physical and chemical properties, degrading toxic organic matter, repairing polluted and degraded soil, and improving plant resistance to salt and disease. Vegetables are first cultivated in the new cultivation medium; then the substrate after the cultivation of vegetables is used as AMF inoculant and soil organic additive, and added to the field soil at an application rate of 5L per square meter of land. The invention mixes AMF and fungus chaff to recycle and reuse the fungus chaff. Tests have shown that the repeated use of fungus chaff not only increases the organic matter, AMF inoculum and mineral content in the soil; improves soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility; promotes vegetable growth, increases yield, and improves quality, achieving high efficiency of fungus chaff Reuse, protect the environment, promote sustainable agricultural production, and realize the purpose of circular economy. The invention enriches the biotechnology fields of circular economy, low-carbon environmental protection and sustainable development in my country.

2. The invention uses edible fungus production waste as a material, which is easy to obtain, low in cost, and not limited by seasons; the inoculation technique is simple and easy.

Detailed ways

Example 1

The present embodiment utilizes the method for recycling and reusing the novel cultivation substrate of the bacterium chaff+AMF comprising the following steps:

1. Preparation of fungus bran + AMF new cultivation medium

Fine river sand and clay that have passed through a 2mm sieve without any impurities are selected, mixed according to fine river sand:clay=5:2~1 (volume ratio), and used as AMF culture substrate after moist heat sterilization. Add 500-1000 spores of Glomus intaradices (isolated and preserved by Qingdao Agricultural University, preservation number: Gi95) to the above 2-3L culture medium and sow tobacco and clover, and cultivate in the greenhouse: natural light conditions; 30°C and 12-15°C; water as needed; apply 20%-30% Hoagland nutrient solution every two weeks. Others are under conventional management. Harvest the substrate and root system after 3 to 4 months of cultivation. Adjust the inoculum IPU quantity to be 20000IPU L ^-1 for standby;

Collect one or more of the discarded oyster mushroom chaff, shiitake mushroom chaff or enoki mushroom chaff from the edible fungus field. The main components of the chaff of Pleurotus ostreatus are peanut shells or corn cobs; the chaff of shiitake mushrooms is mainly poplar wood chips; the chaff of enoki mushrooms is mainly corn cobs. After being decomposed and broken by composting, according to the root fungal agent: fungus chaff = 1:10 (volume ratio), the content of 20000IPU L ^-1 of Glomus intraradices and fungus chaff is mixed evenly to prepare fungus chaff+ AMF soilless culture medium.

2. Cultivation of tomato using fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium

Tomato seedlings at the seedling age of 3 to 4 leaves are planted in the above soilless culture medium, and the fungus chaff not inoculated with AMF is used as a control to carry out tomato cultivation in the open air or in the greenhouse. Natural light is used throughout the cultivation process; day and night temperatures are 27-32°C and 15-17°C respectively; watering, pest control and disease prevention are required; however, water is properly controlled and no chemical fertilizers are applied. Appropriately add 30% to 50% Hoagland nutrient solution. The tomato mycorrhizal infection rate, plant growth and development status and tomato fruit yield were regularly measured (Table 1). After the end of the growing season, the cultivation substrate was collected, and the substrate pH, mineral nutrient content, AMF inoculation potential unit, etc. were measured by conventional instrument analysis methods (Table 2); for future use.

The experimental results of tomato cultivation using fungus chaff + AMF culture medium show that the survival rate of tomato seedlings is 100% without slowing down after planting in the fungus chaff + AMF culture medium, while the control needs 3 to 4 days of slow seedling period, and the survival rate is 83.1% ; The number of inflorescences per plant and the yield of the inoculation treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (Table 1).

Table 1 Effects of fungus chaff + AMF culture medium on tomato mycorrhizal development, growth and yield

Note: The fungus bran in the table is the discarded solid medium in the production of oyster mushrooms; AMF=Glomus intaradices

Table 2 Physicochemical properties and AMF inoculum quantity of tomato cultivated with fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate

Note: The fungus bran in the table is the discarded solid medium in the production of oyster mushrooms; AMF=Glomus intaradices

3. Field experiments in protected areas

The vegetable greenhouse was selected as the test site, and 3 plots (repeated 3 times) were set up with the fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium used for cultivating tomato and without the control (CK), each with an area of 20m ² . The above-mentioned substrates used after tomato cultivation were used as AMF inoculants and soil organic additives, and 5L m ^-2 was applied to the soil of the protected area, and Jingxin No. 4 watermelon seedlings (commercially available) were planted according to a certain row spacing, and ² greenhouses per 666m The area is cultivated with 600-800 trees. Apply chicken manure 5t/667m ² deeply before transplanting seedlings, and apply no or less quick-acting chemical fertilizers during the entire cultivation process; the amount of fertilizer and water used during the entire cultivation process is 1/2 of the conventional amount, and the amount of pesticides is 1/3 of the conventional amount. Irrigation, pest control, disease prevention, etc. Others adopt conventional cultivation and management until the watermelon is harvested. Determination of watermelon mycorrhizal infection rate, plant growth and development status, watermelon yield, watermelon sugar content and Vc content (Table 3), etc. After the growing season, the physical and chemical properties of the greenhouse soil were measured by conventional instrumental analysis methods.

The measurement results of reuse of used fungus chaff and AMF cultivation medium for cultivating tomato showed that the inoculum potential of AMF inoculum in the used fungus chaff and AMF culture medium for cultivating tomato could reach 15000-30000IPU L ^-1 fungus chaff. Therefore, it can continue to be used as AMF inoculant and soil organic additive. The test showed that the watermelon seedlings planted in the plots applied with the fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium used for cultivating tomatoes did not need seedling slowing, and the survival rate was 100%, while the control required 2 to 4 days of seedling slowing, and the survival rate was 86.4%. The yield of watermelon was 1.1-1.37 times that of the control; watermelon quality and soil physical and chemical properties were also significantly improved (Table 2).

Table 3 Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom chaff + AMF cultivation medium used in tomato cultivation on watermelon yield, quality and soil physical and chemical properties

Example 2

The present embodiment utilizes the method for recycling and reusing the novel cultivation substrate of the bacterium chaff+AMF comprising the following steps:

1. Fine river sand and clay that have passed through a 2mm sieve without any impurities are selected, mixed according to fine river sand:clay=5:2~1 (volume ratio), and used as AMF culture substrate after moist heat sterilization. Add 500-1000 spores of Glomus intaradices (isolated and preserved by Qingdao Agricultural University, preservation number: Gi95) into the above 2-3L culture medium and sow tobacco and clover, cultivate in a greenhouse under natural light conditions; the day and night temperature is 25-30 -12～15℃; water as needed; apply 20%～30% Hoagland nutrient solution every two weeks. Others are under conventional management. Harvest the substrate and root system after 3 to 4 months of cultivation. Adjust the inoculum IPU quantity to be 15000IPU L ^-1 for standby;

The chaff of Pleurotus ostreatus, champignon of shiitake mushroom and chaff of Flammulina velutipes discarded in the edible mushroom field were collected respectively. The main components of the chaff of Pleurotus ostreatus are peanut shells or corn cobs; the chaff of shiitake mushrooms is mainly poplar wood chips; the chaff of enoki mushrooms is mainly corn cobs. After composting and decomposing and crushing, according to the root fungal agent: fungus chaff = 1:10 (volume ratio), the content of 15000IPU L ^-1 of Glomus intraradices and fungus chaff is mixed evenly to prepare fungus chaff+ AMF soilless culture medium.

2. The effect of cultivating onion with fungus chaff + AMF cultivation substrate

The onion seedlings were planted in the soilless culture medium mentioned above, and the fungus chaff not inoculated with AMF was used as a control to carry out open-air or greenhouse onion cultivation and production. Use natural light throughout the cultivation process; day and night temperature is 27-32-15-17°C; watering, pest control and disease prevention as needed; but properly control water, do not apply any chemical fertilizers, and can be supplemented as needed in the later stages of the growing season 30%~50% Hoagland nutrient solution. Onion mycorrhizal infection rate, plant growth and development status and onion yield were regularly measured (Table 4). After the growing season, the cultivation substrate was collected, and the pH, mineral nutrient content, AMF inoculation potential unit, etc. of the substrate were measured by conventional instrumental analysis methods (Table 5); set aside.

The experimental results of the effect of using fungus chaff + AMF culture medium to cultivate onion show that: after the onion seedlings are colonized in the fungus chaff + AMF culture medium, there is no need to slow down the seedlings, and the survival rate is 100%. 88.4%; the yield per plant of the inoculation treatment was significantly higher than that of the control (Table 6).

Table 4 Effects of fungus chaff + AMF culture medium on onion mycorrhizal development, growth and yield

Note: The fungus bran in the table is the solid medium discarded in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus; AMF=Glomus intaradice

Table 5 Physicochemical properties and AMF inoculum quantity after cultivating onion with fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate

Note: The fungus bran in the table is the discarded solid medium in the production of oyster mushrooms; AMF=Glomus intaradices

2. Protected field field experiment

Select a suitable greenhouse as the test site, and set up three plots (that is, repeat 3 times) for each plot (that is, repeat 3 times) after applying the used fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium (5L m ^-2 ) after cultivating onions and without applying the control (CK). The area is 20m ² . Cucumber melon seedlings are planted according to a certain row spacing, and 3000 cucumbers are cultivated per 666m ² greenhouse area. Apply chicken manure 4t/667m ² deeply before transplanting seedlings, and apply no or less quick-acting chemical fertilizers during the whole cultivation process; as needed, irrigation, insect control, disease prevention, etc., all follow conventional methods. Regularly measure the mycorrhizal infection rate, plant growth and development status, cucumber yield, etc. of cucumber. After the growing season, the physical and chemical properties of the greenhouse soil were measured by conventional instrumental analysis methods.

The results of the effect test on the reuse of the used fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium for cultivating onions show that the inoculation potential of the AMF inoculum in the used fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium after the application of cultivated onions can reach 17000-35000 IPU L ^-1 bacteria bran. Therefore, it can continue to be used as AMF inoculant and soil organic additive. The test showed that the cucumber seedlings in the cultivated onion culture medium used fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium did not need seedling slowing, and the survival rate was 100%, while the control required 2 to 4 days of seedling slowing, and the survival rate was 90%. The yield was 1.1 to 1.5 times that of the control; the physical and chemical properties of the greenhouse soil were also significantly improved (Table 6).

Table 6 Effects of fungus chaff + AMF cultivation medium used for cultivating onion on yield, quality and soil physical and chemical properties of cucumber

The substrate used after the cultivation of onions is used as AMF inoculant and soil organic additives, and 5Lm ^-2 is applied to the soil of the protected area, and cucumbers are continued to be cultivated. It can reduce the amount of fertilizer, water and pesticide, improve soil fertility and increase cucumber yield.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify the equivalent of equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method of bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation substrate, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of AMF bacterial agent: select impurity-free fine river sand and clay, fine river sand by volume ratio: clay = 5: 2 ~ 1, mix evenly, and become AMF culture substrate after moist heat sterilization, and AMF inoculum Add to the above-mentioned culture medium and sow tobacco and/or clover, and cultivate in the greenhouse; after 3 to 4 months of cultivation, harvest the matrix and root system, and adjust the number of inoculum IPU to 15,000 to 20,000 IPU L ^-1 for later use; (2) Preparation of fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate: After the fungus chaff is decomposed and broken, the AMF bacterial agent is prepared according to the volume ratio: bacterial chaff=1:8～12 and mixed to prepare the fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate, and the AMF microbial agent The bacteria content is 15000～20000IPU L ^-1 ; The AMF is Glomus intraradices; the fungus chaff is one or more of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes or Flammulina velutipes. 2. The preparation method of fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the AMF inoculum is added to the culture substrate to 500-1000 spores/2-3L substrate. 3. The preparation method of fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cultivation conditions in the step (2) are natural light conditions; day and night temperatures are respectively 25～30°C and 12～15°C ; Apply 20% to 30% Hoagland nutrient solution every two weeks. 4. according to the purposes of the described bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation substrate that preparation method of claim 1 makes as vegetable cultivation substrate or soil additive, it is characterized in that concrete use method is as follows: (1) Plant vegetable seedlings with 3 to 4 leaf seedling ages in the culture substrate of fungus chaff+AMF respectively, make them grow and develop normally, and collect the cultivation substrate after the growing season ends for reuse; (2) Apply 5 Lm ^-2 of the cultivation medium collected after the above-mentioned cultivated vegetables are used into the soil of the protected area, and then plant the vegetables. 5. The use of fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate as a vegetable cultivation substrate or soil additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: said vegetable seedlings are one or more of tomato and onion seedlings. 6. The use of the fungus chaff+AMF cultivation substrate as a vegetable cultivation substrate or soil additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: the vegetables are cucumbers.