CN103109763B - Manufacture method of seawater ecological ornamental aquarium and seawater ecological ornamental aquarium - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for making a seawater ecological ornamental aquarium and the aquarium. The aquarium includes an ornamental cabin, and the ornamental cabin is placed with live sand, live living stones, starfish, algae, hermit crabs and other functions taken from mature ecological breeding ponds. Sexual organisms, as well as ornamental organisms such as coral, fish, shrimp, etc., are then connected with mature ecological breeding ponds to develop a mature and stable ecosystem. The aquarium made according to this method comprises an ornamental bin, a heating rod bin, a settling bin, a clear water bin, large particle suspended matter in the settling bin; a heating rod is arranged in the heating rod bin to control the water temperature, and the water passes through the clear water, the ornamental bin, the settling bin, Go back to the clear water tank and repeat the cycle to maintain a good ecological balance of the aquarium. The invention can promote the maturity of the small ecological system of the aquarium in the shortest time, shorten the production cycle, reduce the cost, and at the same time allow consumers to obtain an ornamental aquarium for marine organisms that is easy to raise and maintain.

Description

Seawater ecological ornamental aquarium manufacturing method and seawater ecological ornamental aquarium

technical field

The present invention relates to seawater ornamental biological aquarium breeding technology, which is a kind of seawater ecological closed cycle breeding technology, which raises seawater ornamental fish, ornamental shrimp, seaweed, coral and other varieties, and is a method of simulating and concentrating the ecology of natural coral reefs in an artificial and controllable environment. The imitation ecology technology of the system adopts this technology to make a seawater aquarium for ornamental use.

Background technique

At present, most seawater ornamental aquariums in China adopt a filter system dominated by nitrifying bacteria. The principle is: use the porous structure of filter materials such as biospheres, ceramic rings, coral sand, and bacterial houses to cultivate nitrifying bacteria in large densities. Nitrifying bacteria It can decompose the ammonia nitrogen waste produced by ornamental organisms in the aquarium into nitrite (NO ₂ ), and then convert nitrite (NO ₂ ) into nitrate (NO ₃ ), but the nitrifying bacteria have no further processing ability, so it will Leads to the accumulation of nitrates in the aquarium, and high concentrations of nitrates can cause the following problems:

High-concentration nitrate is toxic to fish: nitrate itself is non-toxic, but if it accumulates in too high a concentration in water, it will also have adverse effects on fish. The main manifestations are: dark body color, decreased resistance, anorexia, severe Some may even experience head holes, deformities and other symptoms, eventually leading to death.

Lower pH value, seawater acidification, biological death: High concentration of nitrate will lead to lower pH value of seawater, acidification of seawater. The pH value of normal natural seawater should be around 8.0, which is alkaline. Most marine organisms cannot survive in a low pH environment for a long time. For example, the main component of coral skeleton is calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ). Calcium carbonate will gradually dissolve in an acidic environment, resulting in the death of organisms.

Flooding of lower algae, turbidity of sea water, affecting viewing: For most seaweeds, nitrate is an important nutrient salt necessary for their growth, but if the concentration of nitrate is too high, it will cause lower algae (brown algae, red algae, etc.) Mud algae, silk algae, etc.) grow rapidly, covering the surface of corals, preventing their photosynthesis, and directly leading to the death of corals. The massive reproduction of lower algae will also release a large number of spores suspended in the water, making the sea water turbid and affecting viewing.

Coral discoloration and loss of ornamental value: Coral is an animal, and most ornamental corals rely on a special kind of algae (symbiotic algae) cultivated in their bodies to provide nutrition for them. Under normal water quality conditions (nitrate concentration close to 0), corals control the growth of symbiotic algae, and the colors of corals are also colorful. However, when the nitrate concentration exceeds a certain value (generally exceeding 25ppm), the symbiotic algae will grow and multiply uncontrollably, and the color of the coral itself will be covered by the dark brown symbiotic algae, making the coral lose its ornamental value. lead to the death of corals.

In addition to the above-mentioned nitrification system, the biological filtration system is another way of raising seawater aquariums, but due to the complexity and high cost of establishment and maintenance, it generally only exists among enthusiast-level seawater aquarium enthusiasts. The principle of the system is: using bioliths as the basis, assisting auxiliary equipment such as high-wattage lights, powerful flow pumps and protein separators, and gradually cultivating beneficial organisms, Algae, slowly establish a mature ecosystem to achieve successful aquarium farming. This method can maintain the state of organisms better than the nitrifying bacteria system, but there are also the following problems:

The system design is complicated, and it is difficult for ordinary people to master: because there is no uniform implementation standard for this method, and the seawater aquarium is a rather complicated system engineering, which involves knowledge in many fields, such as lighting system, wave making system, temperature control system, Water circulation system, physical filtration system, water replenishment system, etc., but only the lighting system involves the type of bulb (LED, T5HO, HQI), color temperature, wavelength, wattage, light intensity (PAR value-that is, the light available for photosynthesis ), ballasts, timers, power distribution facilities, etc., ordinary people need to go through a long period of study and practice to master.

Moreover, the water raising process is complicated and lengthy: since there is no standardized plan for this method, the size, shape, lighting configuration, water flow intensity, protein skimmer processing capacity, water body size, quality and quantity of each tank are different. They are all the same, so now this method is different in the process of establishing and raising water, requiring the breeder to observe patiently and carefully and take corresponding measures (such as the growth of algae, the state of organisms) according to the actual situation (such as Adjust the lighting time, change the water, when to put what kind of creatures, etc.). This method requires the breeder to have considerable patience and a considerable understanding of the marine organisms being reared. Under normal circumstances, it takes 2 to 3 months of water cultivation period to gradually add the target ornamental organisms, and it even takes 3 to 6 months to fully achieve the expected ornamental effect.

on the other hand. For the raising of seawater organisms, the application number submitted by the inventor on September 28, 2012 is 201210367013.3, which was disclosed in the invention patent application on January 2, 2013. A kind of seawater ecological closed cycle breeding technology has been provided. Seawater ornamental fish, ornamental shrimp, seaweed, coral and other varieties are an ecological imitation technology that simulates and condenses the natural coral reef ecosystem in an artificial and controllable environment. On the basis of this technology, the present invention provides seawater ecological ornamental aquarium The box and the manufacturing method thereof overcome a series of problems in the aforementioned existing seawater ornamental aquarium.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the shortcomings of the existing artificial breeding methods of seawater ornamental organisms, and provide a method for making an ornamental seawater aquarium with a stable ecosystem, easy feeding and simple maintenance and the aquarium thereof.

The basic principle of the present invention about establishing a stable seawater ecosystem is basically the same as that of the patent application with application number 201210367013.3, a closed seawater ecological cycle culture method and its device system, and the configuration species of the aquarium of the present invention are all taken from the described A mature ecological breeding pond of a closed seawater recirculation culture system is connected with the mature ecological breeding pond during the ecological growth process of the aquarium.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a seawater ecological ornamental aquarium. The aquarium includes an ornamental bin. The technical core of the manufacturing method of the present invention is to establish a stable ecological balance system in the ornamental bin. The manufacturing steps are as follows:

Firstly, the configured species of the aquarium are taken out from a mature ecological culture pond of a closed seawater recirculation culture system, and placed in an ornamental bin of the aquarium. The mature ecological aquaculture pond mentioned in this application refers to the ecologically stable aquaculture pond in the closed seawater ecological recirculation aquaculture system described in the patent application No. 201210367013.3, a closed seawater ecological recirculation cultivation method and its device system.

Composition and general proportions of configured species:

Live sand (fine coral sand rich in microorganisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds): thickness 1cm;

Live bio-stones (bio-stones rich in beneficial organisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds): 1kg of live bio-stones per 10 liters of water;

Functional organisms:

Sand-turning starfish: 1 per 20 liters of water;

Algae-eating snails: 1 per 10 liters of water;

Hermit crab: 1 per 10 liters of water;

Target ornamental organisms:

Coral: 4 small pieces per 10 liters of water;

Fish: 1 fish per 5 liters of water;

Ornamental shrimp: 1 per 20 liters of water;

Then, perform ecological cultivation on the configured aquarium:

The configured aquarium is connected with the mature ecological breeding pond of the closed seawater circulation culture system, and after 7-10 days, the small ecological environment in the aquarium is consistent with the large ecological environment in the mature ecological breeding pond, forming a mature, a stable ecosystem,

LED lights are installed above the ornamental cabin. Light promotes the growth of corals, algae, and phytoplankton, forming a complete biological chain among the species in the ornamental warehouse and maintaining a stable ecological balance.

The closed seawater ecological circulation culture system includes the following devices:

A breeding pond, primary treatment of water quality:

The net cage is suspended in the breeding pond, and the target organisms are put into the cage.

A biologically activated sand layer is laid on the bottom of the culture pond,

Introduce sand-turning organisms and secondary breeding target organisms into the breeding tank to eat residual bait and feces in the sand layer; sand-turning organisms turn the sand layer to avoid sand layer anoxic and compaction;

B sedimentation and biological purification tank, including sedimentation tank part and purified biological tank part, carries out physical sedimentation and biological purification treatment to the water from the primary treatment in the culture pond;

The sedimentation tank is partially covered with biologically activated sand layer, and sand-turning organisms are introduced, so that most of the residual organic particles from the culture tank are deposited here and biodecomposed;

Bio-stones are set in the biological purification pool, and secondary breeding target organisms with filtering and cleaning functions are used to further filter the remaining organic particles and nutrients in the water that has undergone physical precipitation.

At the end of the biological purification tank, the treated water is discharged and sent back to the culture tank;

All of the device systems were placed in sunlight.

Another technical solution provided by the present invention is a seawater ecological ornamental aquarium made according to the above method, comprising:

The aquarium box is made of transparent materials and is divided into 4 parts: viewing bin, heating rod bin, sedimentation bin, and clear water bin. The heating rod bin, the sedimentation bin, and the clear water bin are connected successively, and are arranged behind the ornamental bin, separated by a first partition.

In the ornamental chamber, live sand, live living stones, functional organisms and ornamental organisms configured according to the above-mentioned aquarium manufacturing method are configured, and injected into seawater. The configured species are all collected from the mature ecological breeding pond, and the seawater is artificially prepared made.

On the upper part of the ornamental cabin, LED lights are suspended.

In the heating rod compartment, place the heating rod, and automatically control the temperature at about 23-27 degrees Celsius.

There is a second partition between the sedimentation bin and the heating rod, and the large suspended particles in the water settle in the sedimentation bin to avoid blocking the water pump.

The clear water bin and the settling bin are provided with a third partition, and the bottom of the partition is suspended to connect the two bins. A water pump is arranged in the clear water bin to communicate with the ornamental bin through a return pipe.

An overflow grid hole is arranged on the first partition part where the heating rod bin and the settling bin are adjacent to the ornamental bin.

The water in the aquarium is pumped from the water pump of the clear water tank to the ornamental bin through the return pipe, and then overflows from the ornamental bin to the heating rod bin and the sedimentation bin through the overflow hole of the first partition, and then passes through the third partition from the sedimentation bin The lower part returns to the clean water bin, and so on.

The species and proportions placed in the ornamental warehouse are as follows:

Live sand (fine coral sand rich in microorganisms taken from the culture pond): thickness 1cm,

Live bio-stone (from the bio-stone rich in beneficial organisms in the breeding pond): 1kg of live bio-stone per 10 liters of water,

Functional organisms:

Sand-turning starfish: 1 per 20 liters of water,

Algae-eating snails: 1 per 10 liters of water,

Hermit crab: 1 per 10 liters of water,

Target ornamental organisms:

Coral: 4 small pieces in 10 liters of water,

Fish: 1 fish in 5 liters of water,

Ornamental shrimp: 1 in 20 liters of water.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without making creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing method of the seawater ecological ornamental aquarium of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation of the seawater ornamental biological aquarium of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the seawater ornamental biological aquarium of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the structure of the seawater ornamental biological aquarium of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the heating rod chamber, the sedimentation chamber and the clear water chamber in the seawater ornamental biological aquarium of the present invention, and the ornamental chamber is omitted among the figures.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose and effect, the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing method of seawater ecological ornamental aquarium, the unique technology of the present invention is to set up an ornamental warehouse with a stable ecological system, the steps are as follows:

First, take out the species to be configured in the aquarium 1 from the mature ecological breeding pond 2 of the closed seawater recirculation culture system, and place it in the ornamental warehouse 3 of the aquarium,

Composition and general proportions of configured species:

Live sand (fine coral sand rich in microorganisms taken from the culture pond): thickness 1cm,

Live bio-stone (from the bio-stone rich in beneficial organisms in the breeding pond): 1kg of live bio-stone per 10 liters of water,

Functional organisms:

Sand-turning starfish: 1 per 20 liters of water,

Algae-eating snails: 1 per 10 liters of water,

Hermit crab: 1 per 10 liters of water,

Target ornamental organisms:

Coral: 4 small pieces per 10 liters of water, each piece is about 4 cm long,

Fish: 1 fish per 5 liters of water,

Ornamental shrimp: 1 per 20 liters of water.

Then, carry out ecological cultivation to the aquarium 1 that has configured the above-mentioned species:

As shown in Figure 2, two water pipes are connected from the aquarium 1 that has been configured, one is water inlet and the other is water outlet, and both water pipes are connected to the aforementioned mature ecological breeding pool 2. The environment and the large ecological environment in the mature ecological breeding pool 2 are connected as one, so that the organisms in the 1 li of the small aquarium for 7-10 days have just adapted to the new environment and reached a mature, stable ecosystem.

Special-purpose LED lighting system is installed on the aquarium 1. The spectrum of the LED lights used is very suitable for seawater biological growth. Just like the ecology of coral reefs in nature, light will promote the vigorous growth of corals, algae, and phytoplankton. Algae and phytoplankton absorb nutrients in the water and provide food for zooplankton and algae-eating organisms. Zooplankton, algae-eating organisms are carnivores Food is provided, and the excrement of carnivorous animals at the top of the food chain is decomposed by relatively low-level organisms and finally absorbed by seaweed and phytoplankton. This cycle goes on and on, and energy is transferred between different organisms. No matter at any time, the nutrients are solidified in the marine organisms and will not be released into the water, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the water.

The present invention also provides a seawater ornamental biological aquarium 1 manufactured according to the above method

As shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5, the aquarium 1 casing is made of transparent material, and is divided into 4 parts: an ornamental bin 3, a heating rod bin 4, a sedimentation bin 5, and a clear water bin 6. The heating rod bin 4, the sedimentation bin 5, and the clean water bin 6 communicate in turn, and are arranged behind the ornamental bin 3, separated by the first dividing plate 7.

In the ornamental chamber 3, live sand, live living stones, functional organisms and ornamental organisms configured according to the aforesaid aquarium manufacturing method are configured. become. On the top of viewing chamber 3, LED lamp 8 is suspended.

Heating rod 9 is placed in the heating rod warehouse 4, and the temperature is automatically controlled at about 23-27 degrees Celsius.

A second partition 10 is set between the settling bin 5 and the heating rod bin 4, and the large suspended matter in the water settles in the settling bin 5 to avoid blocking the water pump.

The clean water bin 6 and the settling bin 5 are separated by a third partition 11, and the bottom of the third partition 11 is suspended to connect the two bins. A water pump 12 is set in the clean water bin 6, and the return pipe 13 passes through the first partition 7. The pipe hole 14 communicates with the ornamental storehouse 3.

In the part of the first partition plate 7 which is separated from the viewing bin 3 together by the heating rod bin 4 and the settling bin 5, an overflow grid hole 15 is arranged.

The water in the aquarium 1 is pumped by the water pump 12 of the clear water bin 6 to the ornamental bin 3 through the return pipe 13, and the ornamental bin 3 then overflows to the heating rod bin 4 and the sedimentation bin 5 through the overflow grid hole 15 of the first partition 7 , and then return to the clear water bin 6 through the lower part of the third partition 11 from the settling bin 5, and so on.

According to the configuration species composition and ratio described in the preparation method of the seawater ornamental biological aquarium of the present invention, the configuration species and configuration density of a small aquarium 1 are specifically given, and its function and effect are explained.

Take a small aquarium 1 of the following dimensions as an example:

Length: 29cm, Width: 26cm, Height: 24cm,

Bio-ratio:

Mature seawater (that is, seawater taken from the culture pond): 15L,

Live sand (taken from the fine coral sand rich in microorganisms in the culture pond): thickness 1cm,

On the live sand are live living stones and various functional organisms such as seaweed, as well as target ornamental organisms such as coral, fish, shrimp, etc.

Live bioliths (from the bioliths rich in beneficial organisms in the culture pond): 1.5 kg

Functional organisms: 1 sand-turning starfish, 2 algae-eating snails, 2 hermit crabs, and several seaweeds. Sand-turning starfish will constantly turn the sand layer to avoid lack of oxygen and compaction of the sand layer. At the same time, they will also eat the residual bait and feces that fall on the sand layer. Snail-eating snails and hermit crabs will also eat residual bait and feces in the fish tank, and snail-eating snails will clean the tank walls and bioliths.

Target ornamental organisms: 6 small pieces of coral (each about 4 cm long), 3 fish, and 1 ornamental shrimp.

The seawater biological ornamental aquarium and its manufacturing method of the present invention is an imitation ecology technology that simulates and concentrates the natural coral reef ecosystem in an artificial and controllable environment. Marine organisms, and then select a suitable location for each organism according to its habits to obtain light and water flow conditions suitable for the growth of the organism. Directly adopt the method of connecting the large ecologically mature system and the newly established small system in series to promote the maturity of the small ecological system in the shortest time, so that the producer can shorten the production cycle and reduce the cost, and at the same time, it also allows the consumer to obtain a plant that is easy to raise and maintain. marine life ornamental aquarium.

Salient feature of the present invention is:

1) The production cycle is short and the production process is simple,

2) High production efficiency, mass production can meet market demand,

3) The finished product is easy to raise,

4) The finished product is easy to maintain,

5) The packaging of the finished product is simple and convenient to transport, which can realize the sales method of what you see is what you get for seawater aquariums.

Although the present invention has been described in detail in conjunction with preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of manufacture method of seawater ecological ornamental aquarium, described seawater ecological ornamental aquarium comprises ornamental bin, it is characterized in that, A stable ecological balance system is established in the ornamental bin, and the production steps are as follows: First, take out the configuration species of the aquarium from the mature ecological breeding pond of a closed seawater ecological circulation culture system, and place them in the ornamental warehouse of the aquarium. The composition and general proportion of the species configured are: Live sand: thickness 1cm, described live sand is the fine coral sand rich in microorganisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds, Live bio-stone: every 10 liters of water is equipped with 1kg of live bio-stone, which is a bio-stone rich in beneficial organisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds, Functional organisms: Sand-turning starfish: 1 per 20 liters of water, Algae-eating snails: 1 per 10 liters of water, Hermit crab: 1 per 10 liters of water, Target ornamental organisms: Coral: 4 small pieces per 10 liters of water, Fish: 1 fish per 5 liters of water, Ornamental shrimp: 1 per 20 liters of water, Then, perform ecological cultivation on the configured aquarium: The configured aquarium is connected with the mature ecological breeding pool of the closed seawater ecological circulation culture system, and after 7-10 days, the small ecological environment in the aquarium is consistent with the large ecological environment in the mature ecological breeding pool, forming a mature ecological environment. , a stable ecosystem, LED lights are installed above the ornamental bins for light to promote the growth of corals, seaweeds, and phytoplankton, so that a complete biological chain can be formed among the species in the ornamental bins, and a stable ecological balance can be maintained. The closed seawater ecological circulation culture system includes the following devices: A breeding pond, primary treatment of water quality: The net cage is suspended in the breeding pond, and the target organisms are put into the cage. A biologically activated sand layer is laid on the bottom of the culture pond, Introduce sand-turning organisms and secondary breeding target organisms into the breeding tank to eat residual bait and feces in the sand layer; sand-turning organisms turn the sand layer to avoid sand layer anoxic and compaction; B sedimentation and biological purification tank, including sedimentation tank part and purified biological tank part, carries out physical sedimentation and biological purification treatment to the water from the primary treatment in the culture pond; The biologically activated sand layer is laid in the sedimentation tank, and sand-turning organisms are introduced to make most of the residual organic particles from the culture tank settle and biodecompose here; Bio-stones are set in the biological purification pool, and secondary breeding target organisms with filtering and cleaning functions are used to further filter the remaining organic particles and nutrients in the water that has undergone physical precipitation. At the end of the biological purification tank, the treated water is discharged and sent back to the culture tank; All of the device systems were placed in sunlight. 2. the manufacture method of seawater ecological ornamental aquarium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described seawater ecological ornamental aquarium also comprises heating rod storehouse, sedimentation storehouse, clean water storehouse, A heating rod is placed in the heating rod compartment to automatically control the water temperature at about 23-27 degrees Celsius. The water in the aquarium enters the ornamental bin through the clear water bin, and then overflows from the ornamental bin to the sedimentation bin. The large suspended particles in the water settle in the sedimentation bin, and the purified water returns to the clear water bin. Maintain a good ecological balance. 3. a kind of seawater ecological ornamental aquarium made by the method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, The box body of the seawater ecological ornamental aquarium is made of transparent material, and the seawater ecological ornamental aquarium is divided into four parts: ornamental bin, heating rod bin, sedimentation bin, clear water bin, The heating rod bin, sedimentation bin, and clear water bin are connected in sequence, and are arranged behind the ornamental bin, separated by the first partition. In the ornamental chamber, live sand, live living stones, functional organisms and ornamental organisms configured according to the method described in claim 1 or 2 are configured, and artificially prepared seawater is injected, and the configured species are all collected from the mature ecological breeding pond, On the upper part of the ornamental cabin, LED lights are suspended, In the heating rod compartment, place the heating rod, and automatically control the temperature at about 23-27 degrees Celsius. There is a second partition between the sedimentation chamber and the heating rod, and the large particles suspended in the water will settle in the sedimentation chamber to avoid blocking the water pump. The clear water tank and the sedimentation tank are equipped with a third partition, and the bottom of the third partition is suspended to connect the two tanks. A water pump is installed in the clean water tank, and it is connected to the ornamental tank through the return pipe. An overflow grid hole is provided on the first partition part where the heating rod bin and the sedimentation bin are adjacent to the ornamental bin. The water in the aquarium is pumped from the water pump of the clear water tank to the ornamental bin through the return pipe, and then overflows from the ornamental bin to the heating rod bin and the sedimentation bin through the overflow hole of the first partition, and then passes through the third partition from the sedimentation bin The lower part returns to the clear water warehouse, and so on, The species and proportions placed in the ornamental warehouse are as follows: Live sand: thickness 1cm, described live sand is the fine coral sand rich in microorganisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds, Live bio-stone: every 10 liters of water is equipped with 1kg of live bio-stone, which is a bio-stone rich in beneficial organisms taken from mature ecological breeding ponds, Functional organisms: Sand-turning starfish: 1 per 20 liters of water, Algae-eating snails: 1 per 10 liters of water, Hermit crab: 1 per 10 liters of water, Target ornamental organisms: Coral: 4 small pieces per 10 liters of water, Fish: 1 fish per 5 liters of water, Ornamental shrimp: 1 per 20 liters of water.

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